I-atherosclerosis yisimo lapho imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi enhliziyweni yakho incipha kancane kancane futhi ivinjwe yizinqwaba zamafutha. Uma lesi simo siba sibi kakhulu, singabangela ubuhlungu besifuba nobunzima bokuphefumula. Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kokuqala kwalesi simo imithi. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, imithi yodwa ayikwazi ukulawula lesi simo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, odokotela banquma ukwenza okunye okwengeziwe, okungukuthi, ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezindlela ezimbili zokwelapha eziyinhloko.
Indlela yokuqala: i-Angioplasty kanye ne-Stenting
Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Kalula nje, ihilela ukuvula umthambo wegazi ovalekile ngaphakathi. Indlela okwenziwa ngayo iyathakazelisa kakhulu.
Okokuqala, udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-X-ray okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Coronary Angiogram." Lokhu kungabona kahle ukuthi imithambo yegazi esenhliziyweni ivaliwe kuphi nokuthi ingakanani. Ngemuva kwalokho, ithubhu elincane kakhulu (i-catheter) lidluliselwa emthanjeni wegazi omkhulu engalweni noma emlenzeni liye emthanjeni wegazi ovaliwe enhliziyweni. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokucophelela kakhulu.
Okulandelayo, kufakwa uketshezi olukhethekile (udayi) ngaleli payipi. Lolu ketshezi lubonakala kahle esikrinini se-X-ray, ngakho-ke indawo eqondile yokuvaleka ingabonwa. Manje umsebenzi wangempela uqala.
Ibhaluni elincane elisesiqongweni sethubhu liyafuthwa endaweni lapho kuvimbeke khona. Lokhu kuvula umthambo omncane, onciphile futhi kuvumela ukugeleza kwegazi ukuthi kubuyele esimweni esijwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokuba ibhaluni selifuthwe futhi umthambo uvuliwe, kufakwa ithubhu elincane eline-mesh ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi imbobo ingaphinde ivaleke. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "i-stent." Le stent ifana nesiphethu esifakwa ngaphakathi kwepayipi, esiza ukugcina umthambo uvulekile.
Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ubuhlungu besifuba obuvamile (`Angina`) nokuvula ngokushesha umthambo ovalekile ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Inengozi encane yezinkinga, futhi ungalulama ngokushesha bese ubuyela ekhaya ngosuku olulodwa.
Indlela yesibili: Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Coronary Bypass
Lokhu kuwumsebenzi omkhulu kancane. Igama elithi ``Bypass`` lisho ukuthi "umgwaqo ozungezayo". Kwenzeka into efanayo lapha. Ake sithi kukhona ukuminyana okukhulu kwezimoto emgwaqweni, futhi azikho izimoto ezihambayo. Bese esikwenzayo ukwakha umgwaqo omusha, umgwaqo oseceleni, ukuze udlule lowo mjamo wezimoto. Yilokho kanye okwenzekayo emsebenzini wokuminyana.
Udokotela ohlinzayo uthatha ingxenye yomthambo wegazi ophilile odongeni lwakho lomlenze, ingalo, noma isifuba.Bayayithatha. Bese, basebenzisa leyo ngxenye yepayipi ukuze badlule umthambo ovalekile enhliziyweni bese benza igazi ligeleze ngendlela entsha. Okusho ukuthi, baxhuma le payipi entsha ngaphezulu nangaphansi kokuvaleka. Bese igazi ligeleza ngale "ndlela entsha yokudlula" esikhundleni sokudlula endaweni evalekile.
Odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi "Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting" noma "CABG" ngamafuphi. Abantu bethu bakubiza nangokuthi "ukuhlinzwa kweklabishi" ngolimi lwabo oluvamile.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kunikeza impumuzo ebalulekile ebuhlungwini besifuba. Kungasiza futhi ekwandiseni impilo yabantu abanesifo sikashukela noma labo abanemithambo yegazi evalekile kakhulu.
Kodwa khumbula, lokhu ukuhlinzwa okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungathatha amasonto, ngisho nezinyanga, ukululama. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kwesimanje okungenziwa ngokusika okuncane kusacwaningwa okwamanje.
I-Stent? I-Bypass? Yikuphi okungcono kuwe?
Manje ungase uzibuze, "Ingabe ukuhlinzwa nge-stenting noma nge-bypass kungcono kimi?" Ayikho impendulo elula. Leso sinqumo sincike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa isimo sakho, inani lemithambo yegazi evalekile, kanye nohlobo lwayo. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukwenza leso sinqumo. Ake siqhathanise izinzuzo nezingozi zalezi zinketho ezimbili.
| Ukucabangela | Ukufaka i-stenting | Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass (CABG) |
|---|---|---|
| Isikhathi sokuphila lapho imigudu eminingi ivaliwe | Abukho ubufakazi obucacile bokuthi kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila. Kungcono kakhulu ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula izimpawu. | Kuhle kakhulu. Kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwalabo abanemithambo yegazi evalekile kakhulu. |
| Ukuqeda ubuhlungu besifuba (i-Angina) | Ilawula ubuhlungu kahle kakhulu, kodwa ubuhlungu bungaphinde bubuye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. | Ilawula ubuhlungu kahle kakhulu futhi inganikeza impumuzo yesikhathi eside kune-stents. |
| Uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo (ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo) | Kuhle kakhulu. Kungenziwa ngemizuzu embalwa, ukuze ugweme izingozi nesikhathi sokululama sokuhlinzwa okukhulu. | Akuvamile ukusetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Kudinga isikhathi esiningi nokulungiselela. |
| Isikhathi sokutakula | Isikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Cishe ungaya ekhaya ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. | Kuthatha isikhathi. Kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela emavikini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ukululama ngokuphelele. |
Ezinye izindlela zokuhlinzwa kwe-atherectomy
Akuvamile kakhulu, kunezimo lapho kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela ngaphezu kwama-stents noma ama-bypasses. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ungqimba olunamafutha (i-plaque) ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
- Ukususwa Kwe-Rotational: Ithuluzi elineziqongo zedayimane lijikeleziswa ngesivinini esikhulu, licola ungqimba olunamafutha oluqinile.
- I-Directional Atherectomy: I-blade ejikelezayo isika ungqimba olunamafutha, ithathe izingcezu ziyiswe ku-catheter, bese izisusa emzimbeni.
Nakuba lezi zindlela zizwakala zinhle, azisebenzi kahle njenge-stent noma i-bypasses. Zivame ukusetshenziswa kuphela ukususa imithambo yegazi kancane ngaphambi kokufaka i-stent.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa? Ake siqale impilo kabusha!
Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Khumbula, ngoba nje une-stent noma i-bypass, ayivimbeli inqubo ye-atherosclerosis. Kususa kuphela ukuvaleka okukhulu okukhona. Lokhu kungenzeka nakweminye imithambo yegazi.
Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokwelashwa okunje, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu kunangaphambili. Kubalulekile ukushintsha indlela yakho yokuphila nokusebenzisa imithi njengoba nje udokotela ekuyalele.
Umuthi obalulekile
Ngokuvamile, ngemva kwalolu hlobo lokwelashwa, udokotela uzokunikeza imithi eminingana ongayithatha nsuku zonke.
- Imithi yohlobo lwe-statin: Yehlisa izinga le-cholesterol embi egazini.
- I-aspirin: Ivimbela ukujiya kwegazi.
- Imithi efana ne-Clopidogrel, i-Prasugrel, i-Ticagrelor: Lena futhi imithi evimbela ukuqhekeka kwegazi. Ikakhulukazi kumuntu ofakelwe i-stent, le mithi ingadinga ukuthathwa isikhathi esingangenyanga eyodwa kuya onyakeni.
- Imithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi: ikakhulukazi imithi efana ne-`(Beta-blockers)` kanye ne-`(ACE inhibitors)`.
Imikhuba ebalulekile
- Ukuzivocavoca: Vivinya okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto. Ngisho nokuhamba ngezinyawo kuhle.
- Ukudla okuhle: Yidla okungenani izithelo nemifino izikhathi ezi-5 ngosuku. Nciphisa amafutha, usawoti kanye noshukela.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma ubhema, akukho neyodwa yalezi zindlela zokwelapha ezosebenza kahle.
Ngemva kwalokhu kwelashwa, uzozizwa sengathi usunempilo entsha. Le mikhuba izokusiza nakanjani ukuthi uphile leyo mpilo uphilile futhi ujabule.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-atherosclerosis yisimo sesikhathi eside. Ukwelashwa nge-stent noma nge-bypass kususa kuphela ukuvaleka okukhulu osekwenzekile, kodwa akwelaphi ngokuphelele lesi sifo.
- Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi i-stent noma i-bypass ikulungele yini, kuye ngezici ezifana nesimo sakho sempilo, inani lokuvinjelwa, kanye nokuphuthuma.
- Ngemva kwanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa, kubalulekile ukwenza izinguquko endleleni yakho yokuphila futhi uphuze imithi oyinikezwe udokotela njengoba nje uyalelwe ukuze uvimbele izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza, xoxa ngakho njalo nodokotela wakho , kunokwenza izinqumo ngokwakho. Ungalokothi uyeke noma ushintshe imithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha.
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