Uzizwa sengathi umhlathi wakho uyaphela ngokuzumayo futhi uba nobunzima bokuhlafuna ukudla ngenkathi udla? Kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana, ukungakhululeki kuyaphela futhi ungadla ngendlela evamile futhi? Uma uke waba nalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho, khona-ke lesi sihloko esixoxa ngaso namuhla sizoba sibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Lesi yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Myasthenia Gravis .
Kuyini i-Myasthenia Gravis?
Kalula nje, i-myasthenia gravis yisimo esingamahlalakhona lapho imisipha emzimbeni wethu ikhathala futhi ibuthakathaka ngokushesha. Isici esivelele kakhulu salokhu ukuthi imisipha iba buthaka uma isetshenziswa, bese iqina futhi ngemva kokuphumula. Kufana nebhethri elifayo uma usebenza, kodwa liphinde lishaje uma ulibeka eceleni isikhashana.
Lesi simo singathinta amaqembu emisipha ahlukene emzimbeni. Uma kwenzeka, sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-myasthenia gravis ejwayelekile'. Lokhu kungabangela ubunzima bokuhlafuna ukudla, ukugwinya, ukumomotheka, ukukhuphula amahlombe, ukuphakamisa ingalo, ukubamba into ngokuqinile, ukuma, nokukhwela izitebhisi.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singathinta nemisipha edingekayo ukuze kuphefumuleke. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esiyingozi kakhulu nesisongela ukuphila. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi inkinga ye-myasthenic. Esimweni esinjalo, kufanele ungeniswe e -Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
Nakuba lesi sifo singathinta noma ubani, sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-40 kanye nakwabesilisa abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-70. Uma umama onalesi sifo ebeletha umntwana, amanye amaprotheni (ama-antibodies) egazini likamama angadlulela enganeni, okubangela ubuthakathaka besikhashana bemisipha. Kodwa akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho, ngokuvamile phakathi namasonto ambalwa umzimba wengane uzosusa lezi zinto futhi imisipha yengane izobuyela esimweni sayo esijwayelekile.
Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zalesi sifo?
Kubantu abaningi, lesi sifo siqala emehlweni. Ngakho-ke izimpawu zokuqala kungaba ukugoba kwamehlo, ukubona okufiphele, noma ukubona okubili. Phakathi nonyaka noma emibili, lobu buthakathaka bungasakazekela kwezinye imisipha emzimbeni.
Ake sichaze kabanzi lezi zimpawu kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isibonakaliso | Kwenzekani ngalokhu? (Kwenzekani?) |
|---|---|
| Ubuthakathaka bemisipha yamehlo | Amajwabu amehlo alengayo, ukubona okubili, noma ukubona okufiphele kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo. |
| Ushintsho ekubonakaleni kobuso | Ubunzima bokulawula imisipha yobuso lapho wenza izinto ezinjengokumomotheka noma ukwenza ubuso. |
| Ubunzima bokukhuluma | Izwi liyashintsha. Ngemva kokukhuluma isikhashana, izwi kancane kancane liyaba yisihosho futhi libe nomsindo. |
| Ubunzima bokugwinya | Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla, isiphuzo, namathe. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ozidlayo noma oziphuzayo zingase ziphume ekhaleni lakho. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo! (Inkinga ye-Myasthenic). Kunzima ukuphefumula ngenxa yobuthakathaka bemisipha yesifuba. |
| Ubuthakathaka bezitho nentamo | Ubunzima bokugcina intamo iqondile, ubunzima bokuhamba, ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa ingalo, noma ukuphakamisa izinsimbi. |
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Iyini imbangela?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, sidinga ukwazi okuncane ngendlela izinzwa nemisipha yethu esebenza ngayo. Cabanga ukuthi uma ufuna ukuphakamisa ingalo yakho, kuvela umlayezo ovela ebuchosheni bakho uhambisana nezinzwa. Lo myalezo ufinyelela emisipheni endaweni encane ephakathi kweziphetho zezinzwa nemisipha. Isithunywa samakhemikhali esithwala lo myalezo sibizwa ngokuthi i-acetylcholine . Uma leli khemikhali, i-acetylcholine, libopha kuma-receptor emisipheni, imisipha iyafinyela, okungukuthi, iyasebenza.
I-Myasthenia gravis yisifo esibangelwa yi-autoimmune.. Okusho ukuthi, isimiso somzimba esivikela imizimba yethu senza iphutha futhi sihlasele izingxenye zomzimba wethu ezinempilo. Okwenzekayo kulesi sifo ukuthi ama-antibodies akhiqizwa isimiso somzimba avimba noma abhubhise ama-acetylcholine receptors engikhulume ngawo ekuqaleni. Khona-ke umyalezo ovela emithanjeni awufinyeleli kahle emisipheni. Yingakho imisipha iba buthakathaka.
Isizathu esiqondile sokuthi kungani amasosha omzimba enza lokhu asikaziwa okwamanje. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kucatshangwa ukuthi sihlobene ne -thymus gland, etholakala esifubeni esingaphezulu. Le gland isiza ekwenzeni ama-antibodies. Cishe abantu abayi-15% abane-myasthenia gravis banesimila (thymoma) kule gland. Nakuba lezi zimila zingewona umdlavuza, ukususwa kwe-gland ngokuhlinzwa (thymectomy) kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu kwezinye iziguli.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma unalezi zimpawu, kufanele uqale ubonane nodokotela. Uzokuhlola mayelana nohlelo lwakho lwezinzwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangase batuse ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuze kutholakale lesi simo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi igazi lakho liqukethe yini ama-antibodies athile ahlasela ama-receptor e-acetylcholine engiwashilo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwephakethe leqhwa: Uma ijwabu lakho liwela, kufakwa iphakethe leqhwa phezu kwalo cishe imizuzu emibili. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubona ukuthi umkhuhlane uyabunciphisa yini ubuthakathaka bemisipha okwesikhashana.
- Ukuhlolwa kokuvuselela imizwa okuphindaphindiwe: Ama-electrode abekwa esikhumbeni bese kuthunyelwa izimpawu ezincane zikagesi ukuze kulinganiswe isivinini kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemiyalezo evela ezinzwani eya emisipheni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-EMG (i-single-fiber electromyography): I-electrode encane kakhulu efana nenaliti ifakwa ngesikhumba iye emisipheni bese kubhekwa umsebenzi kagesi phakathi kobuchopho nemisipha.
- Ukuskena izithombe: Ungase ucelwe ukuba wenze i-CT scan noma i-MRI scan ukuze kuhlolwe isimila se-thymus (thymoma).
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lesi sifo sithinte yini ukusebenza kwamaphaphu.
Ukwelashwa nezinto ongazenza ekhaya
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuncike eminyakeni yakho, ubukhulu bezimpawu zakho, nokuthi lesi sifo sisakazeke ngokushesha kangakanani.
Imithi
Udokotela wakho angase ancome imithi efana nalokhu:
- Izithibi ze-Cholinesterase: Le mithi ithuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinzwa nemisipha, okusiza ukuqinisa imisipha.
- Ama-Corticosteroids: Lawa alawula ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela futhi anciphise ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies ayingozi.
- Ama-immunosuppressants: Le mithi inikezwa futhi ukuze kuncishiswe kakhulu impendulo yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
Ukwelashwa Okukhethekile
Uma izimpawu ziba zimbi ngokuzumayo noma ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukwelashwa nge-intravenous (IV).
- I-Plasmapheresis: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthumela igazi lakho ngomshini ukuze lihlunge ama-antibodies ayingozi. Nakuba imiphumela ishesha, ihlala isikhathi esifushane kuphela.
- I-Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg): Lokhu kwelashwa kuhilela ukufaka ama-antibodies anempilo egazini lakho. Lawa ashintsha indlela amasosha omzimba wakho asebenza ngayo futhi alawula izimpawu zakho.
Ukuhlinzwa - I-Thymectomy
Uma lesi sifo sibangelwa isimila esise-thymus gland, i-gland isuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa. Ngisho noma kungekho simila, izimpawu zezinye iziguli ziyathuthuka lapho i-thymus gland isuswa.
Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila
Ngaphezu kwemithi, ukwenza izinguquko ezincane endleleni yakho yokuphila kungasiza futhi ekulawuleni izimpawu.
- Yonga amandla uma udla: Uma unenkinga yokuhlafuna ukudla, yidla ngesikhathi sosuku lapho unamandla amaningi khona. Esikhundleni sokudla ukudla okukhulu, yidla ukudla okuncane okuningana phakathi nosuku. Khetha ukudla okuthambile.
- Sebenzisa imishini yokuphepha: Faka izinti zokubamba eduze kwendlu yangasese nombhede, njll. Susa omata nezinye izinto phansi ukuze unciphise amathuba okushelela nokuwa.
- Thola usizo emishinini: Londoloza amandla akho ngokusebenzisa izinto zikagesi (ibhulashi lamazinyo likagesi, isivuli sethini) esikhundleni semisebenzi yezandla.
- Sebenzisa i-eye patch: Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni okubili. Uma ubukela i-TV noma ufunda, vala iso elilodwa bese usebenzisa womabili amehlo ngokushintshana.
- Hlela usuku lwakho: Sebenzisa amandla akho ngokuhlakanipha. Thola isikhathi sosuku lapho unamandla kakhulu khona bese wenza imisebenzi yasekhaya kanye nemisebenzi yangaphandle.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Myasthenia Gravis yisifo esibangelwa amasosha omzimba asenza buthaka imisipha. Ubuthakathaka buyancipha ngemva kokuphumula.
- Nakuba izimpawu zivame ukuqala emehlweni (ukubona okufiphele, ukubona okuphindwe kabili), noma yimuphi umsipha emzimbeni ungathinteka.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-myasthenic crisis) buyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo. Esimweni esinjalo, iya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Lesi yisimo esingalawulwa kahle ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila. Ungesabi, khuluma nodokotela wakho bese uthola ukwelashwa okudingekayo.
- Ungenza ukuphila nezimpawu kube lula ngokuhlela imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke nokonga amandla.
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