Ingabe uzizwa ungaphilile kahle muva nje, mhlawumbe unomkhuhlane? Kungaba umkhuhlane. Ngokuvamile uzizwa unamandla kakhulu kunomkhuhlane ovamile, okukushiya uzibuza ukuthi uyini ngempela. Kulo mhlahlandlela ovela eNirogi Lanka, sizohlola ukuthi uyini umkhuhlane, ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe uma uwuthola.
Iyini i-Flu (Influenza)?
Kalula nje, umkhuhlane ukutheleleka okuthinta uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula — empeleni, uhlasela ikhala lakho, umphimbo, namaphaphu. Ubangelwa igciwane elisakazeka kalula lisuka kumuntu liye komunye. Igciwane lomkhuhlane lisebenza kakhulu phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo . Ezindaweni eziningi, kukhona "isizini yomkhuhlane" ehlukile, futhi ngisho nasesimweni sezulu sethu, sibona ukuqubuka kwesizini. Sicela uqonde ukuthi umkhuhlane awuyona nje umkhuhlane ovamile; yisimo esidinga ukunakwa okukhulu nokunakekelwa okufanele.
Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane (Influenza)?
Uma une-flu, cishe uzozizwa unzima kakhulu kunokuba ubungazizwa uma unomkhuhlane ojwayelekile. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela cishe ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemva kokuba igciwane lingene emzimbeni wakho. Ungase uzwe okulandelayo:
- Umkhuhlane omkhulu, ongazelelwe
- Ukugodola nokuthuthumela
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
- Ubuhlungu bomzimba, ikakhulukazi emisipheni yakho
- Isiyezi
- Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla
- Ukukhathala noma ukukhathala okukhulu
- Ukukhwehlela
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- Impumulo egobhozayo noma evalekile
- Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
- Ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile
- Ubuhlungu bendlebe
- Ngezinye izikhathi, isifo sohudo
Uma izingane ezincane zinomkhuhlane, zingase zibe nolaka ngendlela engavamile noma zivele zibonakale “zingavamile.” Njengoba zingakwazi ukuchaza njalo ukuthi zizizwa kanjani, abazali kufanele bahlale beqaphile futhi baqaphe lezi zimpawu eduze.
Kungani umkhuhlane (i-Influenza) uvela?
Umkhuhlane ubangelwa yigciwane lomkhuhlane . Usakazeka kalula kakhulu. Uma umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula, akhipha amaconsi amancane aqukethe leli gciwane emoyeni. Uma uwaphefumula, ungatheleleka. Cabanga ngokuthi igciwane lingafika ngokushesha kangakanani kuwe uma othile ethimula eduze!
Ngaphezu kwalokho, la maconsi angawela ezindaweni ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, imali, izikhonkwane emabhasini, noma ezinqoleni zokuthenga. Uma uthinta lezi zindawo bese uthinta ikhala lakho, umlomo, noma amehlo akho, igciwane lingangena kalula emzimbeni wakho.
Ingabe umkhuhlane (i-Influenza) uyathelelana? Usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani?
Yebo, umkhuhlane uyathelelana kakhulu . Ungawusabalalisa kwabanye kusukela ngosuku ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele uze ululame ngokugcwele. Kubantu abadala, lesi sikhathi sivame ukuba cishe isonto, yize izingane zingahlala zithelelana isikhathi eside. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlala ekhaya uma unomkhuhlane—uvikela abanye ekuguleni.
Umkhuhlane uvame ukusabalala njengobhubhane minyaka yonke—okusho ukusabalala okusheshayo kwezifo endaweni ethile ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zifo zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Uma ubhubhane lusakazeka emhlabeni wonke, lubizwa ngokuthi ubhubhane . Lokhu akuvamile. Kwakukhona izifo ezintathu zomkhuhlane ekhulwini lama-20, futhi kuze kube manje eyodwa kuphela kweyama-21, ukuqubuka komkhuhlane A (H1N1) ka-2009.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi umkhuhlane (i-Influenza)?
Ngokuvamile, udokotela angakwazi ukuthola umkhuhlane ngokukubuka nje wena noma ingane yakho, njengoba iziguli zivame ukubonakala zingaphilile kahle. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izifo zingalingisa izimpawu zomkhuhlane, udokotela wakho angenza ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga. Bazosebenzisa i-swab ende ukuqoqa isampula ekhaleni noma emphinjeni wakho. Imiphumela ingatholakala ngokushesha, noma kungadingeka ithunyelwe elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe okwengeziwe.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma une-flu (Influenza)? Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Iningi labantu, okuhlanganisa nezingane, liyalulama emkhuhlaneni ekhaya. Uma wena noma ingane yakho igula, khumbula la maphuzu:
- Ukuze uvimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni , qiniseka ukuthi uphuza uketshezi oluningi njengamanzi, amajusi, imihluzi kanye nesobho.
- Qiniseka ukuthi ulala kahle futhi uphumule ngokwanele. Gwema umsebenzi noma umsebenzi womzimba; umzimba wakho udinga amandla ukuze ululame.
- Ungathatha noma unikeze i-paracetamol noma i-ibuprofen ukunciphisa umkhuhlane nokunciphisa izinhlungu zomzimba.
Okubaluleke Kakhulu: Ungalokothi unike izingane noma intsha i-aspirin (ikakhulukazi labo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-19). I-aspirin ihlotshaniswa ne -Reye's syndrome , isimo esingavamile kodwa esibi kakhulu futhi esingaba yingozi esithinta isibindi nobuchopho.
- Gqoka izendlalelo ukuze ukwazi ukususa noma ukufaka izingubo kalula, njengoba ungase ushintshe phakathi kokuzizwa ushisa futhi ugodole.
Izingane kufanele zigcinwe ekhaya zingayi esikoleni noma endaweni yokunakekela izingane kuze kube yilapho sezilulame. Kufanele zihlale ekhaya kuze kube yilapho sezingenawo umkhuhlane okungenani amahora angama-24 ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imithi yokwehlisa umkhuhlane. Xhumana nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kuphephile nini ukubuyela emisebenzini evamile.
Kunini lapho kudingeka khona ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha?
Uma ingane yakho igula kakhulu noma isengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga, udokotela angase akunike umuthi wokulwa namagciwane . Lokhu kunganciphisa isikhathi somkhuhlane ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, kodwa kusebenza kahle kakhulu uma kuqalwa zingakapheli amahora angu-48 kusukela izimpawu ziqalile. Uma udokotela wakho ekunike umuthi wokulwa namagciwane, mbuze ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona.
Okubalulekile: Odokotela abanikezi ama-antibiotic omkhuhlane. Ama-antibiotic elapha kuphela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, hhayi amagciwane. Njengoba umkhuhlane ubangelwa amagciwane, ama-antibiotic ngeke asebenze.
Ingabe umkhuhlane ungaholela kwezinye izinkinga? Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Yebo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola izinkinga ezivela kumkhuhlane. Kulaba bantu, umkhuhlane awuyona nje imfiva elula; ungadlulela ezimweni zempilo ezimbi kakhulu. Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu uma wena noma abathandekayo bakho niwela kulezi zigaba eziyingozi kakhulu:
- Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala, ikakhulukazi izinsana ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-6 .
- Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka . Lokhu kufaka phakathi labo abathola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngama-steroid isikhathi eside, noma abaphila nezimo ezifana ne-HIV noma umdlavuza.
- Abantu abanezinkinga zezempilo ezingamahlalakhona njenge-asthma noma isifo sikashukela.
- Izingane noma intsha ethola ukwelashwa kwe-aspirin isikhathi eside.
- Abantu abanokukhuluphala okukhulu .
- Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma labo abasanda kubeletha (ikakhulukazi phakathi namasonto amabili okuqala ngemva kokubeletha).
- Izakhamuzi zezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside, njengezindawo zokunakekela asebekhulile.
- Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu.
Uma ukwelinye lala maqembu, umkhuhlane ungakuhlasela kakhulu, okungase kuholele ezinkingeni ezifana ne-pneumonia noma ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya okwesibili. Lezi zimo zivame ukudinga ukunakekelwa kwesibhedlela kochwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina labo abasengozini enkulu kude nanoma ubani obhekene nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane.
Uma othile oseduze nawe enezimpawu zomkhuhlane, kungcono ukuhlala kude naye ukuze uvikele labo abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezinkulu.
Umkhuhlane uhlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Ngokuvamile, umkhuhlane kanye nezimpawu zomkhuhlane obukhali—njengobuhlungu bomzimba nokukhathala—ziyaphela zingakapheli isonto. Kodwa-ke, kuvamile ukuzwa ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma umuzwa wobuthakathaka oqhubekayo amasonto ambalwa ngemva kwalokho.
Ungakwazi yini ukuvimbela umkhuhlane?
Nakuba kungekho ndlela enikeza isivikelo esingu-100%, ukuthola umuthi wakho wokugomela umkhuhlane waminyaka yonke kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuhlala uphephile. Wonke umuntu oneminyaka engu-6 nangaphezulu kufanele athole lo muthi wokugomela minyaka yonke.
Isikhathi esifanele sokugonywa singaphambi kokuba isizini yomkhuhlane ifike phezulu—ngokuvamile ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba noma njengoba kunconywa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bendawo. Ngisho noma ungaphuthelwa yilelo thuba, kusafanele ukugonywa kamuva; odokotela abaningi bayaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngemijovo yomkhuhlane kuze kube uMeyi uma nje igciwane lisasakazeka.
Ungathola umjovo wakho womkhuhlane ngesikhathi esifanayo neminye imijovo, njengomjovo we-COVID-19 noma we-RSV. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane yakho ingaphilile okwamanje, inomkhuhlane, noma inenkinga yokuphefumula, thintana nodokotela wakho ukuze anqume ukuthi umjovo kufanele uhlehliswe isikhashana.
Kanye nokugoma, imikhuba ejwayelekile yokuhlanzeka njengokugeza izandla njalo, ukugqoka imaski ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, nokugwema ukuthintana nabantu abagulayo kuyindlela yakho engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela.
Yini enye ongayenza?
Uma othile ekhaya lakho enomkhuhlane, landela lezi zinyathelo ukuze ugweme ukuwusabalalisa kwabanye:
- Ungalokothi wabelane ngezinto zakho siqu njengezinkomishi, amapuleti, izitsha, noma amathawula.
- Hlala ekhaya ungasebenzi noma esikoleni uze ululame ngokugcwele. Lokhu kusiza ukululama kwakho futhi kuvimbele ukusabalala kwegciwane.
- Vala impumulo nomlomo wakho ngethishu uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula, bese ulahla ithishu ngokushesha emgqonyeni kadoti.
- Uma ungenalo ithishu, khwehlela noma uthimule esikhwameni sakho esingaphezulu noma endololwaneni, hhayi ezandleni zakho, ukuze ugcine izandla zakho zihlanzekile.
Yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule?
KwaNirogi Lanka, sifuna uhlale unolwazi. Nasi isifinyezo esibalulekile:
- Umkhuhlane unzima kakhulu kunomkhuhlane ovamile. Hlala uqaphile ngezimpawu zakho.
- Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane waminyaka yonke uyisivikelo sakho esingcono kakhulu. Uma useqenjini elisengozini enkulu, beka phambili ukugonywa.
- Hlanza kahle —geza izandla zakho, ugqoke imaski, futhi usebenzise imikhuba yokuphefumula.
- Uma wena noma ingane yakho nithola umkhuhlane, phumula kahle, hlala unamanzi emzimbeni, bese usebenzisa imithi efana neParacetamol noma i-Ibuprofen yomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba. Unganiki i-Aspirin kunoma ubani ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-19 ubudala.
- Vikela abasengozini ngokubagcina kude nanoma ubani obonisa izimpawu zomkhuhlane.
- Uma izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu (isib. ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, isiyezi esiqhubekayo, noma ukuhlanza okungalawuleki), noma uma umkhuhlane ungaphumi, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma kwenzeka uba sesimweni esiphuthumayo, xhumana no-911 noma uvakashele umnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela oseduze nawe.
Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, wena nomndeni wakho ningahlala nivikelekile emkhuhlaneni. Hlalani niphilile neNirogi Lanka!
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