Ingabe ingane yakho ike yaba nomkhuhlane omkhulu ngokuzumayo, amehlo abomvu, kanye nokukhwehlela kanye nekhala eligobhozayo? Bonke omama nobaba bayesaba lapho ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva beqala ukuba namaqhubu amancane abomvu emzimbeni wabo wonke. Lokhu kungaba "isimungumungwane" sonke esike sakuzwa. Ngakho-ke masiqaphele lokhu namuhla. Akukho okufanele ukwesabe, uma ukwazi lokhu kahle, ungabhekana nanoma yisiphi isimo.
Kuyini isimungumungwane?
Kalula nje, isimungumungwane siwukutheleleka ngegciwane. Leli gciwane lihlala emucwini ekhaleni nasemphinjeni womuntu onegciwane. Lingasakazeka kalula kwabanye ngamaconsi amancane akhishwa emoyeni lapho othile ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Ungasithola futhi lesi sifo ngokuthinta indawo enegciwane bese uthinta amehlo akho, impumulo, noma umlomo. Into emangalisayo ukuthi leli gciwane lingaphila emoyeni nasezindaweni kuze kube amahora amabili .
Into eyingozi kakhulu ngalokhu ukuthi kuyathelelana kakhulu. Cabanga nje, uma ungakagonyelwa isimungumungwane, futhi usegumbini nomuntu onesimungumungwane, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi uzitholele lesi sifo wena ngokwakho, okungama-90% .
Enye into ebalulekile ukuthi ungasabalalisa lesi sifo komunye umuntu kuze kube yizinsuku ezi-4 ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqubuka okubomvu emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungasabalalisa igciwane kwabanye ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi unesifo. Futhi, ungasabalalisa lesi sifo komunye umuntu kuze kube yizinsuku ezi-4 ngemva kokuba ukuqubuka sekuphelile.
Ziyini izimpawu zesifo se-measles?
Isimungumungwane sivame ukukhula ngezigaba esikhathini esingamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Igciwane alibonisi zimpawu ezinsukwini zokuqala eziyi-10-14 ngemva kokungena emzimbeni. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi isikhathi sokufukamela. Yilapho-ke izimpawu ziqala ukuvela khona.
Ake siqonde lezi zigaba ngokucacile kusukela kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isiteji | Izimpawu |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu zokuqala (izinsuku ezingu-4-7) | Ngokuvamile, umkhuhlane omkhulu uza kuqala. Kanye nalokho, kuba khona ikhala eligobhozayo, ukukhwehlela, amehlo abomvu, nomphimbo obuhlungu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ungase ubone amabala amancane amhlophe ( amabala eKoplik ) angabonwa udokotela kuphela, avela ngaphakathi emlonyeni nasezihlathini. |
| Kuvela amabala abomvu | Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva komkhuhlane, kuvela amaqhubu abomvu, amancane, anamaqhubu. Lokhu kuqala kuqala ezinweleni noma entanyeni. Bese kusakazeka emzimbeni wonke, okuhlanganisa izingalo, imilenze kanye nezinyawo. Njengoba la maqhubu esakazeka, umkhuhlane ungakhuphuka ufike ku-40-41 Celsius (105 Fahrenheit). |
| Ukululama | Amabala aqala ukufiphala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuvela kwawo. Lokhu kwenzeka futhi kusukela ebusweni kuya phansi. Lokho kusho ukuthi amabala aphinde afiphala ngendlela efanayo naleyo avela ngayo. |
Yiziphi izinto ezingabangela ingozi yokuthola isimungumungwane?
I-measles isakazeka kalula. Igciwane likhishwa emoyeni uma umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokuphefumula lowo moya. Singasakazeka nangokuthinta noma yikuphi ukukhithika okuvela ekhaleni noma emlonyeni womuntu onegciwane.
Usengozini enkulu yokuthola isimungumungwane uma:
- Uma ungakawutholi umuthi wokugomela i-MMR: Ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane kanye nomama abakhulelwe.
- Uma unesifo sokuntuleka kwevithamini A: Uma abantu abanesifo sokuntuleka kwevithamini A bethola isimungumungwane, izimpawu zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu.
- Uma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka: Abantu abanesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka ngenxa yesinye isimo sezokwelapha (isib. i-leukemia) noma ukwelashwa (isib. ukwelashwa komdlavuza) basengozini enkulu.
- Uma usanda kuhamba uye kwamanye amazwe: Amanye amazwe asengozini ngoba isimungumungwane sivame kakhulu kulabo abaye baya lapho.
Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu? Kuyini ukwelashwa?
Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho uzohlola umzimba wakho ngokucophelela. Bazobheka namabala amhlophe emlonyeni wakho abizwa ngokuthi "amabala e-Koplik." Ngezinye izikhathi, bangase benze nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi akukabikho umuthi othize ongabulala igciwane lesimungumungwane. Njengoba kuyigciwane, ama-antibiotic awanikezi noma yiluphi ikhambi.
Nokho, kunezinto ongazenza uma uthola lesi sifo.
- Ukugonywa ngemva kokuchayeka: Uma ungakagonywa, ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-MMR zingakapheli amahora angu-72 kusukela utholakale kumuntu onesimungumungwane kungavimbela lesi sifo noma kunciphise ubukhulu bezimpawu.
- I-immune serum globulin:Uma omama abakhulelwe, izingane ezincane kakhulu, noma noma ubani onesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka evezwa esigulini, lo muthi wokugomela iphrotheni ungavimbela noma wehlise ubukhali besifo ngokuwunikeza zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-6.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isimungumungwane sibangela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, njengokutheleleka kwendlebe noma i-pneumonia, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ama-antibiotic ukuze aselaphe.
Izinto ongazenza ekhaya:
- Imithi yokwehlisa umkhuhlane: Sebenzisa imithi yokwehlisa umkhuhlane njengeParacetamol njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho. Ungalokothi unike izingane i-aspirin.
- I-Vitamin A: Ukuthatha i-vitamin A njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho kunganciphisa ubukhulu bezimpawu.
- Phumula ngokwanele: Ukuphumula kubalulekile ukuze umzimba ululame.
- Phuza uketshezi oluningi: Phuza amanzi amaningi, iphalishi, kanye nojusi wezithelo ukuze uvimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yomkhuhlane nokujuluka.
- Nciphisa ukukhanya: Nciphisa ukukhanya ekamelweni noma ugqoke izibuko zelanga ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka kwamehlo okubangelwa ukukhanya.
Izinkinga eziyingozi ezingase zivele ngenxa yesimungumungwane
Isimungumungwane akusona nje isifo esincane esibangela amabhamuza ambalwa bese siphela. Singabangela izinkinga ezinkulu kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 kanye nabantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
- Ukutheleleka kwendlebe: Lena inkinga evame kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ingaholela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa unomphela.
- I-pneumonia: Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamaphaphu.
- Uhudo: Uhudo olubi kakhulu lungabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
- I-Encephalitis: Lokhu ukutheleleka kobuchopho. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayi-1,000 othola isimungumungwane uba nalesi sifo. Kungabangela ukungezwa, ukulimala kobuchopho, ngisho nokufa.
- Izinkinga zokukhulelwa: Isimungumungwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa singaholela ekuzalweni okunesisindo esiphansi, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, noma ngisho nokufa kumama.
- I-SSPE (i-Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis): Lokhu kuyinkinga engavamile kakhulu, kodwa ebulalayo. Yisifo esithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi eminyakeni engu-7-10 ngemva kwesimungumungwane.
Ukuvimbela kungcono kakhulu - ukubaluleka komjovo we-MMR
Indlela engcono kakhulu newukuphela kwayo yokuzivikela ekwesabeni iwukugoma. Lokhu kwenziwa ngomuthi wokugoma we-MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella), ovikela kuzo zonke izifo ezintathu: i-measles, mumps, kanye ne-rubella.
Ngokusho koHlelo Lukazwelonke Lokugoma eSri Lanka, kuyimpoqo ukunikeza ingane yakho lo muthi wokugoma eneminyaka efanele. Ngemva kokuthola imithamo yomibili yalo muthi wokugoma, kunezinga eliphezulu lokuvikelwa elingaba ngu-97%. Isisebenzi sezempilo somndeni wakho noma udokotela uzokwazisa ngalokhu ngqo.
Izinkulungwane zezifundo emhlabeni jikelele ziye zaqinisekisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana phakathi komjovo we-MMR kanye ne-autism. Ngakho-ke ungakhohliswa yizindaba ezinjalo ezingenasisekelo.
Umuthi wokugomela i-MMR uphephile kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, akufanele unikezwe abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kakhulu (njengalabo abathola ukwelashwa komdlavuza), noma abantu abanezinkinga ezinkulu zokungezwani komzimba nanoma yiziphi izithako zomuthi wokugomela. Ngakho-ke, uma unenkinga ngokuthola umuthi wokugomela, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
Uma usola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho inezimpawu zesimungumungwane, hlala kude nabanye abantu futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma uya esibhedlela, yazisa isibhedlela ukuthi usola ukuthi unesisimungumungwane ngokushesha nje lapho ufika. Lokhu kuzobenza bakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuvimbela ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kwezinye iziguli.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Mass iyisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu esibangelwa yigciwane, kodwa singavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokugoma.
- Umuthi wokugomela i-MMR uyindlela engcono kakhulu nephephile yokuvikela isimungumungwane. Gomela ingane yakho ngesikhathi.
- Umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ikhala eligobhozayo, namehlo abomvu yizimpawu zokuqala ezibonakala ngaphambi kokuba umzimba ugule. Qaphela lokhu.
- Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-measles. Ukuphumula ngokwanele nokuphuza uketshezi oluningi kuyisihluthulelo.
- Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho eba nezimpawu zesimungumungwane, zihlukanise nabanye ngokushesha bese ucela iseluleko sezokwelapha.
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