Ingabe ingane yakho encane ayikakhulumi kahle? Noma ingabe umuntu omaziyo, mhlawumbe ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, unenkinga yokukhuluma noma yokugwinya? Namuhla sikhuluma ngochwepheshe okhona ukusisiza ezikhathini ezinjengalezi, kodwa okungakhulunywa kakhulu ngaye phakathi kwethu. Lowo ngumelaphi wezinkulumo nolimi, noma njengoba sonke sazi, umelaphi wezinkulumo.
Ngubani isazi sezifo zolimi lokukhuluma (SLP)? Wenzani?
Kalula nje, i-SLP (i-SLP) inguchwepheshe wezempilo oxilonga futhi elapha izinkinga zokukhuluma, ukuxhumana kanye nokugwinya. Sivame ukubabiza ngokuthi 'Ochwepheshe Bezokwelapha Inkulumo'.
Cabanga nje, laba bantu bangasiza ngezinkinga ezinjengalezi kunoma ubani, kusukela enganeni encane kuya kumuntu osekhulile. Lokho kusho ukuthi sithola izinsizakalo zabo ezinkingeni eziningi ezahlukene, kusukela enganeni enenkinga yokukhuluma kancane kuya kothile olahlekelwe ikhono lokukhuluma ngenxa yokulimala kobuchopho.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi yini ngempela le ngcweti eyenza lokhu:
Okokuqala, bazokuhlola wena noma ingane yakho ngokucophelela ukuze bathole ukuthi inkinga iyini nokuthi yini eyibangelayo . Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwakha uhlelo lokwelapha oluhambisana nenkinga kanye nawe. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokunikeza ukwelashwa ngokuvumelana nalolo hlelo. Bazophinde baqaphe njalo ukuthi isimo sakho sithuthuka kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Benza izinto ezahlukahlukene ngale njongo. Isibonelo:
- Ukufundisa indlela yokuphimisela imisindo yamagama ngendlela efanele.
- Ukuzijwayeza ukukhuluma ngokucacile, kalula, futhi ngaphandle kokungabaza.
- Ukunikeza izivivinyo ezahlukene zokuqinisa imisipha esetshenziselwa ukukhuluma nokugwinya.
- Kukusiza ukwandisa inani lamagama owaqondayo nowasebenzisayo.
- Ukufundisa indlela yokuhlanganisa amagama ukuze kwakheke umusho.
- Ukufundisa abantu abanenkinga yokukhuluma ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana (isib. amadivayisi akhethekile, amabhodi okuxhumana).
- Ukufundisa isiguli nomndeni ngendlela yokuphila nalezi zinkinga.
Abantu abaningi bayadida lokhu kokubili. `Isazi Sezifo Zolimi Lwenkulumo (SLP)` kanye `Isazi Sezifo Zolimi Lwenkulumo` ababona ochwepheshe ababili abahlukene, kodwa bangochwepheshe abafanayo. I-SLP yigama lochwepheshe elinembile kakhulu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zokwelapha ezikhona?
Izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa umelaphi wezinkulumo zincike ezintweni eziningi, njengobudala bakho kanye nembangela yesimo sakho. Ake sibheke ngokushesha ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko kuthebula elingezansi.
| Uhlobo Lokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa kokuxhumana | Ukuzijwayeza ukuphimisela amagama nemisindo ecacile. Imidlalo eyahlukahlukene ingasetshenziswa ezinganeni. |
| Ukwelashwa nge-motor therapy ngomlomo | Ukuhlinzeka ngezivivinyo zokuqinisa imisipha ezungeze umlomo (ezisiza ekukhulumeni nasekugwinyeni). |
| Ukwelashwa kokungenelela kolimi | Ukusiza ingane enenkinga yokukhuluma noma yokukhubazeka kolimi. |
| Ukwelashwa kwe-VitalStim | Ukunikeza ukuvuselelwa kagesi endaweni yentamo, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanenkinga yokugwinya ngemva kwezimo ezifana nesifo sohlangothi. |
| Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo KukaLee Silverman (LSVT) | Kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukulawula izwi, ivolumu, kanye nokulawula ukubonakaliswa kobuso. |
Yiziphi izimo ezelashwa ngudokotela wezifo zokukhuluma?
Udokotela wezifo zokukhuluma welapha izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ake sizihlukanise zibe yizigaba eziningana eziyinhloko.
1. Ukuphazamiseka Kwenkulumo
Lokhu kunzima ekukhiqizeni imisindo.
- I-Apraxia: Inkinga yobuchopho enikeza iziyalezo emisipheni edingekayo ukuze ikhulume.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa amagama: Ukungakwazi ukuphimisela imisindo ethile (isib. 's', 'r') ngendlela efanele.
- Ukungingiza: Ukukhubeka, ukuphinda amagama ngenkathi ukhuluma.
- I-Dysarthria: Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obudingekayo ukuze umuntu akhulume ngenxa yokulimala kobuchopho.
2. Ukuphazamiseka Kolimi
Lokhu kunzima ukuqonda okushiwo abanye (ukwamukela) noma ukuveza imibono yakho (ukuveza imizwa yakho).
- I-Aphasia: Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuqonda okushiwo abanye ngenxa yokulimala kobuchopho, njengesifo sohlangothi.
- Inkinga yokucubungula izindlebe: Ubuchopho bunenkinga yokuqonda incazelo yemisindo ngisho noma izindlebe ziyizwa.
3. Izinkinga zokuqonda nokuxhumana
Ukulimala kobuchopho, isifo sohlangothi, noma i-dementia kungathinta inkumbulo, ukunaka, kanye namakhono okucabanga. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukukhuluma, ukulalela, ukufunda, noma ukubhala.
4. Izinkinga Zokugwinya (i-Dysphagia)
Lesi kungaba yisimo esibi kakhulu. Sibonakala ngobunzima bokugwinya ukudla neziphuzo. Izimpawu zingafaka:
- Ukukhwehlela nokuminza ngesikhathi sokudla noma ngemva kokudla.
- Ukudla okuphuma emlonyeni.
- Kuthatha isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile ukuqeda ukudla.
- Ukwehlisa isisindo kanye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
- Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okuvamile njenge-pneumonia (okubangelwa yizinhlayiya zokudla ezingena emigudwini yomoya).
Ingabe wena noma ingane yakho kufanele nibone udokotela wezifo zokukhuluma?
Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho ninezinkinga ezilandelayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabangela ukubonana nodokotela wezifo zokukhuluma.
Uma unenkinga yokukhuluma ngemva kwengozi noma ukugula
Isibonelo, ngemva kwengozi noma isifo sohlangothi, othile angase abe nobunzima bokuxhumana nokuxhumana nabanye. Ukwelapha ngenkulumo kungaba usizo olukhulu ekwakheni kabusha la makhono.
Uma unenkinga yokugwinya ukudla noma ukuphuza amanzi
Lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula. Ubunzima bokugwinya bungabangela ukudla nokuphuza ukungena emgudwini womoya, okungaholela e-pneumonia eyingozi. Ukwelashwa ngokugwinya kungasiza ekuqiniseni imisipha edingekayo ukuze ugwinye futhi kukuqeqeshe kabusha ukuthi ugwinye ngokuphephile.
Uma izingane ezincane zinezinkinga zokudla
Ezinye izingane ezincane azithandi ukudla. Azikwazi ukudla ukudla okuthile (isib. ukudla okujiyile nokunamathelayo). Ziyahlanza noma ziklinyeke lapho zidla. Udokotela wezifo zokukhuluma angasiza nangalokhu.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi inkulumo yengane yakho ihamba kancane kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa neminyaka yayo
Lena inkinga abazali abaningi abanayo. Uma ucabanga ukuthi, "Ezinye izingane ezingontanga yengane yami ziyakhuluma, kodwa ezami azikakhulumi," ungakhathazeki ngakho.
Uma unokungabaza ngento efana nale, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wezingane. Uzohlola ingane yakho, futhi uma kudingeka, akuthumele kudokotela wezifo zokukhuluma. Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha, imiphumela iba mihle.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Abelaphi bezinkulumo nolimi (ama-SLP) baphatha izinkinga zokuxhumana nokugwinya ezithinta noma ubani kusukela ezinganeni ezincane kuya kubantu abadala.
- Zisiza ezimweni ezahlukahlukene, njengokuphuza ukukhuluma kwengane, ukungingiza, ubunzima bokukhuluma ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, kanye nobunzima bokugwinya (i-dysphagia).
- Uma unenkinga mayelana nokukhuluma kwengane yakho, noma amakhono akho/othandekayo akho okukhulumisana noma okugwinya, isinyathelo sokuqala kufanele kube ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
- Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kuklanyelwe umuntu ngamunye futhi kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila.
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