Ngaphansi kobuchopho bethu, kukhona indlala encane, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Siyibiza ngokuthi i-Pituitary Gland. Nakuba incane, isebenza njengomphathi omkhulu womzimba wethu. Ilawula izinto eziningi ezibaluleke kakhulu, njengokukhula kwethu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nekhono lokuba nabantwana. Yiyona futhi etshela ezinye izindlala emzimbeni ukuthi, "Kulungile, manje yenza ama-hormone akho." Yingakho siyibiza ngokuthi "i-Master Gland."
Ngakho-ke, lapho la maseli e-pituitary gland eqala ukukhula ngendlela engavamile futhi engalawuleki, sikubiza ngokuthi isimila se-pituitary. Kodwa abantu abaningi abakwesabayo lapha ukuthi ngabe umdlavuza yini. Eqinisweni, izimila eziningi ze-pituitary aziwona umdlavuza. Umdlavuza we-pituitary awuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, noma lezi zimila zingewona umdlavuza, zingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yobukhulu bazo (izimila ezinkulu) noma ngoba zikhiqiza ama-hormone engeziwe umzimba ongawadingi (izimila ezisebenzayo). Lokhu kuvame ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa, imithi, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
Kungani lezi zimila ze-pituitary zenzeka?
Eqinisweni, odokotela abakaqiniseki ukuthi yini ebangela la mathumba. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba noshintsho ezizakhini zofuzo zamaseli e-pituitary, kodwa kubonakala sengathi kwenzeka ngokungahleliwe.
Kodwa-ke, kunezimo ezithile zofuzo ezenza abantu abanazo babe namathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa izimila ze-pituitary. Ezinye zalezi zimo zifaka:
- I-Carney complex: Lesi yisimo esingavamile sofuzo esibangela ukwakheka kwezimila eziningi ezingezona umdlavuza emzimbeni.
- I-Familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA): Lesi futhi yisimo esingavamile. Sibangela ukuthi umzimba ube mkhulu kunokujwayelekile.
- I-acromegaly yomndeni ehlukanisiwe: Lokhu kufana ne-FIPA.
- I-McCune-Albright syndrome: Lesi simo esingavamile sibangela ukukhubazeka emathanjeni nasesikhumbeni.
- I-neoplasia eminingi ye-endocrine, uhlobo I nohlobo IV (MEN1, MEN4): Lezi zimo zingabangela ukwakheka kwamathumba ezindlala zomzimba.
Izimpawu ezibangelwa ukukhula kwesimila
I-pituitary gland itholakala endaweni encane kakhulu ngaphansi kobuchopho, eduze kakhulu nemithambo ye-optic ethwala imiyalezo phakathi kwamehlo nobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, lapho isimila esikhulu sikhula kule ndawo encane, siqala ukusunduza ezintweni ezisizungezile. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene.
Kalula nje, impande yenkinga ukuthi njengoba isimila sikhula, sicindezela izitho ezibalulekile ezisizungezile, okwenza kube nendawo encane.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezibangelwa yilokhu kuxinana yilezi:
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Ikhanda elibuhlungu elivame ukwenzeka, ngezinye izikhathi elibi kakhulu.
- Izinkinga zokubona:Izinto ezifana nokulahlekelwa umbono ongaphandle kanye nokubona okubili, ikakhulukazi uma ubheka phambili.
Futhi, uma lesi simila sicindezela indlala ye-pituitary uqobo, inani lama-hormone akhiqizwa yindlala lingase lehle. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungase kuvele izimpawu ezinjengalezi:
- Kwabesilisa: ukukhula kwamabele, ukulahlekelwa izinwele ebusweni, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kocansi.
- Kwabesifazane: ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile noma ukuyeka, ukuyeka ukuncelisa ngaphandle kokuthola umntwana.
- Kwabantwana: Ukukhula okulibazisekile kanye nokuvuthwa ngokocansi.
- Okuvamile: ukwehla kwesifiso socansi, ukuhlanza, ukungakhululeki esiswini, ukushintsha kwesisindo, kanye nokuzizwa ubanda ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Izimpawu ezibangelwa izimila ezikhiqiza ama-hormone
Amanye amathumba (amathumba asebenzayo) akhiqiza ama-hormone engeziwe umzimba ongawadingi. Izimpawu ezivelayo zincike ekutheni iyiphi i-hormone ekhiqizwa ngokweqile. Ake sibone ukuthi lokho kusebenza kanjani.
| I-hormone ekhiqizwa kakhulu | Isimo kanye nezimpawu |
|---|---|
| I-hormone ye-Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) | Lokhu kulawula i-hormone i-cortisol. Uma i-ACTH ikhula, kuvela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Cushing's syndrome . Izimpawu: Ukuphuka okulula, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ushukela ophezulu egazini, izimpawu zokwelula ezinsomi noma ezipinki, ubuso obuyindilinga kakhulu, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, izitho ezincane kanye nobuso obukhulu, intamo, kanye nomzimba. |
| I-hormone yokukhula | Lokhu kulawula ukukhula komzimba, ushukela, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha. Uma lokhu kwanda: Izingane: Zikhula zinde kakhulu kunokujwayelekile ( i-Gigantism ) Abantu abadala: Ukukhula kwamathambo obuso, izandla, nezinyawo ( Acromegaly ) Ezinye izimpawu: isifo senhliziyo, ushukela ophezulu egazini, ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukujuluka ngokweqile. |
| I-Prolactin | Lokhu kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kobisi lwebele kwabesifazane. Uma lokhu kwanda: Kwabesifazane: Ukuvuza kobisi lwebele uma ungakhulelwe noma ungakabelethi, ukwehla kwesifiso socansi, ukuyeka ukuya esikhathini, ubunzima bokukhulelwa. Kwabesilisa: ukwehla kwenani lesidoda kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kocansi. |
| I-hormone ekhuthaza i-thyroid (TSH) | Lokhu kutshela i-thyroid ukuthi ikhiqize ama-hormone. Lawa alawula ukukhula, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Uma i-TSH iphezulu: Izimpawu: Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile, ukuhamba kwamathumbu njalo, izinkinga zokulala, ukuthuthumela, ukujuluka ngokweqile, ukwehla kwesisindo. |
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Uma uya kudokotela onalezi zimpawu, uzoqala ngokukubuza umbuzo onemininingwane mayelana nezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wempilo. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukwenza izivivinyo ezifana nalezi:
- Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo: Hlola ukuthi isimila sithinte yini umbono wakho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwemizwa: Bona ukuthi ubuchopho bakho, umgogodla, kanye nemizwa kusebenza kanjani.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: Hlola amazinga akho ama-hormone ukuze ubone ukuthi ayini ngempela.
- Ukuthwebula izithombe: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona isimila ngokubheka ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa nge -CT scan , futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungenziwa i-MRI scan .
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Iningi lezimila ze-pituitary azidingi ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, uma isimila sakho sidinga ukwelashwa, indlela ekhethiwe izoncika ohlotsheni lwesimila, ubukhulu baso, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Ukuhlinzwa
Lena yindlela yokwelapha evame kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuthi kuyi-tumor ekhiqiza i-prolactin, iningi lamanye ama-tumors asuswa ngokuhlinzwa. Ukuze enze lokhu kuhlinzwa, udokotela angase ahlinze ngekhala, ngomthungo ongaphezulu kodebe olungenhla, noma ngomthungo ogebhezini. Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa nge-skull yezimila ezinkulu noma izimila ezisakazeke ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe
Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa ama-X-ray anamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa isimila. Lokhu kwelashwa kuyasiza uma isimila singenakususwa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa, noma uma isimila sesibuyile. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha ngemisebe, kusukela ekwelashweni okukodwa okunesilinganiso esiphezulu (i-stereotactic radiosurgery) kuya ekwelashweni okunesilinganiso esincane okunikezwa izikhathi eziningana ngesonto amasonto angu-4-6.
Umuthi
Kuye ngohlobo lwesimila onaso, udokotela wakho angase azame imithi kuqala. Ikakhulukazi uma isimila sakho sikhiqiza i-prolactin, imithi inganciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwaleyo hormone futhi isize isimila sinciphe. Imithi iwusizo futhi ezimila ezikhiqiza i-hormone yokukhula kanye nokuphatha izimo ezifana ne-Cushing's syndrome kanye ne-acromegaly.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Iningi lezimila ze-pituitary aziwona umdlavuza, ngakho-ke ungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile.
- Izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda kanye nokushintsha kombono kungase kwenzeke kuye ngobukhulu besimila. Izimpawu zingase zivele ngenxa yokushintsha kwama-hormone emzimbeni.
- Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ofanelekayo ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zalokhu, njengokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye nemithi.
- Xoxani ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi imibuzo onayo ngesimo sakho kanye nokwelashwa kwakho.
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