Odokotela abasindisa izimpilo ezimweni eziphuthumayo: Ubani uDokotela Wezokwelapha Eziphuthumayo?

Akekho kithi othanda izingozi, akunjalo? Kodwa uma ingozi yenzeke ngesikhathi esingalindelekile, kuneqembu lodokotela abangochwepheshe abakhona ukusindisa izimpilo zethu. Labo yibo esibabiza ngokuthi odokotela abahlinzayo abangochwepheshe . Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngokuthi bangobani laba dokotela, benzani, nokuthi babaluleke kangakanani ezimpilweni zethu.

Ubani uDokotela Wezokwelapha Eziphuthumayo?

Kalula nje, `(Udokotela Ohlinzayo Ohlukunyeziwe)` ungudokotela onekhono eliphezulu owenza ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo kokulimala okukhulu kanye nezimo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo ezingasongela impilo. Cabanga nje, uma unengozi enkulu futhi ulimele kabi, lo `(Udokotela Ohlinzayo Ohlukunyeziwe)` ungumholi wethimba lezokwelapha elikunakekelayo. Leli thimba lingafaka phakathi abasebenzi beyunithi ethi `Critical Care``, abanye ochwepheshe bokuhlinzwa, njll. Futhi kungumthwalo wabo wemfanelo ukuhlola ukululama kwakho ngemva kokuhlinzwa nokuxhumana nodokotela womndeni wakho (`Primary Care Physician`). Ngezinye izikhathi laba odokotela babizwa nangokuthi ``Acute Care Surgeon`` noma `Critical Care Surgeon``.

Yiziphi ukulimala kanye nezifo eziyinhloko eziphathwa yilaba ochwepheshe?

Ubuwazi ukuthi minyaka yonke, izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke ziyalimala ezingozini futhi zigcine zisezibhedlela? Lesi simo asihlukile eSri Lanka. Nakuba laba "odokotela abahlinzayo abahlukumezekile" beqeqeshwe ukwelapha izinhlobo ezahlukene zokulimala, kunezimo ezimbalwa abavame ukubhekana nazo futhi bazelapha:

Ukulimala Kwamandla Okungacacile

Lokhu ukulimala okwenzeka lapho into ikushayisa kanzima (`Blunt Force Trauma`). Cabanga ngezinto ezifana nengozi yemoto, ukuwa usuka endaweni ephakeme, noma into esindayo ewela emzimbeni wakho. Lezi yizikhathi lapho ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo kuvame ukudingeka khona. Ngoba umonakalo ongaphakathi ungase ube mubi kakhulu kunalokho obonakala ngaphandle.

Ukulimala Okungenelayo

Lokhu ukulimala okubangelwa yinto ebukhali engena esikhumbeni bese ingena emzimbeni (`Ukulimala Okungenayo`). Izibonelo zifaka phakathi inxeba lokudutshulwa, inxeba lokugwazwa ngommese noma esinye isikhali esibukhali, noma ukugilwa ngento ebukhali. Ekulimaleni okunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka ukopha ngokushesha nokuhlola umonakalo ezithweni zangaphakathi.

Ukulimala Kokusha

Laba odokotela belapha ukusha okukhulu okubangelwa umlilo, uketshezi olushisayo, kanye nomusi (`ukusha okushisayo`). Baphinde belapha ukusha okubangelwa amakhemikhali (`ukusha kwamakhemikhali`), umonakalo wamaphaphu obangelwa ukuhogela umusi onobuthi, kanye 'nokushisa okubandayo', okuwukufa kwesikhumba nezicubu ngenxa yokubanda okukhulu.

Ukuhlinzwa Okuphuthumayo Okuvamile kanye Nokunakekelwa Okubucayi

Abaningi `(Udokotela Ohlinzayo Wezingozi)` nabanyeBaphinde bahileleke ekuhlinzweni okuphuthumayo. Isibonelo, bangenza ukuhlinzwa kwezimo ezisongela ukuphila njengokuvaleka kwamathumbu. Bangasiza futhi ekwelapheni izimo ezibucayi ezenzeka ngenkathi usesibhedlela kakade, njenge-sepsis (ukutheleleka okukhulu okubangelwa ubuthi egazini), ukwehluleka kokuphefumula, noma ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha eziphuthumayo kanye nokuhlinzwa ezivame kakhulu ezenziwa yilaba odokotela?

Uma kwenzeka ingozi, "uDokotela Ohlinzayo Ohlukumezekile" wenza izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha nokuhlinzwa okusindisa impilo, eyedwa noma ngokubambisana nabanye ochwepheshe. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• I-Emergency Thoracostomy: Le nqubo (`Emergency Thoracostomy`) ingenziwa uma isifuba sakho (esizungeze amaphaphu) sigcwele igazi noma uma iphaphu liwa ngokuzumayo (`Lung Collapse`). Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza ukusika okuncane esikhumbeni sesifuba bese kufakwa ``Chest Tube``, ipayipi, lapho kukhishwa khona igazi noma umoya.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwesifuba Okuphuthumayo: Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okukhulu. Kwenzelwa ukulimala kwesifuba okungathi sína, okusongela ukuphila noma njengenqubo ephuthumayo yokulimala kwesifuba okunye. Isifuba siyavulwa bese izitho ezonakele ziyalungiswa.
• I-Laparotomy Ephuthumayo: Lokhu kuhilela ukusika okuqondile phakathi kwesisu sakho (`I-Laparotomy Ephuthumayo`). Lokhu kungenziwa ukwelapha ukulimala okukhulu kwesisu, ukuvimba ukopha kwangaphakathi, noma njengengxenye ye-appendectomy ephuthumayo.
• Ukopha ngokweqile kanye nokulawula amanxeba: Uma isikhumba singena futhi siphuma igazi kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ezifana nenxeba lokudutshulwa, inxeba lokugwazwa, noma into ebukhali, omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko yalaba odokotela ukulawula ukopha, ukuhlanza inxeba, nokulithunga uma kudingeka .
• Ukusebenzisana Nokuhlinzwa Kwezinzwa: Odokotela abahlinzayo bezehlakalo zokulimala bavame ukusebenza ngokubambisana nodokotela abahlinzayo bezehlakalo zokulimala kobuchopho, ikakhulukazi ukwelapha ukulimala kwekhanda, njenge-subdural hematomas kanye nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu.

Umuntu uba kanjani uDokotela Wezokwelapha Eziphuthumayo?

Ukuba uchwepheshe onjengalona akulula. Kudinga umsebenzi onzima, ukuzinikela, kanye nesikhathi eside semfundo. Isibonelo, ezweni elifana neMelika, ukuba "uDokotela Ohlinzayo Wezimo Eziphuthumayo" kuvame ukuthatha iminyaka eyi-13 kuya kweyi-15 yemfundo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Iziqu zesayensi eziyisisekelo zeminyaka emine.
• Imfundo yesikole sezokwelapha yeminyaka emine (iziqu zezokwelapha).
• Uhlelo lokuhlala iminyaka emihlanu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, bathola ukuqeqeshwa kwabo okuningi ekuhlinzeni okuvamile.
• Lokhu kulandelwa uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile lonyaka owodwa noma emibili (`Uhlelo Lokubambisana`). Yilapho uthola khona ulwazi kanye nokuqeqeshwa ku-`Critical Care` kanye ne-`Trauma`.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kokuhlala, kufanele futhi uhlanganyele ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha unyaka owodwa kuya kwemithathu.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, kumele baphumelele izivivinyo zelayisensi yezokwelapha zezwe elifanele (njenge-'US Medical Licensing Examination'). Kumele futhi bathole isitifiketi sokuhlinzwa esijwayelekile kanye nesitifiketi esingaphansi kochwepheshe 'ku-Surgical Critical Care' ezivela kumabhodi ezokwelapha akhethekile (njenge-'American Board of Surgery').

Abanye odokotela abahlinzayo abahlinzayo bathola nokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe ekwelapheni izehlakalo zokulimala kwabantu abaningi , okungukuthi, lapho abantu abaningi belimala esigamekweni esisodwa (isib. ukuqhuma kwebhomu, inhlekelele yemvelo embi, ingozi enkulu yemoto).

Uyini umehluko phakathi kukaDokotela Ojwayelekile kanye noDokotela Ohlinzayo Ohlukunyeziwe?

Lona futhi umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Wonke umuntu `(uDokotela Wezimo Eziphuthumayo)` okokuqala nangokuyinhloko ungudokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile. Lokho kusho ukuthi bathole ukuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo ekuhlinzeni okuvamile. Kodwa umehluko omkhulu ukuthi `(uDokotela Wezimo Eziphuthumayo)` uphinde wathola ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile (`Ubudlelane`) ekunakekelweni okubucayi kanye nokuhlukumezeka, futhi uthole `Isitifiketi Sokunakekelwa Okubucayi Kokuhlinzwa` salokho. Ngakho-ke, banekhono elikhethekile lokwelapha ukulimala okuphuthumayo, okusongela ukuphila.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesikhungo sokulimala kanye nesibhedlela esivamile?

`(Isikhungo Sokuhlukumezeka)`, okungukuthi, isikhungo sokwelapha esikhethekile sezimo eziphuthumayo, yindawo ehluke kancane esibhedlela esivamile. Into eyinhloko ukuthi `(Isikhungo Sokuhlukumezeka)` sinabasebenzi bezokwelapha abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile, okuhlanganisa nochwepheshe `(Udokotela Ohlinzayo Wezimo Eziphuthumayo), ongabizwa amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto. Futhi, lezi zikhungo zinakho konke umuntu oye wehlelwa yingozi akudingayo, njengemishini `yesimanje`, izindawo zokulondoloza igazi, amagumbi okuhlinzwa ezimo eziphuthumayo, njll. ESri Lanka, amayunithi ezimo eziphuthumayo ezibhedlela ezinkulu ezinjengalesi nawo asebenza ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

Ingabe laba odokotela bahlinza wonke amanxeba? Ingabe basebenza bodwa?

Odokotela abahlinzayo abahlinzayo ngenxa yokulimala bayingxenye ebalulekile yeqembu elikhulu lezokwelapha.Bavame ukusebenzisana eduze nodokotela abahlinza izinzwa kanye nodokotela abahlinza amathambo, ngoba engozini enkulu, ubuchopho, umgogodla, noma amathambo kungalimaza. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukwesekwa kochwepheshe abafanele kubalulekile. Baphinde basebenze nodokotela, abahlengikazi, kanye nabanye abasebenzi bezempilo ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo ukwelapha abantu abalimele kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuwumzamo weqembu.

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule

Akekho kithi olindele ukubhekana nengozi noma adinge ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngenxa yesifo esisongela ukuphila. Kodwa, ngokungalindelekile, izigidi zabantu zibhekana nalezi zinto minyaka yonke, ezidinga 'Ukunakekelwa Okubalulekile' okuphuthumayo.

Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, empini ephakathi kokuphila nokufa, yilaba "odokotela abahlinzayo abahlukumezekile" abasemaceleni angaphambili abalwela ukusindisa izimpilo.

Banokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okubalulekile. Bangakwazi ukubona ngokushesha izimo ezahlukahlukene ezisongela ukuphila futhi benze ukwelashwa nokuhlinzwa okudingekayo. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo eke wadinga ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo wezinkinga zokulimala, kanye nabanye odokotela, bazoba yithimba elizokunakekela uze ululame. Yingakho izinsizakalo zalaba odokotela zingenakuqhathaniswa ngempela. Bafana namaqhawe angaziwa emphakathini wethu.

Izingozi , Odokotela Abahlinzayo, Odokotela Abahlinzayo Abanengozi, Ukwelashwa Okuphuthumayo, Ukulimala, Ukuhlinzwa, Abaqaphi Bokuphila