Uyazazi yini i-influenza? Ake sixoxe ngayo kalula!

Ingabe uzizwa ungaphilile kahle noma umkhuhlane kulezi zinsuku? Mhlawumbe umkhuhlane. Yisifo esizwakala sibi kakhulu kunomkhuhlane ovamile, kodwa siyini ngempela? Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi umkhuhlane. Singazivikela kanjani kuso, nokuthi yini okufanele siyenze uma siwuthola?

Iyini le flu (Influenza)?

Kalula nje, umkhuhlane ukutheleleka okuthinta uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula . Okusho ukuthi, uthinta kakhulu ikhala lakho, umphimbo, namaphaphu. Imbangela yalokhu igciwane. Leli gciwane lisakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu lisuka komunye umuntu liye komunye. Leli gciwane lomkhuhlane lisakazeka kaningi phakathi nezinyanga zezulu ezibandayo . Emazweni afana neMelika, libizwa ngokuthi isikhathi somkhuhlane kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMeyi. Nasezweni lakithi, singabona ukuqubuka kwalokhu ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngakho-ke, lokhu akuyona nje umkhuhlane, kodwa kuyinto okudingeka icatshangelwe.

Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane?

Uma uthola umkhuhlane, uzizwa ungcono kakhulu kunokuba ubungazizwa uma unesifo somkhuhlane. Kwabaningi abantu, igciwane lomkhuhlane aliqali ukukhombisa izimpawu kuze kube cishe ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemva kokuba ulitholile. Ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Umkhuhlane omkhulu ngokuzumayo
• Umzimba wami uyabanda, imilenze yami iyathuthumela .
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
• Umzimba wami wonke uyabuhlungu, ikakhulukazi imisipha yami.
• Njengesiyezi
• Isifiso sokudla
• Ukukhathala, umuzwa wobuthakathaka
• Ukukhwehlela
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ukuvuza koketshezi
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Ubuthakathaka
• Ubuhlungu bendlebe
• Ngezinye izikhathi isifo sohudo

Uma izingane ezincane zithola umkhuhlane, zingase zithukuthele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile , noma zingase zibonakale 'zingazizwa kahle.' Njengoba zingakwazi ukukhuluma kahle, kubalulekile ngabazali ukuba baqaphele kakhulu lezi zimpawu.

Kungani lomkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) uvela?

Igama elithi umkhuhlane livela egciwaneni eliwubangelayo - igciwane lomkhuhlane . Lisakazeka kalula kakhulu. Leli gciwane lisezinhlansini ezincane eziphuma lapho othile ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Uma abanye abantu bewaphefumula, ayatheleleka. Cabanga nje, uma othile ethimula endaweni yakini, igciwane lingakufinyelela ngemizuzwana embalwa!

Akukhona lokho kuphela, la ma-virus angatholakala ezintweni ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, imali, izibambo zamabhasi, izinqola zokuthenga, njll. Uma umuntu ethinta lezo zindawo bese ethinta ikhala, umlomo, noma amehlo akhe ngesandla esifanayo, igciwane lingangena emzimbeni.

Ingabe umkhuhlane usifo esithathelwanayo? Usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani ?

Yebo, umkhuhlane uyisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu . Umuntu angawusabalalisa kwabanye kusukela ngosuku olungaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziphela. Kumuntu omdala, lokhu kungaba cishe isonto. Kodwa izingane ezincane zingathelelana isikhathi eside nakakhulu. Yingakho kunconywa ukuthi uhlale ekhaya uma unomkhuhlane, ukuze uvikele abanye.

Umkhuhlane uvame ukwenzeka njengobhubhane minyaka yonke. Ubhubhane luwukusabalala okusheshayo kwesifo kubantu abaningi endaweni ethile ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kweminye iminyaka, lo bhubhane ungaba mubi kakhulu, usakazeke endaweni enkulu. Lapho ubhubhane olunjalo lusakazeka emhlabeni wonke, lubizwa ngokuthi ubhubhane . Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Kwakukhona ubhubhane olukhulu lwe-influenza ezintathu ekhulwini lama-20, futhi kube nobhubhane olulodwa kuphela ekhulwini lama-21, igciwane le-influenza A `(H1N1)` elaphuma ngo-2009.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unesifo sofuba?

Ngokuvamile, odokotela bangabona ukuthi ingane inomkhuhlane ngokubheka nje ukubukeka kwayo, ngoba izingane ezincane ezinomkhuhlane zivame ukubukeka zigula kakhulu futhi zilusizi.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izifo ezingabangela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane. Ngakho-ke, uma udokotela efuna ukuqiniseka ukuthi umkhuhlane, angenza isivivinyo. Bazosebenzisa i-cotton swab ende (`(swab)`) ukuthatha isampula ye-mucus ekhaleni lakho noma emphinjeni. Ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela itholakala ngokushesha, noma kungathatha isikhathi uma uyithumela elebhu.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma uthola umkhuhlane? Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Izingane eziningi kanye nabantu abadala abathola umkhuhlane bayalulama ekhaya. Uma wena noma ingane yakho nithola umkhuhlane, nazi ezinye izinto okufanele nizikhumbule:

• Phuza amanzi amaningi kanye noketshezi (njengejusi, iphalishi, isobho) ukuze uvimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni .
• Lala kahle futhi uphumule ngokwanele. Yeka ukugijima udlala, yeka ukusebenza isikhashana. Ukuphumula kubaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni.
• Ungathatha/unikeze i-paracetamol noma i-ibuprofen ukunciphisa umkhuhlane nokuqeda izinhlungu zomzimba.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungalokothi unike izingane ezincane kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha i-aspirin (ikakhulukazi labo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-19). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ihlotshaniswa nesimo esiyingozi kakhulu, esingase sibe yingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Reye syndrome . Lokhu kuthinta isibindi nobuchopho.

• Uma ugqoka, gqoka izendlalelo ezilula ukuzisusa. Uma unomkhuhlane, ungase uzizwe ubanda ngesinye isikhathi kanti kwesinye uzizwa ushisa.

Izingane ezine-flu kufanele zigcinwe kude nesikole kanye nenkulisa kuze kube yilapho sezingcono. Kufanele zibuyiselwe esikoleni, ngaphandle kwemithi yokwehlisa umkhuhlane, ngemva kokuba sezingenawo umkhuhlane okungenani amahora angama-24 . Ezinye izingane kungadingeka zihlale ekhaya isikhathi eside. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu enganeni yakho.

Kunini lapho kudingeka khona ukwelashwa?

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ingane yakho igula kakhulu, noma uma isengozini enkulu yezimpawu ezinzima (sizoxoxa ngalokho kamuva), odokotela bangase bakunike imithi yokulwa namagciwane . Lo muthi unganciphisa isikhathi somkhuhlane ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu, kufanele uthathwe ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu zomkhuhlane ziqala.Lo muthi kufanele uqalwe zingakapheli amahora angu-48 . Uma udokotela wakho enikeza ingane yakho umuthi wokulwa namagciwane, buza ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Okubalulekile: Odokotela abanikezi ama-antibiotic omkhuhlane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-antibiotic asebenza kuphela ngokumelene namagciwane, hhayi amagciwane. Njengoba umkhuhlane uyigciwane, ama-antibiotic ngeke asebenze.

Ingabe umkhuhlane ungabangela ezinye izinkinga? Ubani osengozini enkulu?

Yebo, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuba nezinkinga uma bethola umkhuhlane. Lokho kusho ukuthi bangathola izimo ezibucayi kakhulu kunomkhuhlane nje kuphela. La maqembu ayingozi afaka:

• Izingane ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala, ikakhulukazi izinsana (ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-6) .
• Abantu abanesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka . Lokhu kufaka phakathi abantu abasebenzisa i-chemotherapy noma ama-steroid isikhathi eside, noma abantu abanezifo ezifana nokutheleleka nge-HIV noma umdlavuza.
• Abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona njenge-asthma noma isifo sikashukela.
• Izingane noma abantu abasha abaphuza i-aspirin njalo.
• Abantu abakhuluphele kakhulu .
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma omama abasanda kuthola umntwana (ikakhulukazi phakathi namasonto amabili bebelethile).
• Abantu abasezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside njengasemakhaya asebekhulile.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.

Uma laba bantu bethola umkhuhlane, ukugula kwabo kungaba kubi kakhulu. Bangaba nezimo ezifana ne-pneumonia noma ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezingenza kube kubi nakakhulu. Uma lokho kwenzeka, abantu abaningi kuzodingeka balaliswe esibhedlela. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukuhlanganisa laba bantu nanoma ubani onomkhuhlane noma onezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane.

Uma umuntu enezimpawu zomkhuhlane, kungcono ukuhlala kude nabantu abangase bagule kakhulu uma bethola umkhuhlane.

Umkhuhlane uhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Umkhuhlane kanye nezinye izimpawu zomkhuhlane (njengomphimbo obuhlungu kanye nokukhathala) zivame ukuphela zingakapheli isonto noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase bakhwehlele noma bazizwe bengaphilile isikhashana ngemva kwalokho. Lokhu kungase kuhlale amasonto amaningana.

Awukwazi yini ukuvimbela ukuthola umkhuhlane?

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ngokuphelele ukuthola umkhuhlane. Kodwa ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane minyaka yonke kungasiza. Wonke umuntu kufanele athole lo muthi njalo ngonyaka kusukela eneminyaka eyi-6 .

Kungcono ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ngaphambi kokuba kuqale isizini yomkhuhlane, okungaphambi kokuphela kuka-Okthoba (ezweni lakithi, lapho odokotela bewuncoma khona). Kodwa uma ungakwazi ukuwuthola, ungawuthola kamuva, lapho igciwane lomkhuhlane lisakazeka. Odokotela abaningi bazonikeza umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane kuze kube uMeyi uma igciwane lomkhuhlane lisasakazeka.

Izingane zingathola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ngesikhathi esifanayo neminye imijovo yazo, njengomjovo we-COVID-19 noma umuthi wokugomela i-RSV. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane yakho igula, inomkhuhlane, noma izizwa ingaphilile, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kufanele yini uhlehlise umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane.

Njengakwamanye amagciwane amaningi, izinto ezifana nokugeza izandla zakho kahle futhi kaningi, ukugqoka imaski yobuso (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi), nokugwema abantu abagulayo kungakusiza ekuvikeleni ekutholeni umkhuhlane.

Yini enye engenziwa?

Uma othile emndenini wakho ene-flu, angenza lezi zinto ukuvimbela ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye:

• Ungalokothi wabelane ngezinkomishi zakho, amapuleti, izinto zokusanhlamvu, noma amathawula nabanye.
• Hlala ekhaya ungasebenzi noma esikoleni uze uzizwe ungcono. Lokhu kuhle empilweni yakho futhi kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kwabanye.
• Uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula, vala umlomo wakho nekhala ngethishu , bese ulahla ithishu emgqonyeni kadoti.
• Uma ungenalo ilaphu eliseceleni, prakthiza ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula engalweni yakho engenhla (njengendololwane yakho) kunokuba ukwenze ngesandla sakho . Lokhu kuzonciphisa amathuba okuthi igciwane lingene ezandleni zakho.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule?

Kulungile, sesikhulume kakhulu nge-influenza. Ngamafuphi, nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzikhumbule nakanjani:

• Umkhuhlane uyinkinga enkulu kunomkhuhlane ovamile, ngakho-ke qaphela izimpawu.
• Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane minyaka yonke kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela, ikakhulukazi uma useqenjini elisengozini enkulu.
• Ukuzijwayeza imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka (ukugeza izandla, ukugqoka imaski yobuso, kanye nokuhlanzeka kwezandla okufanele) kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukusabalala kwalesi sifo.
• Uma wena noma ingane yakho ithola umkhuhlane, phumula ngokwanele, phuza uketshezi, bese uphuza imithi yokubulala izinhlungu efana ne-paracetamol noma i-ibuprofen yomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba. Ungalokothi unike izingane (ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-19 ubudala i-aspirin).
• Gcina abantu abasemaqenjini asengozini enkulu (izingane ezincane, asebekhulile, abantu abanezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona) kude nabantu abanomkhuhlane.
• Uma izimpawu zinzima kakhulu (isib. ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, isiyezi esiqhubekayo, ukuhlanza okukhulu), uma umkhuhlane ungapheli ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, noma uma unenkinga , qiniseka ukuthi ucela iseluleko sikadokotela.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ungazivikela wena nomndeni wakho kumkhuhlane. Hlala uphilile!

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