Wake wazizwa into efana neqhubu entanyeni yakho? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile kancane uma lokho kwenzeka. Ungase ucabange, "Kuyini lokhu? Ingabe umdlavuza?" Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyiqonde kuqala ukuthi akuzona zonke iziqhubu entanyeni eziwumdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ukuqaphela izinto ezinjalo, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza we-thyroid, esikhuluma ngawo namuhla, kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho. Ngakho-ke ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngendlela enobungane nelula namuhla.
Okokuqala, ake sibone, iyini le ndlala yegilo?
Kalula nje, i-thyroid gland iyisitho esincane, esimise okwebhabhathane esitholakala ngaphambili kwentamo yethu, kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomphimbo. Iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwe-endocrine lomzimba wethu.
Cabanga ngakho njengenjini encane emzimbeni wethu. Ama-hormone akhishwa yile gland alawula izinto eziningi emzimbeni wethu, njengokuthi umzimba wethu usebenzisa kanjani amandla, izinga lokushisa lomzimba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nomfutho wegazi. Ngakho-ke manje usuyaqonda ukuthi lesi sitho esincane sibaluleke kangakanani. Umdlavuza we-thyroid ulapho amaseli e-thyroid eqala ukukhula ngendlela engavamile futhi engalawuleki.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomdlavuza we-thyroid?
Umdlavuza we-thyroid awufani. Uhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwamaseli owakha kuwo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni ukwelashwa kanye nenkambo yesikhathi esizayo yalesi sifo. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi lezi zinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lomdlavuza | Ulwazi olubalulekile |
|---|---|
| Umdlavuza we-Papillary | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Cishe u-90% womdlavuza we-thyroid ungowalolu hlobo. Ukhula kancane kakhulu. Ngisho noma usakazekela kuma-lymph node entanyeni, usabela kahle kakhulu ekwelashweni. Amathuba okwelashwa okuphelele aphezulu kakhulu. |
| Umdlavuza we-Follicular (Follicular) | Lolu uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu (cishe u-15%). Lolu hlobo lunamathuba amancane okusabalala ezithweni ezikude, njengamathambo namaphaphu. Uma lusabalala (umdlavuza osakazeka emaphashini), ukwelashwa kungaba nzima kakhulu. |
| Umdlavuza we-Oncocytic (Oncocytic) | Lokhu kwenzeka phakathi kuka-3% no-5% wamacala. Kuvame ukusabalala kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo ezimbili. Kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi ukukwelapha. |
| Umdlavuza we-Medullary | Lokhu kubonakala ezimweni ezingaphansi kuka-5%. Cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu abanalolu hlobo banomlando womndeni, okusho ukuthi kungase kube nethonya lezakhi zofuzo. |
| Umdlavuza we-Anaplastic | Lolu uhlobo olunzima kakhulu nolunzima ukwelapha . Lukhula ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi lusakazeka ngokushesha ezicutshini ezizungezile nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kodwa ngenhlanhla, aluvamile kakhulu (cishe u-2%). |
Ziyini izimpawu? Ukubona kanjani lokhu?
Ngokuvamile uphawu lokuqala lomdlavuza we-thyroid luyiqhubu elingenabuhlungu entanyeni. Lokhu ngokwezokwelapha kubizwa ngokuthi iqhubu le-thyroid. Kodwa ungesabi! Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, asikho isidingo sokwesaba ukuzwa iqhubu elinje. Ngoba amaqhubu angu-9 kwangu-10 alawa awawona umdlavuza.
Khumbula, umdlavuza we-thyroid awuvamile ukubonisa zimpawu ezigabeni zawo zokuqala. Ungatholakala ngengozi lapho udokotela wakho ekuhlolela esinye isimo.
Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, izimpawu ezinjalo zingavela:
- Ukuvuvukala entanyeni noma ama-lymph node avuvukele.
- Ukushoshozela noma ukushintsha kwezwi.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukugwinya ukudla.
- Ubuhlungu bentamo, ngezinye izikhathi buphuma ezindlebeni.
Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu bese uhlolwa ngaphandle kokuzishaya indiva.
Kungani umdlavuza we-thyroid ukhula? Yiziphi izici eziyingozi?
Njenganoma yimuphi umdlavuza, umdlavuza we-thyroid ubangelwa izinguquko (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) ku-DNA yamaseli endlaleni. Lezi zinguquko zibangela ukuba amaseli ahlukane futhi akhule ngokungalawuleki. Ezinye zalezi zinguquko ze-DNA zingenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphila kwethu, kanti ezinye zingazuzwa njengefa ngezakhi zofuzo ezivela kubazali bethu.
Kunezici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza we-thyroid:
- Ubulili: Abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuthola umdlavuza we-thyroid kunabesilisa.
- Ubudala: Ngokuvamile kubonakala kakhulu kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni yabo yama-40 nama-50 kanye nakwabesilisa abaseminyakeni yabo yama-60 nama-70.
- Umlando womndeni: Uma othile emndenini wakho (abazali, izingane zakini) eke waba nomdlavuza we-thyroid, nawe ungase ube sengozini.
- Izimo zofuzo: Ezinye izifo ezizuzwe njengefa (isb., `(MEN2A)`, `(MEN2B)`) zingandisa ingozi.
- Ukuchayeka emisebeni: Ingozi iphakeme, ikakhulukazi uma uke wathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe entanyeni nasekhanda ngesikhathi usengumntwana noma uke wachayeka ezintweni ezinemisebe ngenxa yengozi yenuzi.
- Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine: Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine ekudleni nakho kungaba nomthelela othile.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Isisindo somzimba esiningi sitholwe njengesici esiyingozi.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngqo?
Uma uya kudokotela oneqhubu entanyeni yakho, uzokuhlola kuqala, akubuze ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando womndeni, bese encoma ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Le-thyroid: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi i-thyroid gland yakho ikhiqiza ama-hormone ngendlela efanele yini. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, amazinga ama-hormone angaba ajwayelekile ngisho noma kukhona umdlavuza.
- I-Biopsy: Lena yindlela enembile kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa . Kulokhu, kufakwa inaliti encane kakhulu (`(Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy)`) eqhubu, kuthathwe isampula yamaseli lapho bese kuhlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kuzosiza ukwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi amaseli anomdlavuza noma cha.
- Ama-Impression Scan: Lawa ma-scan asiza ukubona uhlobo nobukhulu beqhubu nokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini.
- Ukuskena nge-Ultrasound: Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa, engenabuhlungu, futhi elula kakhulu.
- I-Radioactive Iodine Scan: Lokhu kungakunikeza ukuqonda okungcono kokusebenza kwe-thyroid gland.
- I-CT scan kanye ne-PET scan: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Umdlavuza welashwa kanjani?
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-thyroid kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba sawo, iminyaka yakho, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa olukulungele kangcono.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko nevame kakhulu . Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa yonke indlala yegilo (`(Thyroidectomy)`) noma ingxenye yayo nje equkethe umdlavuza (`(Lobectomy)`). Uphinde asuse ama-lymph node aseduze lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza esakazeke khona.
- Ukwelashwa nge-Radioiodine: Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kubulawe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Uphuza iphilisi noma uketshezi oluqukethe i-radioiodine. Ngenxa yokuthi le iodine imuncwa yizicubu ze-thyroid kuphela, imisebe yonakalisa lawo maseli kuphela.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza azimunci i-iodine. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umshini ovela ngaphandle uqondisa umsebe wemisebe oqondisiwe kumdlavuza bese ubhubhisa amaseli.
- Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone: Ngemva kokususwa kwe-thyroid ngokuhlinzwa, umzimba udinga ukunikezwa ama-hormone e-thyroid ngaphandle. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokunikeza imithi yama-hormone yokwenziwa njenge-levothyroxine. Lokhu kumele kuthathwe impilo yonke . Lo muthi futhi usiza ukuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi.
- Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha entsha eqondisa ubuthakathaka obuthile emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza futhi isetshenziselwa umdlavuza onamandla noma othuthukile.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali akuvamile ukusetshenziswa kumdlavuza we-thyroid. Kungasetshenziswa ezimweni ezimbi zomdlavuza ezingasabelanga kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
Ingabe lokhu kungelapheka ngokuphelele?
Yebo! Lezi yizindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu nezikhuthazayo. Izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza we-thyroid zingelapheka ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa. Ikakhulukazi uma umdlavuza utholakala kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba usakazekele ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba, amathuba okwelashwa aphezulu kakhulu.
Uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu, i-papillary, lunesilinganiso sokusinda esingaphezu kuka-98%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu otholakale enalesi sifo unethuba elikhulu kakhulu lokuphila iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu, njengomuntu ophilile.
Kodwa-ke, ezinhlotsheni ezingavamile nezinzima njenge-anaplastic, isimo sihlukile. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho kuphela ongakunikeza incazelo ecacile ngesimo sakho kanye nokubikezela kwaso. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi ukukhuluma naye ngokukhululekile ngalokhu.
Ngemva kokwelashwa, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlolwe njalo ukuze ubone ukuthi umdlavuza usubuyile yini. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma ubona iqhubu, ukuvuvukala, noma ushintsho ezwini lakho entanyeni yakho, ungakushayi indiva bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha. Kodwa ungesabi, ngoba iningi lamaqhubu alinawo umdlavuza.
- Iningi lomdlavuza we-thyroid, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, lisabela kahle kakhulu ekwelashweni futhi lingelapheka ngokuphelele.
- Uma lesi sifo sitholakala ngokushesha, amathuba okwelashwa ngempumelelo nokululama ngokuphelele ayanda.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Thatha imithi yakho ngesikhathi, bese uya khona lapho uzolandela khona ukwelashwa.
- Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza. Khuluma ngokukhululekile ngemizwa yakho nomndeni, abangane kanye nodokotela wakho.
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