I-migraine ezwakala sengathi ikhanda lakho lizoqhuma, izibani zivele phambi kwamehlo akho, bese uzizwa sengathi usuzohlanza... Uyazazi lezi zindaba? Ngezinye izikhathi kufanele uhlale egumbini elimnyama nelithule usuku lonke, akunjalo? I-migraine ayiyona nje ikhanda elibuhlungu, yinto eyaziwa ngumuntu onalo kuphela. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lomuthi osetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-migraine. Leyo yi-Triptans.
Ayini amaTriptans?
Kalula nje, ama-Triptans awuhlobo lomuthi onikezwa ukuvimba ukuhlaselwa yi-migraine uma sekuqalile . Abhekwa njengokwelashwa kokuqala kwe-migraine. Ezimweni eziningi, le mithi ayivimbeli ukuhlaselwa yi-migraine, kodwa ingasiza ekulawuleni ubuhlungu nezinye izimpawu uma sekuqalile .
I-migraine akuyona nje ikhanda elibuhlungu. Yisimo sezinzwa esithinta ubuchopho bethu. Yingakho, ngaphezu kwekhanda elibuhlungu, kunezinto ezifana nokushintsha kombono, ukubona ukukhanya phambi kwamehlo ethu (aura), isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kanye nokuzwela ukukhanya nomsindo. Kwabanye, lezi zimpawu zinzima kakhulu kangangokuthi abakwazi ukwenza lutho ngaphandle kokulala phansi endaweni emnyama, ethule kuze kube yilapho i-migraine iphelile.
Ama-Triptans, atholakala ngawo-1980, aguqula kakhulu ukwelashwa kwe-migraines. I-triptan yokuqala, `(Sumatriptan)` yethulwa ngawo-1990. Amanye ama-triptan amaningana aqalwa kamuva.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-triptan ezikhona?
Okwamanje kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zama-triptan. Zonke zelapha i-migraines, kodwa ezinye zivunyelwe izinhlobo ezithile ze-migraines futhi zingasetshenziswa ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha. Indlela elula yokubona le mithi ukubheka isijobelelo esithi "-triptan" emagameni azo.
Ithebula elingezansi libala izinhlobo zama-triptan nokuthi angatholakala kanjani.
| Igama Lomuthi we-Triptan | Indlela yokuthola (Ifomu) |
|---|---|
| I-Almotriptan | Iphilisi lomlomo |
| I-Eletriptan | Iphilisi lomlomo |
| I-Frovatriptan | Iphilisi lomlomo |
| I-Naratriptan | Iphilisi lomlomo |
| I-Rizatriptan | Iphilisi lomlomo |
| I-Sumatriptan | Umlomo, Isifutho/impuphu yekhala, Umjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba |
| I-Zolmitriptan | Amaphilisi omlomo, i-nasal spray |
Lezi zidakamizwa ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-Triptans zisebenza kanjani ngempela?
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi lo muthi usebenza kanjani, sidinga ukuqonda okuncane ngendlela esizizwa ngayo ubuhlungu kanye nendlela i-migraines eyenzeka ngayo.
Ake sibheke ukuthi sizizwa kanjani ubuhlungu.
Zicabange ushaya umunwe wakho ndawana thize. Ubuhlungu abuzwiwa umunwe. Imizwa emunweni ithumela isignali ebuchosheni ithi, "Kukhona okulimele lapha." Ubuchopho buhumusha leso signali bube "ubuhlungu" futhi bukwenze uzizwe.
Ubuchopho bethu abunazo iziphetho zemizwa ezizwela ubuhlungu, yingakho ososayensi bengakaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi i-migraines yenzeka kanjani. Kodwa manje sebethole izindlela eziningana ezingaba nomthelela kulokhu.
Indaba ngemuva kwe-migraines
Kukholelwa ukuthi izici ezintathu eziyinhloko zibangela ukwenzeka kwe-migraines:
1. Ukusebenza kwe-neuron: Ubuchopho bethu, intambo yomgogodla, kanye nemizwa kwakhiwe ngamaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurons. Uma kwenzeka i-migraine, amanye ama-neurons ebuchosheni ayasha ngendlela ethile. Lokhu kusebenza kobuchopho yikho okusenza sizwe ubuhlungu kanye nezinye izimpawu ze-migraine.
2. Izinguquko ekujikelezeni kwegazi: Ngesikhathi se-migraine, imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni iyancipha futhi ivuleke. Lokhu kushintsha ukugeleza kwegazi. Njengoba ama-triptan ethinta le mithambo yegazi, lokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi kuyimbangela ye-migraine.
3. Ukuvuvukala:Ukuvuvukala kuyinqubo umzimba wethu oyisebenzisayo ukuzivikela nokuzelapha. Kutholakale nokuthi amakhemikhali abangela ukuvuvukala akhishwa ngesikhathi sokuqaqamba kwekhanda.
Ama-triptan ayithinta kanjani le nqubo?
Manje ake sibone ukuthi ama-Triptans angenelela kanjani kulokhu. Amaseli esimiso sethu sezinzwa axhumene ngamakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitters. Lawa afana nezihluthulelo. Amaseli ezinzwa anezingxenye ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-receptor. Lawa afana nezihluthulelo. Uma ukhiye ofanele (i-neurotransmitter) uxhumeka kukhiye ofanele (i-receptor), iseli lizosebenza.
Ama-Triptan asebenza ngokulingisa i-neurotransmitter serotonin ebuchosheni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi le mithi ibopha futhi isebenze ama-receptor e-serotonin. Athinta kakhulu izinhlobo ezintathu zama-receptor:
- Ama-receptor e-5HT1B: Lawa atholakala emithanjeni yegazi yobuchopho. Uma ama-triptan evula la ma-receptor, imithambo yegazi eye yavuleka ngokungadingekile ngenxa ye-migraines iyancipha. Lokhu kunciphisa ubuhlungu.
- Ama-receptor angu-5HT1D: Lawa atholakala ohlelweni lwezinzwa lwe-"Trigeminal", oluhilelekile ekuboneni kwethu ubuhlungu. Uma ama-triptan ewasebenzisa, ayayeka ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali abangela ubuhlungu.
- Ama-receptor angu-5HT1F: Lawa asiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukudluliselwa kwezimpawu zobuhlungu ebuchosheni.
Kalula nje, ama-triptan asebenza ngokukhulula imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni, avimbele ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali abangela ubuhlungu, futhi anciphise ukudluliselwa kwezimpawu zobuhlungu ebuchosheni. Zonke lezi zenzo ezintathu zisiza ukulawula izimpawu ze-migraine.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-Triptans?
Ama-Triptan anezinzuzo eziningi uma kuqhathaniswa nemithi yangaphambilini ye-migraine.
- Imiphumela emibi embalwa: Ama-Triptans anemiphumela emibi embalwa kunemithi emidala, futhi awabi yingozi kangako.
- Akulona umlutha: Eminye imithi yokwelapha izinhlungu zekhanda elibuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ama-opioid, ingaba umlutha. Kodwa-ke, ama-triptan awalona umlutha.
- Iphephile kakhulu: Ama-Triptan ngokuvamile ayiklasi lemithi ephephile kakhulu. Imithi efana ne-`(Sumatriptan)` iphephile kangangokuthi kwamanye amazwe ingathengwa ekhemisi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.
- Itholakala ngezindlela ezahlukene: Njengoba sibonile etafuleni elidlule, lezi zingatholakala ngezindlela ezahlukene njengamaphilisi, izifutho zamakhala, kanye nemijovo. Isifutho samakhala silula kakhulu kumuntu onenkinga yokugwinya iphilisi noma ohlanzayo.
Ingabe kukhona okungalungile, imiphumela emibi, kanye nezinkinga?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-Triptans anemiphumela emibi kanye nezinto okufanele uziqaphele.
Izinkinga ze-Triptan
Ububi obukhulu ukuthi azivimbeli i-migraine . Zisetshenziswa njengemithi yokutakula "ukuvimba" i-migraine ngemva kokuba isiqalile. Kodwa-ke, kunesimo esisodwa esikhethekile, leso yi-migraine yokuya esikhathini. Amanye ama-triptan angasiza ekuvimbeleni i-migraine uma ethathwa cishe ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini. Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngalokhu.
Enye into ukuthi akukuhle ukuzisebenzisa kakhulu . Abanye abantu badinga umthamo ongaphezu kowodwa womuthi ukuze banciphise ikhanda elibuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, uma uphuza ama-Triptans kaningi, ukusebenza kwawo kungase kwehle. Hhayi lokho kuphela, kodwa futhi ungathola "ikhanda elibuhlungu ngenxa yokusebenzisa umuthi ngokweqile" ngenxa yokusebenzisa umuthi ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa kuphela kumthamo onqunyiwe kanye nemvamisa, njengoba udokotela esho .
Imiphumela emibi evamile
Nakuba kungebona bonke abantu abathola le miphumela emibi lapho bethatha ama-triptan, abanye abantu bangase babhekane nayo.
| Umphumela Ongemuhle | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Isiyezi | Isiyezi |
| Ukozela noma ukukhathala | Ukozela noma ukukhathala |
| Isicanucanu | Isicanucanu |
| Ukuqaqamba ezandleni nasezinyaweni | Ukuqaqamba noma ukuba ndikindiki ezandleni/ezinyaweni `(Paresthesia)` |
| Ubuhlungu bentamo | Ubuhlungu bentamo |
| Ubuhlungu besifuba (akuvamile) | Ubuhlungu besifuba (akuvamile) |
Kunini lapho kungafanele uphuze khona ama-triptan?
Ama-Triptan awafanele abantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo (Izimo ezingahambisani nazo).
- Ukusebenzisana neminye imithi: Uma uthatha eminye imithi equkethe i-"Ergotamine" ye-migraines noma ezinye izimo, ingase isebenzise i-Triptans. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, amavithamini, kanye nezithasiselo ozithathayo .
- Isifo senhliziyo noma izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi: Ama-Triptans awafaneleki uma unesifo senhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki (umfutho wegazi ophakeme), noma isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle. Odokotela futhi abancomi le mithi uma uke waba noma usengozini yokuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, noma ama-TIA.
- Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa: Uma ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa, kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nokusebenzisa ama-triptan.
Kufanele ufune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?
Ukushayela nini udokotela ucingo
Uma unemiphumela emibi kakhulu evela kuma-triptan, uma ephazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, noma uma uzizwa sengathi umuthi obuwuthatha isikhathi eside awusasebenzi, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Angase akwazi ukukunikeza i-triptan ehlukile noma olunye uhlobo lokwelashwa.
Izimo ezidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo
Ama-Triptan abangela imiphumela emibi engavamile kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-1%), kodwa uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo zesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi, kufanele uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha .
Izimpawu ezihlobene nesifo senhliziyo:
- Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo (i-Tachycardia) noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane (i-Bradycardia)
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea)
Izimpawu ezihlobene nesifo sohlangothi:
Esinye sezimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo sohlangothi ukukhubazeka, ukungazweli, noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba (i-hemiplegia). Lezi zimpawu zingavela nakwezinye izimo ezinzima ze-migraine.
Akunakwenzeka ukunquma ekhaya ukuthi lesi sibonakaliso sibangelwa yi-migraine noma i-stroke. Ngakho-ke, uma uzizwa sengathi uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba wakho lulahlekelwa amandla, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala . Uma unesifo sohlangothi, njalo ngomzuzwana lapho ukwelashwa kubambezeleka khona kungabangela ukulimala kobuchopho unomphela.
Uma ungakaze ube ne-migraine ngaphambili futhi uzwa ikhanda elibuhlungu elinamandla elinezimpawu ezifana ne-stroke ezifana nalezi, cabanga ukuthi liphuthumayo.
Yimuphi uTriptan ongcono kakhulu kimi?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Ayikho into ebizwa ngokuthi "i-triptan engcono kakhulu." Umuthi osebenza kahle kakhulu komunye umuntu ungase ungasebenzi kahle komunye. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi i-triptan engcono kakhulu kuwe nokuthi ungayithatha kanjani (amaphilisi noma i-spray) ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwe-migraines yakho, ezinye izimo zakho zempilo, kanye neminye imithi oyithathayo .
Ngaphambi kokutholakala kwama-triptan, abantu abaphethwe yi-migraine babephila impilo enzima kakhulu. Namuhla, ngenxa yale mithi, izigidi zabantu azinazo izinhlungu ze-migraine futhi zingaphila impilo evamile. Uma uhlushwa yi-migraine, ungagcini nje ngokubekezelela ubuhlungu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ubone ukuthi ama-triptan angakusiza yini. Le mithi ingakusiza ukuthi uphile usuku lwakho ngendlela evamile, esikhundleni sokukhutshazwa yi-migraine.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-Triptans uhlobo lomuthi onikezwa ukulawula ubuhlungu nezimpawu ze-migraine uma isiqalile.
- Lokhu akuvimbeli i-migraine (ngaphandle kwe-migraine yokuya esikhathini). Kusebenza njengemithi "yokusiza".
- Ama-Triptan asebenza ngokukhulula imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni, ukuvimba izimpawu zobuhlungu, nokulawula i-migraines.
- Lo muthi uphephile kakhulu, awumlutha, futhi unemiphumela emibi embalwa kakhulu.
- Lezi azifanele abantu abanezimo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki. Tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyiphuzayo.
- Sebenzisa lokhu kuphela kumthamo kanye nemvamisa enconywe udokotela wakho. Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile kungandisa ubuhlungu bekhanda.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu ezinzima njengobuhlungu besifuba noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo (ETU) ngokushesha.
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