Wake wazibuza ukuthi, uma ubamba umkhuhlane, uphola kanjani ezinsukwini ezimbalwa? Ngaphandle kokuqaphela, imizimba yethu inesimiso sokuzivikela esimangalisayo, njengebutho, esisebenza ngaphakathi kithi ukuze sisivikele ezifweni. Iyunithi ekhethekile yamasosha ebaluleke kakhulu kulesi simiso ibizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-T anobuthi. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngala maqhawe amancane.
Ziyini lezi T cells ezibangela ubuthi?
Kalula nje, amaseli e-T anobuthi awuhlobo lweseli ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba . Afana namasosha empi ekhethekile ebuthweni lezwe lethu. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuthola nokubhubhisa amaseli atheleleke ngamagciwane angena emizimbeni yethu. Yingakho ebizwa nangokuthi "amaseli e-T abulalayo."
Lawa maseli e-T akhiqizwa endlaleni encane engaphambili kwesifuba sethu ebizwa ngokuthi i-thymus . Indlala ye-thymus ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamaseli e-T.
| Uhlobo lweseli T | Umsebenzi ulula. |
|---|---|
| Amaseli e-T anobuthi | Ukuhlonza nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana ayingozi, njengamaseli atheleleke ngegciwane kanye namaseli omdlavuza. |
| Amaseli e-T osizo | Ukuvuselela amanye amangqamuzana omzimba nokuwasiza ekulweni. Njengomkhuzi webutho. |
| Amaseli e-T alawulayo | Uma impi isiphelile, izenzo zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ziyalawulwa futhi siyeke ukulimaza amangqamuzana anempilo ngokungadingekile. |
La maseli asebenza kanjani?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuzivikela komzimba. Eyokuqala ukuzivikela komzimba okungokwemvelo , okuwuhlelo lokuzivikela olukhona emizimbeni yethu lapho sizalwa. Enye ukuzivikela komzimba okuzivumelanisa nezimo.Okusho ukuthi, lapho sibhekene nezifo noma sigonywa, imizimba yethu yakha uhlelo lokuzivikela olukhethekile.
Amaseli e-T anobuthi ayisici esibaluleke kakhulu salolu hlobo lwesibili lokuzivikela komzimba okuzivumelanisa nezimo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lawa maseli aqeqeshwe ukuqaphela nokuhlasela igciwane elithile .
Umehluko phakathi kwamaseli e-T ane-cytotoxic namaseli okubulala emvelo
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nangamangqamuzana e-Natural Killer. Nakuba womabili angamaseli 'abulala', kunomehluko omncane.
- Amaseli Okubulala Angokwemvelo: Lawa ayingxenye yokuzivikela komzimba okungokwemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awadingi ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile noma ukuvuselelwa ukuze ahlasele iseli eliyingozi. Aqhubeka nje eqapha.
- Amaseli e-T ane-cytotoxic: Lawa ayingxenye yokuzivikela komzimba okuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ukuze ahlasele iseli elithelelekile, kumele aqale azi ngokutheleleka bese eqala ukusebenza.
Ungaqala kanjani ukulwa
Amaseli e-T ane-cytotoxic ane-'antenna' ekhethekile ebusweni bawo ebizwa ngokuthi i-CD8 receptor . Cishe wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu ane-"ikhadi lokuhlonza" ebusweni bawo. Libizwa ngokuthi i-MHC Class I molecule . Uma iseli lithelelekile ngegciwane, lelo seli libeka ingxenye encane yegciwane kuleli khadi lokuhlonza ebusweni balo, okubonisa ukuthi, "Nasi isitha ngaphakathi kimi."
Yilapho-ke i-antenna ye-CD8 yeseli lethu le-T ithola khona lesi siginali. Iseli le-T libe selisebenza bese likhiqiza amakhemikhali adingekayo ukubhubhisa iseli elithelelekile.
Futhi, lapho amaseli e-T asizayo ethola ukutheleleka, akhipha izithunywa ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-cytokine . Le miyalezo ikhuthaza ngokwengeziwe amaseli e-T anobuthi ukuthi ahlanganyele empini.
Akuphi la maseli e-T emzimbeni wethu?
Amaseli e-T aqala ukuphila kwawo emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo . Bese kuthi, njengoba engakavuthwa, ahambe aye e-thymus gland esifubeni sethu. I-thymus ifana nesikole sokuqeqesha amaseli e-T. Yilapho la maseli evuthwa khona futhi afunde ukuthi umsebenzi wawo uyini. Ngemva kokuqeqeshwa, la maseli ajikeleza kuwo wonke umzimba.
Kunenani elikhulu lamaseli e-T kulo lonke uhlelo lwethu lwe-lymphatic , ikakhulukazi. Amazinga aphezulu kakhulu amaseli e-T angatholakala ku:
- Umkantsha
- Amathumbu
- Amaphaphu
- Ama-lymph node
- Ubende
- Ama-Tonsils
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta amaseli e-T?
Ngezinye izikhathi amasosha omzimba wethu angase angasebenzi kahle. Kunezimo eziningana ezithinta amaseli e-T.
- Izifo ezizenzakalelayo:Okwenzekayo kulezi zimo ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba ahlasela amangqamuzana ethu aphilile.
- I-acute lymphocytic leukemia: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala egazini nasemongweni wamathambo.
- I-Adult Hodgkin lymphoma: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala emaseli ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic.
- I-HIV: Leli gciwane lihlasela ngqo amangqamuzana omzimba wethu, ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana e-T.
- I-Job syndrome: Lesi yisifo esingavamile sokuzivikela komzimba esibangela ukutheleleka okuvamile.
- I-Thymic aplasia: Ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli e-T kuyaphazamiseka ngenxa yokuthi i-thymus gland ayikhuli kahle lapho izalwa.
Izinto esingazenza ukuze sigcine amasosha ethu omzimba eqinile
Kunezinto eziningi ezilula esingazenza ukuze sigcine ibutho lethu lokuzivikela elimangalisayo liphilile futhi liqinile.
- Gwema utshwala noma unciphise kakhulu.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo. Faka izithelo eziningi, imifino, ubhontshisi, inyama engenamafutha amaningi, inhlanzi, amantongomane, nokudla okunomsoco.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo. Faka izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuzivocavoca njengokuhamba, ukugijima, kanye nokuphakamisa izinsimbi.
- Lala kahle. Zama ukulala okungenani amahora angu-7-8 ngosuku.
- Gwema ukubhema nokusebenzisa ugwayi ngokuphelele. Uma udinga usizo lokuyeka lo mkhuba, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
- Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi. Lokhu kungasiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni amagciwane ukuthi angangeni emzimbeni wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amaseli e-T anobuthi ayiqembu elikhethekile lamasosha ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba abhubhisa izitha, njengamaseli atheleleke ngegciwane kanye namaseli omdlavuza.
- Lawa maseli ayavuthwa futhi aqeqesheke endlaleni ye-thymus yomzimba wethu.
- Amaseli e-T asizayo afana nezithunywa ezivuselela la maseli abulalayo ukuba alwe.
- Izinto ezilula njengokudla okulinganiselayo, ukulala kahle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema kungagcina amasosha ethu omzimba eqinile.
- Uma unenkinga mayelana nokuzivikela komzimba wakho noma ukugula njalo, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
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