Ingabe ingane yakho yomile kakhulu ngokuzumayo futhi ichama njalo? Ingabe isiqalile ukumanzisa umbhede ebusuku? Noma ingabe yehlisa isisindo naphezu kokudla kahle? Ungazinaki lezi zinto njengezivamile. Lezi kungaba izimpawu zokuqala zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Type 1 Diabetes. Lesi yisimo sokuphila konke esingathinta izingane ezincane, abantu abadala abasebasha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abantu abadala. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe.
Kalula nje, siyini isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1?
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 yisifo esibangelwa inkinga ngesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, yisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba . Ngokuvamile, isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela silwa namagciwane abangela izifo. Kodwa kulokhu, isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela siyaphambuka bese siqala ukubhubhisa amaseli e-pancreas ethu enza i-hormone i-insulin.
Cabanga nge-insulin njengesihluthulelo esivula iminyango yamaseli emzimbeni wethu. Ukuze ushukela (i-glucose) ekudleni esikudlayo ungene emaselini njengamandla, lesi sihluthulelo se-insulin siyadingeka ngempela. Ngakho-ke lapho lawo maseli ebhujiswa, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuyama ngokuphelele. Okwenzekayo ukuthi ushukela osegazini awukwazi ukungena emaselini futhi uqongelela egazini. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi izinga likashukela egazini eliphakeme (i-hyperglycemia). Uma lokhu kungalawulwa, kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni.
Lesi akusona isifo esibangelwa yiphutha lakho noma lengane yakho. Izinto ezifana nalokho okudlayo nokuphuzayo, indlela yokuphila, njll. azinawo umthelela kulokhu. Lena inkinga eyenzeka emzimbeni ngokwawo.
Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1? Uzibona kanjani?
Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuqala kancane kancane futhi zingaba zimbi kakhulu ezinsukwini noma emavikini ambalwa. Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho enalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uthole iseluleko.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukoma ngokweqile | Ukuzizwa sengathi awutholi amanzi anele ngisho nangemva kokuwaphuza, futhi unomlomo owomile ngaso sonke isikhathi. |
| Ukuchama njalo | Amanabukeni ezingane ezincane ahlala egcwele. Izingane ezazingajwayele ukumanzisa umbhede ebusuku ziqala ukumanzisa umbhede. |
| Indlala enkulu | Ukulamba ngokushesha ngisho nangemva kokudla. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukwehlisa isisindo naphezu kokudla kahle. |
| Ukukhathala nokukhathala | Ukuzizwa ukhathele njalo ngisho noma ungenzi lutho. |
| Umbono ofiphele | Ukuzwa sengathi umbono wakho awucacile. |
| Ukupholisa amanxeba okulibaziseka | Ngisho nokusikeka okuncane noma ukuklwebheka kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphola. |
| Ukutheleleka kwemvubelo yesitho sangasese sowesifazane kwabesifazane | Ukulunywa njalo kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo. |
| Izimpawu eziphuthumayo (isimo se-DKA) - Uma zikhona, hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha! | |
| Iphunga elimnandi lomoya | Umoya onuka njengomshini wokususa i-nail polish. |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Ukucanuzela nokuhlanza njalo. |
| Isisu esibuhlungu | Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Ukuphefumula okusheshayo | Isivinini sokuphefumula esikhulayo. |
| Ukudideka kanye nokulala ngokweqile | Ukungabikezeleki kanye nokukhathala okukhulu. |
Lezi zimpawu eziphuthumayo zibonisa isimo esisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Uma ubona into efana nale, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Iyini imbangela?
Ososayensi abakayazi imbangela eqondile yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi sibangelwa inhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo kanye nezici zemvelo .
Kalula nje, umuntu angase abe nesifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Khona-ke, igciwane noma into ethile emvelweni ingase ibangele uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba ukuthi luhlasele ngendlela engafanele.
Uma othile emndenini enalesi sifo, ingozi yokuba abanye basithole iphakeme kancane.
- Uma kungekho muntu emndenini onaso, ingozi icishe ibe ngu-1 kwabangu-250.
- Uma umama enayo, ingozi iphakathi koyedwa kwabangu-25 kanye noyedwa kwabayi-100.
- Uma ubaba enayo, ingozi ingu-1 kwabayi-17.
- Uma bobabili abazali benayo, ingozi ingaba phakathi koyedwa kwabayi-10 kanye noyedwa kwabayi-4.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1?
Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini angalawulwa isikhathi eside angalimaza izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini esezingeni elifanele.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona:
- Izinkinga zamehlo: izinto ezifana nokulahlekelwa umbono (i-retinopathy), ama-cataract.
- Izinkinga zezinyawo: Ukuba ndikindiki emilenzeni, amanxeba angapholi futhi abe makhulu.
- Isifo senhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.
- Isifo sezinso: Ukulimala kwezinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ukulimala kwemizwa (i-Neuropathic): Izinto ezifana nokungazweli kanye nokuthuthumela ezithweni.
- Izifo zesikhumba: Isikhumba esomile, izifo ezivame ukutheleleka.
- Ingozi eyengeziwe yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi .
Esikhundleni sokwesaba lezi zinto, khumbula ukuthi ungazivikela cishe kuzo zonke lezi zinkinga ngokulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho kahle. Futhi, ukuphila nalesi sifo kungabangela ukucindezeleka nokucindezeleka. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunakekela impilo yakho yengqondo kanye nempilo yakho yomzimba . Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha uma kudingeka.
Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo ngokunembile?
Ukuhlonza isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kuvame ukuba lula. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza lezi zivivinyo:
- Ukuhlolwa kweglucose egazini: Uma lesi sifo sitholakala, izinga likashukela livame ukuba phezulu kakhulu.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1c (ukuhlolwa kwe-Glycosylated hemoglobin): Lokhu kulinganisa izinga lakho elijwayelekile likashukela egazini ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule.
- Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma sohlobo 2. Uma ama-autoantibodies ahlobene nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ekhona egazini, kuqinisekiswa njengohlobo 1.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungenza nezinto ezifana nokuhlolwa komchamo ukuze uhlole ama-ketone emchameni.
Iphathwa futhi iphathwa kanjani?
Ukuphila nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kusho ukuthi kufanele uthathe i-insulin nsuku zonke ukuze uphile. Lokhu akunakwenziwa ngephilisi. I-insulin isindisa impilo yalezi ziguli. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini esezingeni elifanele.
Lokhu akuyona into okumele uyenze wedwa. Ithimba le-endocrinologist kanye ne-diabetes lingakusiza. Kodwa kufanele wenze izinqumo nsuku zonke. Kunezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuphatha:
1. Ukwelashwa nge-insulini
2. Ukuqapha i-glucose
3. Imfundo Edingekayo Nokuqwashisa (Imfundo)
Izindlela zokuthatha i-insulin
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-insulin. Ziyahlukahluka ngokuthi zisebenza ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi zihlala isikhathi esingakanani emzimbeni. Kungadingeka usebenzise izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko zokuthola i-insulin:
- Ukujova okuningi kwansuku zonke (i-MDI): Ukujova i-insulin engxenyeni enamafutha ngaphansi kwesikhumba izikhathi eziningana ngosuku usebenzisa isirinji.
- Ipeni le-Insulin: Leli ithuluzi elifana nepeni eliza ligcwaliswe i-insulin. Kulula ukulisebenzisa kunemijovo.
- Iphampu ye-insulin: Lena idivayisi encane ehambisa i-insulin emzimbeni ngenani elidingekayo usuku lonke ngepayipi elincane elibekwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
- I-insulin ephefumulayo:Kukhona nohlobo lwe-insulin oluphefumulwa ngomlomo, olufana ne-inhaler esetshenziswa yiziguli ze-asthma.
Inani le-insulin oyidingayo lingashintsha usuku nosuku, ngokweminyaka, lapho uqala ukugula, noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ukuqapha amazinga kashukela
Kudingeka uqaphele amazinga kashukela egazini lakho usuku lonke.
- I-Blood glucose meter: Idivayisi elinganisa amazinga kashukela egazini ngokuthatha iconsi elincane legazi esihlokweni somunwe.
- I-CGM (Ukuqapha Okuqhubekayo Kwe-glucose - CGM): Indlela ekala amazinga kashukela egazini njalo ngemizuzu embalwa isebenzisa inzwa encane efakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba bese ithumela idatha efonini yakho noma kwenye idivayisi. Lokhu sekuyatholakala manje eSri Lanka.
Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza izinga likashukela egazini eliqondiwe. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuzama ukuhlala kulelo zinga.
Ingabe lesi sifo singalapheka ngokuphelele?
Ngeshwa, okwamanje alikho ikhambi lesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kodwa ososayensi bayaqhubeka nokucwaninga izindlela zokuvimbela lesi sifo noma ukulawula ukuqhubeka kwaso.
Kwamanye amazwe athuthukile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokwelapha ngokufakelwa, kodwa ziyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-Islet: Ukufakelwa kwamaseli akhiqiza i-insulin kuphela.
- Ukufakelwa i-pancreas: Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ezigulini ezidinga ukufakelwa izinso.
Lokhu kuseyizindlela zokwelapha ezisekelwe ocwaningweni ezingatholakali kuwo wonke umuntu futhi eziyingozi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 asiyona into oyenzayo ngenxa yamaphutha akho noma imikhuba yakho yokudla. Siyinkinga ngesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba.
- Ukuze uphile nalesi simo, kubalulekile ukuthatha i-insulin impilo yakho yonke.
- Qaphela izimpawu ezifana nokoma ngokweqile, ukuchama njalo, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo. Uma ubona noma yikuphi kwalokhu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Ukulawula kahle amazinga kashukela egazini kungavimbela ukulimala kwamehlo, izinso, inhliziyo kanye nemizwa.
- Akudingeki ukuthi udlule kulolu hambo wedwa. Thola ukwesekwa udokotela wakho, umndeni wakho, kanye nabangani. Ngokuphathwa okufanele, ungaphila impilo enempilo nesebenzayo.
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