Uhlala ukhathele? Uphaphathekile? Mhlawumbe yi-anemia!

Ingabe nawe uzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele usuku lonke ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ingabe uzizwa unesizungu lapho uhamba kancane noma ukhuphuka izitebhisi ? Uma uzibuka esibukweni, ingabe ubuso bakho nezindebe zakho zibukeka ziphaphathekile? Lezi yizinto esivame ukuzishaya indiva, sicabanga ukuthi, "Mhlawumbe kungenxa yomsebenzi omningi kakhulu." Kodwa lezi zingaba izimpawu zokuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni wakho, okuyinto esiyibiza nge -anemia ngokwezokwelapha. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula.

Kalula nje, kuyini i-anemia?

Kalula nje, i-anemia ukwehla kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi egazini lakho. Lokhu kuboniswa njengenani eliphansi le-hemoglobin noma i-hematocrit embikweni wokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Cabanga ngale ndlela, la maseli abomvu egazi afana nenkonzo yokulethwa kwezimpahla ethwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Umthwalo oyinhloko kuleyo moto yokulethwa kwezimpahla, okungukuthi, iphrotheni ethwala umoya-mpilo, ubizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin. Ngakho-ke uma une-anemia, izinga lale hemoglobin egazini lakho nalo liphansi. Uma liba phansi kakhulu, izicubu zakho nezitho zomzimba (isib. inhliziyo , ubuchopho, izinso) azitholi inani lomoya-mpilo eziwudingayo. Yingakho uqala ukuzwa izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala nokuphelelwa umoya .

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zicashile kangangokuthi ungase ungaziboni. Kodwa njengoba inani lakho legazi lehla, izimpawu ziqala ukuvela. Bheka ukuthi unazo yini lezi zimpawu.

Ingabe i-anemia ingaba yingozi?

Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Akuvamile ukuthi umuntu afe ngenxa ye-anemia. Izinto ezinjalo zingenzeka kuphela ngezifo ezibucayi zofuzo (isib. i-thalassemia, i-sickle cell anemia), uma kukhona ukopha okukhulu engozini, noma ngezimo zezokwelapha ezimbi njengeminye imidlavuza. I-anemia evamile yisimo esingelapheka kalula ngokwelashwa.

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-anemia?

Nakuba kunezinhlobo ze-anemia ezingaphezu kuka-400, zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko.

1. Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yigazi emzimbeni

Lokhu kungaba ukuphuma kwegazi okungazelelwe, okukhulu, noma kungenzeka kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele.

• Izinkinga zesistimu yokugaya ukudla: izilonda zesisu, ama-hemorrhoids, i-gastritis.
• Ezinye izidakamizwa zokuqeda izinhlungu: Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi efana ne-Aspirin ne-Ibuprofen kungabangela izilonda zesisu kanye nokopha kwegazi.
• Ukuhlanzeka kokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane: Ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukopha okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini (izikhathi ezinzima).

2. Ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi okunciphile noma okunephutha

Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi imizimba yethu ayikwazi ukukhiqiza inani elidingekayo lamaseli abomvu egazi.

• I-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni. I-iron ibalulekile ukuze umnkantsha wethu wamathambo wenze i-hemoglobin. Ibangelwa yizici ezifana nokungatholi i-iron eyanele ekudleni (ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane, abantu abadla imifino), kanye nokukhulelwa.
• I-anemia yokuntuleka kwamavithamini: I-Vitamin B12 kanye ne-folate amavithamini amabili abalulekile ekwakheni amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ukuntuleka kwala mavithamini nakho kungaholela ekuntulekeni kwegazi.
• Izifo zomnkantsha: Ezimweni ezifana ne-aplastic anemia, umnkantsha awukwazi ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
• I-Thalassemia kanye ne-Sickle cell anemia: Lezi yizifo zofuzo, okusho ukuthi ezizuzwe njengefa, ezibangela ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi anephutha.

3. Ukubhujiswa okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu

Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hemolytic anemia. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi ewohloka futhi ebhujiswa ngaphambi kokuba aphile isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungabangelwa izifo ezithile, imithi, kanye nezinkinga zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.

Udokotela uhlonza futhi aphathe kanjani lokhu?

Uma unezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubona udokotela . Udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekuxilonga.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuze uthole ukuthi une-anemia yini ngempela, uzocelwa ukuthi wenze i-complete blood count (CBC) . Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umbiko we-FBC (Full Blood Count). Lokhu kungahlola izinto eziningi njengezinga le-hemoglobin egazini lakho kanye nenani lamaseli abomvu egazi.

Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-anemia onayo.

• Uma kungenxa yokuntuleka kwe-iron , udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uthathe izithasiselo ze-iron bese udla ukudla okune-iron eningi (ubhontshisi, isipinashi, inyama ebomvu, amaqanda, i-soy).
• Uma kungenxa yokuntuleka kwamavithamini , uzonikezwa amaphilisi e-vitamin B12 noma e-folic acid.
• Uma kungenxa yesinye isizathu esingathi sína, uzothunyelwa ekwelashweni okuthile okuhlobene naleyo nkinga (isib. ukumpontshelwa igazi).

Ingabe udinga ukukhathazeka kakhulu nge-anemia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Yebo, nakanjani. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umthamo wegazi likamama uyanda cishe ngo-20% - 30%. Futhi, ukukhula komntwana esibelethweni kudinga nenani elikhulu lensimbi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingozi yokuba ne-anemia komama abakhulelwe iphezulu kakhulu.

• Nakuba i-anemia encane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ivamile, uma iba nkulu kakhulu, kunengozi yokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukuzalwa kwengane enesisindo esiphansi.
• Futhi, kungase kube nengozi yokopha ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokubeletha kanye nekhono elinciphile lokulwa nezifo.

Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza amaphilisi ensimbi namavithamini (ikakhulukazi i-folic acid) anikezwa umtholampilo wezempilo womndeni njengoba uyalelwe.