Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzwa ubuhlungu emilenzeni noma ukuqaqamba kwemisipha uma uhamba? Noma ingabe imilenze yakho ibonakala iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi inamafindo? Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuthi kunezinkinga ezithile ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi, okungukuthi, imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalezi zifo ezihlobene nemithambo yegazi, noma njengoba sibiza ngokwezokwelapha, 'isifo semithambo yegazi'.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi zifo zemithambo yegazi?
Isifo semithambo yegazi sibhekisela kunoma yisiphi isimo esithinta uhlelo lwethu lokujikeleza kwegazi. Cabanga ukuthi imizimba yethu ifana nenethiwekhi yamapayipi. Le nethiwekhi yamapayipi iyimithambo yegazi yethu. Yingale ndlela igazi elihamba ngayo emizimbeni yethu. Lolu hlelo lunezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko.
- Imithambo yegazi: Lena yimithambo yegazi emikhulu ethwala igazi elihlanzekile (igazi elinomoya-mpilo) lisuka enhliziyweni liye kuzo zonke ezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
- Imithambo: Lena yimithambo ethwala igazi elingcolile (igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo) libuyele enhliziyweni lisuka ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba.
- Ama-capillary: Lawa yimithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu nebucayi kakhulu. Axhumanisa imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi, futhi aletha umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezicutshini zethu futhi aqoqe imfucuza.
Ngakho-ke, noma iyiphi inkinga ethinta le mithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi, ama-capillary, noma imithambo ye-lymph, noma yisiphi isimo esiphazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi ngenxa yezinkinga ezihlobene negazi njengokujiya kwegazi, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi isifo semithambo yegazi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezifo zemithambo yegazi?
Lezi zifo zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana. Ezinye zithinta imithambo yegazi kuphela, ezinye zithinta imithambo yegazi kuphela. Kukhona nezifo ezithinta izindawo ezithile zomzimba kuphela. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko.
1. Isifo Semithambo Engaphesheya
Njengemithambo yenhliziyo esezinhliziyweni zethu, imithambo engaphandle kwenhliziyo nayo ivalekile ngezinto ezifana namafutha ne-cholesterol, esikubiza ngokuthi 'i-plaque' , futhi imithambo iqala ukuvaleka ngaphakathi. Lesi simo sisibiza ngokuthi 'i-atherosclerosis' . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho imithambo ivaleka ngale ndlela, ukugeleza kwegazi kuyehla. Ngenxa yalokho, izicubu zomzimba zingase zingatholi inani elidingekayo legazi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-ischemia' .
Ezinye zezifo eziwela ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba zibalwe ngezansi.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Isifo Semithambo Engasogwini (i-PAD) | Ngokuvamile, imithambo yegazi emilenzeni iyavaleka. Uma ukugeleza kwegazi kunqanyuliwe ngokuphelele, izicubu ziyafa bese kuvela i-gangrene , futhi umlenze ungase udingeke unqunywe. |
| I-Ischemic Syndrome Yamathumbu | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla. |
| Isifo Semithambo Yezinso | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ezinso. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso. |
| Isenzakalo sikaRaynaud | Uma ibhekene nomkhuhlane omkhulu noma ukucindezeleka, imithambo emincane yeminwe nezinzwane iyancipha, okwenza iminwe ibe mhlophe noma ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Isifo sikaBuerger | Isifo esihlobene kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kukagwayi. Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emincane nephakathi nephakathi ezandleni nasezinyaweni kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi eminweni, ukufa kwezicubu (i-gangrene) kanye nokunqunywa kweminwe. |
2. Izinkinga ze-Carotid Artery
Lezi yizinkinga ezenzeka emithanjeni eyinhloko ye-carotid, etholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zentamo yethu, ehlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni.
- Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid: Ukuncipha noma ukuvaleka kwalomthambo ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni kungabangela ukuhlaselwa yi-ischemic okwesikhashana (TIA) noma isifo sohlangothi .
- Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemithambo Ye-Carotid: Ukudabuka kwengqimba yodonga lwemithambo, okubangela ukuba igazi liphume.
- I-Carotid Artery Aneurysm: Ubuthakathaka bodonga lwemithambo olubangela ukuthi luvuvuke njengebhaluni. Kukhona ingozi yokuqhuma kwalokhu.
3. Isifo Semithambo Yemithambo
Ama-valve ngaphakathi kwemithambo yethuKukhona into ebizwa ngokuthi i-valve. Kufana nepayipi elivumela amanzi ukuba ageleze ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Uma sifinyeza imisipha yethu, lawa ma-valve ayavuleka bese igazi liya phezulu (liya enhliziyweni). Lapho imisipha iphumula, ama-valve ayavaleka bese igazi liyeka ukugeleza phansi.
Kodwa uma la ma-valve onakele, awavaleki kahle. Bese igazi liqala ukugeleza kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi igazi lihlangane emaphethelweni angezansi, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni, futhi imithambo iqala ukubonakala ivuvukele futhi iboshwe. Lezi zimo yilezi:
- Imithambo Ye-Varicose: Imithambo evuvukele, ensomi, esontekile evela ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
- Imithambo Yesicabucabu: Ama-capillary amancane abomvu noma onsomi, afana nesicabucabu avela emadolweni nasemaqakaleni.
- I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Ihlule legazi elakheka emthanjeni ojulile ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi (CVI): Ubunzima bokubuyisela igazi enhliziyweni ngenxa yokuthi izindonga noma ama-valve emithambo yegazi emilenzeni angasebenzi kahle.
4. Amahlule egazi
Ihlule legazi (i-thrombus) liwukwakheka okufana nejeli emthanjeni wegazi. Leli hlule lingaqhekeka futhi lihambe negazi, livimbe umthambo wegazi emaphashini ( Pulmonary Embolism ), inhliziyo ( Heart Attack ), noma ubuchopho ( Stroke ). Lezi yizimo eziyingozi kakhulu.
Uma umuntu ene-DVT (i-blood clot emthanjeni ojulile emlenzeni), i-clot ingaphuma iye emaphashini, okubangela i-pulmonary embolism. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni.
5. I-Aortic Aneurysm
I-aneurysm iwukuba buthaka kodonga lomthambo wegazi, okubangela ukuba luvuvuke njengebhaluni. Nakuba kungenzeka kunoma yimuphi umthambo wegazi, kuvame ukubonakala ku-aorta, umthambo oyinhloko osuka enhliziyweni.
- I-Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Ukuvuvukala kwe-aorta endaweni yesifuba.
- I-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Ukuvuvukala kwe-aorta esiswini.
6. I-Lymphedema
Uhlelo lwethu lwe-lymphatic luyinethiwekhi yemithambo ethambile esiza amasosha omzimba wethu. Uma le mithambo yonakala noma ivinjiwe, uketshezi lwe-lymph luyanqwabelana futhi lubangele ukuvuvukala ezithweni zethu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Lymphedema .
Yiziphi izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi zalezi zifo?
Ezinye izifo zemithambo yegazi zingazuzwa njengefa (ngokwezakhi zofuzo), kodwa isikhathi esiningi, lezi zifo zibangelwa imikhuba emibi yokuphila kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- I-Cholesterol Ephezulu
- Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme
- Ukubhema nokusetshenziswa kukagwayi
- Isifo sikashukela
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nokuzuza isisindo
- Ukungazivocavoci
- Umlando womndeni walezi zifo
- Ukuguga
Ingabe nawe unalezi zimpawu?
Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo. Ake sibheke izimpawu zezimo eziningana ezinkulu.
| Isigaba sesifo | Izimpawu ezivamile |
|---|---|
| Isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle (i-PAD) | Ubuhlungu noma ukuqaqamba emilenzeni, ikakhulukazi amathole, lapho uhamba bese unyamalala ngemva kwesikhashana, ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba emilenzeni, amanxeba angapholi, kanye nokukhathala emilenzeni. |
| Isifo semithambo ye-carotid | Ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Kungabonakala kuze kube yilapho kuvela isifo sohlangothi noma i-TIA, okungabangela izinkinga zokubona noma zokukhuluma, ukudideka, nezinkinga zenkumbulo. |
| Imithambo Ye-Varicose (CVI) | Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, ubuhlungu, umuzwa wokusinda emilenzeni, imithambo ebonakalayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/onsomi, isikhumba esilumayo. |
| Amahlule egazi (i-DVT, i-PE) | I-DVT: Ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, nokufudumala emlenzeni owodwa. I-Pulmonary Embolism: Ubuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela igazi. (Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo!) |
| I-Aneurysm yomthambo omkhulu | Ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu. Uma i-aneurysm iqhuma, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obukhulu esifubeni noma esiswini, isiyezi, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. (Lokhu nakho kuyisimo esiphuthumayo!) |
Udokotela uzihlonza kanjani lezi zifo?
Uma uvakashela udokotela wakho, uzokuhlola kahle, akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho, futhi angase akucele ukuthi uhlolwe kaningana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi unesifo.
- I-Vascular Ultrasound: Lokhu kuskena okusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukubheka ukugeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi nokubona ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvaleka.
- I-CT Angiography: I-CT scan yenziwa ukuthola izithombe ezinemininingwane zemithambo yegazi ezinobukhulu obuthathu ngokufaka into ekhethekile emzimbeni.
- I-MR Angiography: Ukuthatha izithombe zemithambo yegazi ngomshini we-MRI kusetshenziswa insimu yamagnetic.
- I-Catheter Angiography: Ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) lidluliselwa emthanjeni wegazi bese kufakwa uketshezi olukhethekile kuwo ukuze kutholakale ukuvinjelwa emithanjeni ngaphansi kwe-X-ray.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo kanye nobunzima baso. Iseluleko esijwayelekile esinikezwa bonke iziguli ukuthi benze izinguquko endleleni yokuphila . Lokho kusho ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezifana nalezi:
- Imithi: Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana nemithi yokunciphisa igazi, imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol (statins), imithi yokucindezela kwegazi okuphezulu, kanye nemithi yokwehlisa imithambo yegazi.
- I-Angioplasty kanye ne-Stent: Inqubo lapho kufakwa khona idivayisi efana nebhaluni emthanjeni wegazi ovinjiwe, ifuthwe ukuze inwebe umthambo (i-angioplasty), bese kufakwa idivayisi efana ne-mesh (i-stent) ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvalwa kabusha.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Kwezinye izimo, kuyadingeka ukususa umthambo ovalekile bese uwushintsha ngomunye umthambo (ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass) noma ukususa ihlule legazi ngokuhlinzwa (i-thrombectomy). Ezimweni ezifana nemithambo ye-varicose, ukwelashwa nge-laser noma ukuhlinzwa nakho kuyasetshenziswa ukususa umthambo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe. Ngakho-ke ungahambi uyofuna imithi ngoba nje uyibonile ku-inthanethi noma uzwe ngayo kothile.
Yiziphi izikhathi lapho ngokuzumayo udinga ukuya e-ETU?
Uma wena noma othile omaziyo eba nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha. Lezi kungaba izimpawu zesimo esisongela ukuphila njengesihlava sohlangothi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, noma ukuqhekeka kwe-aortic aneurysm.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe, obukhulu
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu obungazelelwe
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukungakwazi ukukhuluma kahle
- Ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso
- Ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka bengalo eyodwa noma umlenze
- Ukudideka okukhulu okungazelelwe noma isiyezi
- Ukulahlekelwa noma ukufiphala kombono
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo semithambo yegazi yisimo esivamile esithinta uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wethu.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kanye nokubhema yizona zinto eziyinhloko ezibangela ingozi.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu emilenzeni, ukuqaqamba kwemilenze, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Eziningi zalezi zifo zingavinjelwa futhi zilawulwe ngendlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema).
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa imithi enqunywe udokotela ngqo futhi ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu eziphuthumayo (ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, ukushawa kobuso, ubunzima bokukhuluma), hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha.
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