Kweminye imithi, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi elwa namagciwane, akunjalo? Ngokuvamile iyimithi eyinhloko esiyisebenzisela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sinikela ngamuphi umuthi olwa namagciwane, singamelana nawo, futhi amagciwane ayingozi (esiwabiza nangokuthi 'ama-superbug') angangena emizimbeni yethu. Ngakho-ke senzani ezikhathini ezinjengalezi? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokwelashwa okungajwayelekile kodwa okunamandla kakhulu okungasiza ezikhathini ezinjengalezi. Lokho yi-Phage Therapy.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Phage Therapy?
I-Phage noma i-bacteriophage uhlobo lwegciwane. Ungesabi ukubuza, "Ingabe yigciwane?" Leli akulona igciwane elifana ne-Corona noma i-Dengue elisenza sigule. Okuwukuphela kwento ehloselwe futhi ukudla okuwukuphela kwala magciwane e-phage yibhaktheriya. Awalimazi amangqamuzana abantu. Cabanga ngakho njengomkhosi okhethekile oqeqeshwe ukuzingela amagciwane.
I-Phage ayilona igciwane elenziwe ngumuntu. Itholakala ngokwemvelo yonke indawo emhlabeni - enhlabathini, emanzini, futhi, ngokumangazayo, emzimbeni wakho. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa nge-phage kuhilela ukusebenzisa leli gciwane le-phage, eliyisitha esikhethekile salelo gciwane, ukulwa negciwane elingenakulibulala ngisho nama-antibiotic.
Ngakho-ke lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kanjani?
Lena inqubo yemvelo ethakazelisayo kakhulu. Igciwane le-phage alikwazi ukuzala ngokwalo, okungukuthi, ukwanda. Lidinga ngempela igciwane ukuze lenze kanjalo.
1. Ukuqashelwa komgomo: Okokuqala, igciwane le-phage lithola igciwane elithile elingalibhubhisa bese lizinamathisela ebusweni balo.
2. Ukufaka i-DNA: Okulandelayo, igciwane le-phage lifaka ulwazi lwalo lwezakhi zofuzo, okungukuthi, i-DNA, engqamuzaneni lebhaktheriya.
3. Ukulawula: Iseli lebhaktheriya manje selilawulwa ngokuphelele yigciwane le-phage. Lisebenzisa wonke amandla ebhaktheriya, liqala ukwenza amakhulu amagciwane amasha e-phage lisebenzisa i-DNA engenile.
4. Ukubhujiswa nokusabalala: Uma kungasekho ndawo ngaphakathi kweseli lebhaktheriya yokwakha amagciwane amasha e-phage, iseli lebhaktheriya liyaqhuma. Bese kuthi amakhulu ezinkulungwane zalawo magciwane amasha e-phage aphume, athole amanye amagciwane, bese eqala umjikelezo wokuwabhubhisa nawo.
Odokotela basebenzisa le ndlela ngale ndlela elandelayo: Babona ngqo amagciwane abangela ukutheleleka emzimbeni wakho. Bese, 'emtatsheni wezincwadi ze-phage' wezinkulungwane ze-phage ezahlukene, bakhetha ngqo i-phage ehlasela lawo magciwane bese beyisebenzisela ukwelapha.
Ucwaningo oluthile luthole ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-phage, uma kuhlanganiswa nama-antibiotic akhona, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwalawo ma-antibiotic.
Kunezimo eziningana lapho lokhu kwelashwa kungasiza khona:
- Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okuhambisana ne-cystic fibrosis
- Ukutheleleka kwendlebe okubangelwa yibhaktheriya i-P. aeruginosa
- Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi-E. coli noma i-P. aeruginosa bacteria
- Ukutheleleka kwezilonda zemilenze ezingapholi
- Ukutheleleka kwamehlo ngamagciwane
- I-Sepsis (ukutheleleka kwegazi) ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa
- Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo
- Ukutheleleka kwamanxeba ngemva kokuhlinzwa
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokwelashwa nge-phage?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa, lokhu kunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi ezithile. Ake sibheke kokubili. Ake sixoxe ngezinzuzo kuqala.
| Inzuzo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Umgomo othize | Uma sisebenzisa ama-antibiotic, abulala amabhaktheriya amabi kanye nama-bacteria amahle alungele imizimba yethu. Kodwa ukwelashwa nge-phage kuqondile kakhulu. Kuhlose amabhaktheriya amabi kuphela abangela ukutheleleka. Ngakho-ke kunomonakalo omncane kakhulu kwamanye amaseli emzimbeni noma amabhaktheriya amahle. |
| Ukunikezwa okukhulu | Uma igciwane liba nokumelana ne-antibiotic, amanye ama-antibiotic esiwasebenzisayo alinganiselwe. Kodwa kunezigidi zama-phage ngokwemvelo. Uma i-phage eyodwa ingasebenzi, kunethuba elihle lokuthi kutholakale enye i-phage efaneleka kakhulu kumagciwane afanayo. |
| Ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo | Kuthatha iminyaka ukuthuthukisa umuthi omusha wama-antibiotic, kodwa ukwelashwa nge-phage okufanelekela ukutheleleka kwesiguli kungatholakala futhi kulinganiswe zingakapheli izinsuku. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kungaqala ngokushesha. |
Ingabe lokhu kungaba yingozi? Ziyini izingozi?
Kunezinto eziningana odokotela abakhathazeka ngazo lapho bekhuluma ngalolu hlobo lokwelashwa.
- Ukuntuleka kolwazi olwanele: Nakuba ukwelashwa nge-phage sekusetshenziswe isikhathi esithile emazweni afana neRussia nePoland, izivivinyo ezinkulu zemitholampilo zesimanje ezingeni lomhlaba wonke zisesezigabeni zazo zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, akukho datha eyanele yokusho ngokuqiniseka okungu-100% ukuthi iyini imiphumela emibi yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside yalokhu kwelashwa.
- Ingozi Yokushaqeka Okubangelwa Yi-Septic: Lena ingozi enkulu. Lapho amagciwane e-phage ephula ngokushesha amangqamuzana ebhaktheriya, izinto ezinobuthi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-endotoxin ngaphakathi kwalawo maseli zingakhishwa emzimbeni. Lokhu kungathinta isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, kubangele umfutho wegazi wehle ngokuzumayo, futhi kubangele ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba. Kodwa khumbula, le ngozi iyafana lapho usebenzisa ama-antibiotic anamandla.
- Ingozi yokudluliswa kwe-DNA: Amagciwane e-Phage angadlulisa i-DNA ngokwemvelo esuka kwelinye igciwane aye kwelinye. Ngakho-ke abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kudluliswa kwe-DNA kungaholela ekudalweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha, eziyingozi zamagciwane. Kodwa asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka, ngoba ososayensi bahlola ngokucophelela ama-phage asetshenziswa kulokhu kwelashwa futhi bakhetha kuphela lawo angenawo ubuthi noma izakhi zofuzo eziyingozi.
Ingabe lolu hlobo lokwelashwa luyatholakala eSri Lanka?
Kuleli qophelo, ukwelashwa nge-phage akukabi ukwelashwa okujwayelekile emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa neSri Lanka. Kusesesigabeni socwaningo, noma kuwela ngaphansi kwesigaba "sokusetshenziswa ngozwelo." Lokhu kusho ukuthi odokotela bangakwazi ukunikeza lokhu kwelashwa kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, lapho zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezivunyiwe zehlulekile futhi kungekho enye indlela yokusindisa impilo , ngemvume ekhethekile.
Le ndlela yokwelapha empeleni ineminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu ubudala. Nakuba yayisetshenziswa kabanzi ngisho naseMelika ngawo-1940, yaphela kancane kancane ngokutholakala kwama-antibiotic. Kodwa manje njengoba inkinga yamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic isibe usongo olukhulu emhlabeni, kube nesithakazelo esisha ekwelashweni kwe-phage. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo ngalokhu lwenzeka ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelashwa nge-phage kusetshenziswa uhlobo olukhethekile lwegciwane (i-phage) ukubhubhisa amagciwane.
- Lokhu kungaba yisisombululo esibaluleke kakhulu esikhathini esizayo sezifo ezinzima ezifana 'nezinambuzane ezinkulu' ezingamelana namagciwane.
- Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kwelashwa kuhlasela ngqo amabhaktheriya amabi kuphela, akukho monakalo omkhulu kakhulu kumabhaktheriya anenzuzo emzimbeni.
- Lokhu kusesesigabeni sokucwaninga emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele futhi akukavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile.
- Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho ninesifo esithathelwanayo esihlala isikhathi eside, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho bese nixoxa ngazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo.
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