Iyini i-Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome? Ake sixoxe ngayo!

Wake wezwa ngesimo esingajwayelekile esithinta ubuchopho nenkumbulo? Ngezinye izikhathi, asiqapheli nokuthi uma umzimba wethu untula amavithamini athile, ikakhulukazi i-vitamin B1 ebizwa ngokuthi ``Thiamine``, ubuchopho bethu bungalimala kakhulu. Esinye isimo esibi kangaka yi- ``Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome`` (``WKS``) . Lesi yisimo esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngempela. Ingabe singakhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda?

Iyini ngempela i-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (`WKS`)?

Kalula nje, lesi yisifo esithinta ubuchopho bethu kanye nenkumbulo yethu. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi imizimba yethu inokwehla okukhulu kwe-'Thiamine' ('Thiamine') noma i-vitamin B1 . Cabanga ngakho, imizimba yethu ifana nemoto. Injini yalesi sithuthi ubuchopho. Injini idinga uphethiloli ukuze isebenze. Ngokufanayo, i-vitamin ebizwa ngokuthi 'Thiamine' ('Thiamine') ibalulekile ukuze ubuchopho bethu kanye nesistimu yezinzwa zisebenze. Le vithamini yiyo eguqula ukudla esikudlayo kube amandla. Ngakho-ke lapho le 'Thiamine' ('Thiamine') incipha, ubuchopho abutholi amandla obuwadingayo, bese amangqamuzana obuchopho eqala ukulimala.

Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko kule `WKS`:

1. I-Wernicke encephalopathy: Lokhu ukulimala kokuqala, okungazelelwe, nokunzima kobuchopho. Kudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

2. I-Korsakoff syndrome: Lesi yisimo sesikhathi eside esithinta kakhulu inkumbulo.

Iqanjwe ngodokotela wezinzwa waseJalimane uCarl Wernicke kanye nodokotela wezinzwa waseRussia uSergei Korsakoff, owathola lesi simo kuqala.

Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-'Wernicke's encephalopathy' kanye ne-'Korsakoff syndrome'?

Lokhu kokubili kuhlobene. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi ``Wernicke encephalopathy``, uma singelashwa ngesikhathi, yisona esikhula kancane kancane sibe yinkinga enkulu yokukhumbula ebizwa ngokuthi ``Korsakoff syndrome``.

Ngokuvamile kunezimpawu ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-Wernicke encephalopathy:

• Ukudideka: Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukulahlekelwa yindawo nesikhathi.
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi kanye nokungakwazi ukulawula ukunyakaza (`Ataxia`): Ukuhamba kuyaphazamiseka futhi imilenze iba nzima ukuyilawula.
• Izinguquko zokubona nezinkinga zamehlo: Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungajwayelekile, njengokubona okuphindwe kabili.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nemisipha ingaba buthakathaka.

Uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka isikhathi eside, kwenzeka umonakalo ohlala njalo ebuchosheni nasemaseli ezinzwa. Yilapho kwenzeka khona ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwenkumbulo futhi izinkumbulo ezintsha zingakhumbuliki. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ``i-Korsakoff syndrome``.

I-Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) yisimo esingaba sibi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi singaba yingozi empilweni. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo nge-thiamine kubalulekile. Ukwenza kanjalo kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu futhi kuvimbele ukulimala okungapheli kwenkumbulo kanye neminye imisebenzi yobuchopho.

Uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe enalezi zimpawu, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha noma uye esibhedlela esiseduze.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo?

I-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) ivame kakhulu kwabesilisa kunabesifazane. Ivame ukwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-70. Iningi labantu abathola i-WKS ngenxa yokusebenzisa utshwala ngamadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engu-40. Kodwa-ke, abesifazane kanye nabantu abasebasha nabo bangayithola le nkinga ngezizathu ezingezona utshwala. Akuvamile ukubikwa ezinganeni ezincane.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

I-Wernicke encephalopathy yisimo esivame ukubonwa kubantu abasebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile (isifo sokusebenzisa utshwala). Uma utshwala buphuzwa isikhathi eside, bulimaza isisu kanye nesistimu yokugaya ukudla. Buphinde buphazamise ikhono lomzimba lokumunca amavithamini (i-malabsorption). Kuthiwa cishe ama-80% abantu abaphuza utshwala abakwazi ukumunca noma ukugcina i-thiamine eyanele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abangakwazi ukumunca ukudla kahle ngenxa yezimo ezithile zezokwelapha nabo bangaba ne-'WKS'. Isibonelo, kungenzeka ngemva kokuhlinzwa kokunciphisa isisindo ('ukuhlinzwa kwe-bariatric') noma njengomphumela we-'chemotherapy' yomdlavuza.

Nazi ezinye izinto eziyingozi:

• Izifo zamathumbu, isibonelo, isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo noma i-gastropathy.
• Umdlavuza (ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezinzima).
• Amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-hormone ye-thyroid (i-thyrotoxicosis).
• Ezinye izinguquko zofuzo.
• Ukusetshenziswa kokwelashwa kokukhipha isisu isikhathi eside ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Izifo zokuntuleka kwe-Thiamine njenge-HIV/AIDS.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso, ngoba ukwelashwa kwe-dialysis isikhathi eside kunciphisa ikhono lomzimba lokumunca i-thiamine.
• Ukuntuleka kokufinyelela ezikhungweni zezokwelapha noma ukudla okunomsoco.
• Ukuhlanza kakhulu kanye nesicanucanu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (hyperemesis gravidarum).

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-'Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome'?

Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuntuleka kwe-"Thiamine". Le vithamini ebalulekile yiyo eguqula ushukela esiwudlayo ube amandla. Ngakho-ke uma singenayo i-"Thiamine" eyanele, ubuchopho bethu abutholi amandla obuwadingayo ukuze busebenze kahle.

Imbangela eyinhloko yokuntuleka kwe-thiamineUkuphuza utshwala ngokweqile isikhathi eside. Utshwala kwenza kube nzima ngomzimba ukumunca i-thiamine bese uyigcina esibindini. Utshwala buphazamisa nokusetshenziswa kwe-vitamin B1 kweminye imisebenzi ebalulekile.

Kunezinye izizathu futhi:

• Ukudla okungalungile: Ukungadli ukudla okunempilo.
• Izinkinga zokudla: njenge-anorexia kanye ne-bulimia.
• Izifo ezingamahlalakhona.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzwa okufana nokuhlinzwa kwesisu ukuze kwehliswe isisindo.
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu: Kodwa lokhu akuvamile.

Yiziphi izimpawu ze-'Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome'?

Lokhu kungabonakala ngezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Esinye sezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezibonakala ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu 'ukuhlangana' . Okusho ukuthi, ukwenza izindaba engqondweni yakho ukuze ufihle izinto ongazikhumbuli. Cabanga nje, othile akakhumbuli into ayenzile izolo, kodwa uqamba amanga ukuze ayifihle, kodwa akaqambi amanga ngoba ecabanga ukuthi yenzekile ngempela. Bayayikholelwa indaba.

Abantu abanalesi simo bangase bazizwe bedidekile noma bedidekile. Lokhu kudideka kwenza kube nzima ngabo ukuqaphela ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngabo bese befuna ukwelashwa.

Izimpawu ezivamile ze-Wernicke encephalopathy:

• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi noma ukungakwazi ukulawula ukunyakaza (ataxia).
• 'Ukuhlangana'.
• Ukudideka, ukuphambana kwengqondo.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba, ukuhamba okungazinzile.
• Ukozela.
• Ukushisa komzimba okuphansi ngendlela engavamile (i-hypothermia).
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo: ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo (i-tachycardia) noma umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-hypotension).
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuhambisana kwemisipha (ataxia).

Izinkinga zamehlo nazo zivamile:

• Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungavamile (i-nystagmus).
• Ukubona okukabili.
• Ukugoba kwejwabu elingaphezulu (i-ptosis).
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwemisipha yamehlo noma ubuthakathaka (i-ophthalmoplegia).

Uma i-Wernicke encephalopathy ingelashwa, ingaqhubekela ku-Korsakoff syndrome, isifo sokukhumbula isikhathi eside. Izimpawu zayo zifaka:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo ngokuphelele (`i-Amnesia`) noma ukungakwazi ukukhumbula noma yini entsha.
• Izinguquko zokuziphatha: ukucasuka, intukuthelo esheshayo.
• 'Ukuhlangana'.
• Ukuphambana kwengqondo nokudideka.
• Ukukhathala noma ukudinwa.
• Ukuphupha izinto ezingekho, ikakhulukazi uma uyeka utshwala.
• Ukungakwazi ukugxila.
• Ukuhamba okungazinzile.

Ezinye izimpawu azithuthuki ngokuphelele ngisho noma sezelashwe. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi ('coma') kungenzeka. Uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe elahlekelwa ukwazi, noma uma unezimpawu ze-'Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome', bona udokotela noma uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Ihlolwa kanjani i-'Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome'?

Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwalesi simo 'se-WKS' kubalulekile ukuze ukwelashwa kuphumelele. Odokotela bayasixilonga ngokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukubuza ngezimpawu zakho, nokubuza ngomlando womndeni wakho. Kodwa-ke, kungaba nzima ukuxilonga uma othile edidekile noma enenkinga yokukhumbula.

Udokotela uzohlola ngqo lezi zinto:

• Ingabe zikhona izinkinga zokusebenzisa utshwala (`Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala`)?
• Ingabe kukhona ukungondleki kahle?
• Ingabe kukhona ukuntuleka kwe-thiamine?

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisiza ekuxilongeni i-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Udokotela wakho uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga kashukela egazini lakho kanye ne-thiamine. Angase futhi acele ukuhlolwa kotshwala egazini ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi, njengoba lokhu kungabonisa ukulimala kwesibindi.

Kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo ukuze kuhlolwe ezinye izimbangela:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-'Arterial blood gas' (ABG) kuhlola amazinga e-carbon dioxide kanye nomoya-mpilo egazini.
• 'Inani legazi eliphelele' ('Inani legazi eliphelele - CBC`).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Toxicology.

Kungase kudingeke futhi ukuthi ube nokuhlolwa kwezithombe okufana nalokhu:

• 'I-CT scan'.
• 'I-MRI' ('I-MRI`).
• 'I-Electrocardiogram' (`I-Electrocardiogram - EKG`).

Ingabe i-Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome ingelapheka? Yelashwa kanjani?

Eqinisweni, ayelapheki ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa kusenesikhathi, izimpawu zingaphela futhi ezinye zazo zingabuyiselwa emuva. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isimo esithi "Wernicke encephalopathy" singamiswa ekubeni sibi kakhulu sibe yi-"Korsakoff syndrome".

Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kungalawula noma kuthuthukise izimpawu ezifana nokudideka, izinkinga zamehlo, kanye nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi. Udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele wena.

Lokhu okulandelayo kuvame ukwenziwa njengokwelashwa:

• Ukunikeza i-vitamin B1 ngamaphilisi noma imijovo.
• Uma umzimba uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni, faka usawoti ngokusebenzisa "i-IV fluids".
• Ukwelapha izinkinga ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kotshwala.
• Ukunikeza ukwesekwa kokudla okunempilo.
• Nikeza eminye imithi uma kudingeka.

Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuthola lesi simo?

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuyeka noma ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuthola i-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Futhi, ukuthola ukudla okunempilo, futhi uma kudingeka, ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-thiamine ngendlela yokujova noma amaphilisi kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho, ikakhulukazi kulabo abalutha utshwala.

Kuyini ukubikezela kokugula komuntu one-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe enalesi simo, ukubikezela kuncike ekutheni izimpawu zimbi kangakanani nokuthi lesi sifo sitholakala futhi selashwe ngokushesha kangakanani. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungaguqula izimpawu futhi kuvimbele izinkinga zesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, uma kungelashwa, kungaholela ekukhubazekeni ngisho nasekufeni.

Kufanele ufune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha ngalesi simo?

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enezimpawu ze-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Kungase kudingeke ushayele udokotela wakho ucingo noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa kwe-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome akuwona umsebenzi olula. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela bese uthola ukwelashwa. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho, njengokunciphisa ukuphuza utshwala (noma ukubuyeka ngokuphelele) nokudla ukudla okunempilo. Lezi zinto zizokusiza kakhulu ukululama kwakho.

Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela ukuze uphathe izinkinga futhi welaphe izimpawu. Uzokwakha uhlelo lokunakekelwa oluqondene nawe olufanele wena futhi lukusize ubuyele empilweni yakho.

I-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome iyisifo sokukhumbula esingavamile kodwa esibi kakhulu. Sidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ukuze kuncishiswe izimpawu futhi kuvinjelwe izinkinga. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, kuvela izimpawu zesimiso sezinzwa, njengokudideka okukhulu nokudideka. Lezi zimpawu zingenza kube nzima ngawe noma kothile oseduze nawe ukubona isimo sakho. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuxilonga lesi sifo kusenesikhathi. Udokotela wakho uzoncoma uhlelo lokwelashwa oluhambisana nezidingo zakho.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nansi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule nge-'Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome' esikhulume ngayo:

• Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu esithinta ubuchopho kanye nenkumbulo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-thiamine (i-vitamin B1).
• Isici esiyinhloko sengozi ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile.
• Isigaba sokuqala yi-Wernicke encephalopathy, okuthi uma ingelashwa, ingaholela enkingeni yenkumbulo yesikhathi eside ebizwa ngokuthi i-Korsakoff syndrome.
• Ukudideka, ubunzima bokuhamba, izinkinga zokubona, kanye nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kungaba yizimpawu eziyinhloko.
• Ukuxilongwa okusheshayo kanye nokwelashwa okuphuthumayo nge-thiamine kubalulekile.
• Nakuba kungelapheki ngokuphelele, ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungalawula izimpawu futhi kuvimbele umonakalo ohlala njalo.
• Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ekhombisa lezi zimpawu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

I- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, ukuntuleka kwe-thiamine, i-vitamin B1, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ukuphazamiseka kwenkumbulo, ukuphazamiseka kobuchopho, izifo zezinzwa