Sɛ wudi nnuan bi nso a, wote nka sɛ wo ho yɛ nwonwa kakra? Anaasɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome bere a wohome mfutuma kakra no? Ɛtɔ da a, ɛte sɛ nea saa nneɛma yi yɛ nea ɛfata, nanso wɔ nnipa binom fam no, ebetumi ayɛ ɔhaw akɛse. Ɛno ne bere a yehia oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ akisikuru so mmoa . Ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka onii ko a saa ‘allergist’ yi yɛ ne nea ɔyɛ ho asɛm.
Hena ne obi a ɔhwɛ akisikuru?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ akisikuru yɛ oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ nyarewa a ɛka yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu . Susuw ho saa kwan yi so: yɛwɔ asraafo dɔm ketewaa bi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu a wɔfrɛ wɔn nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa. Eyi na ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a nhyehyɛe yi fi ase yɛ ade tra so. Ɛno na ɔhaw ahorow sɔre.
Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa pii wɔ hɔ a nnuruyɛfo yi sa titiriw:
- Allergies ne allergic disorders: Eyinom ba bere a yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ ade boro so wɔ biribi a yedi, yɛhome, anaa yɛde yɛn nsa ka ho no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnipa binom nya akisikuru bere a wɔadi shrimp akyi, bere a afoforo fi ase fefe bere a wɔde wɔn nsa aka ɔkraman no.
- Akisikuru: Eyi ne bere a mframa kwan a ɛwɔ yɛn ahurututu mu no ho hyehye no. Ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama nnipa a wɔwɔ ayamtu mpofirim sɛ wɔbɛhome esiane nneɛma bi a ɛkanyan wɔn te sɛ mfutuma, wusiw, anaa awɔw nti.
- Nyarewa titiriw a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Eyinom yɛ nea emu yɛ den kakra. Eyinom yɛ awosu mu nyarewa. Eyi ma yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Nyarewa yi ahorow bɛboro 200 na ɛwɔ hɔ.
Hena ne Mmofra Ho Ɔbenfo?
Seesei ebia woresusuw ho sɛ ebia ɔhaw ahorow yi betumi aka mmofra nkumaa nso anaa. Yiw, nkokoaa, mmofra, ne mpanyimfo nkumaa nso betumi anya akisikuru, ayamtu, ne nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa. Ɛno ne bere a mmofra ho oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ akisikuru so hu wɔn na ɔsa wɔn yare. Ɔte sɛ obi a ɔyɛ mpanyimfo a wɔn ho yɛ wɔn hyew, nanso ɔde n’adwene si mmofra so titiriw.
Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ akisikuru ne obi a ɔhwɛ nipadua no mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa so ntam?
Eyi nso yɛ asɛm a nnipa pii bisa. Yɛtaa de asɛmfua ‘allergist’ di dwuma de kyerɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔsa nneɛma te sɛ allergies ne ayamtu, na ɛtɔ mmere bi nso a ɔsa nyarewa a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu. Afei, ‘immunologist’ yɛ onipa koro no ara. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ‘ɔbenfo a ɔhwɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa’ betumi de n’adwene asi nyarewa a ɔsa wɔ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no so kɛse, anaasɛ ɔbɛyɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ho. Mpɛn pii no, saa baanu yi yɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ adwuma koro mu, kyerɛ sɛ, nnipa a wɔwɔ ahwehwɛde a ɛne ‘Allergist/Immunologist’ .
Dɛn na saa nnuruyɛfo a wɔyɛ akisikuru yi yɛ?
Oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ akisikuru hwehwɛ ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu na ɔsa. Nea obetumi ayɛ ni:
- Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ allergy ho: Eyi bɛhwɛ sɛ wowɔ allergy wɔ nneɛma te sɛ nnuan, pollen (a efi sare, nnua, ne nwura mu), afieboa dander , ne nsunsu ho anaa.
- Wɔnam ahurututu mu dwumadi a wɔsɔ hwɛ so na ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ayamtu.
- Wɔkyerɛw nnuru anaa mfiri ahorow a wɔde siw akisikuru ne ayamtu ano, sa, anaasɛ ɛtew sɛnea emu yɛ den so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia ebehia sɛ nnipa binom de mfiri a wɔde home di dwuma.
- Yɛbɛtu wo fo wɔ nsakraeɛ a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ wɔ w’asetena mu na woakwati nneɛma a ɛkanyan akisikuru anaa ayamtu.
- Wɔde nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa, te sɛ nnuru a wɔde sa akisikuru ma na ama akisikuru so atew. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔde nkakrankakra bɛma nipadua no anya aduru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew no.
- Wohu sɛ obi anya ɔyare a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa.
- Sɛ wo ne nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa te ase a, yɛkamfo akwan horow a wobɛfa so abɔ wo ho ban afi ɔyare mmoawa ho kyerɛ .
- Wɔde immunoglobulin (IVIG) a wɔde fa ntini mu ma sɛ aduru a wɔde sa nyarewa bi a ɛko tia nyarewa.
- Sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew wɔ aduru bi a ɛho hia ho a, wɔyɛ adeyɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Drug desensitization'' sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi anom saa aduru no dwoodwoo.
Nyarewa ahorow bɛn na akisikuru ho animdefo sa?
Eyinom ne aduruyɛ mu tebea horow a nnuruyɛfo yi taa sa no bi:
- Aniwa mu yare a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw (aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw) .
- Allergic rhinitis/hay fever, a wɔsan frɛ no ‘hay fever’.
- Anaphylaxis, akisikuru a emu yɛ den mpofirim
- Angioedema, honam ani a ɛho ahonhon
- Akisikuru
- Nnuru ho akisikuru
- Eczema yɛ honam ani yare.
- Eosinophilic disorders (a mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘eosinophil’ kɔ soro) .
- Aduan ho akisikuru
- Wora a ɛyɛ yaw, a wɔsan frɛ no ‘hives/urticaria’.
- Nkoekoemmoa a wɔwea ho akisikuru
- Latex a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew
- Sinus mu yare a ɛtaa ba
Dɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ akisikuru nkyɛn?
Ebia wobɛpɛ nso sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔte sɛɛ nkyɛn esiane nneɛma a edidi so yi nti:
- Hwɛ sɛ wowɔ akisikuru anaa ayamtu anaa.
- Nya ayaresa ma akisikuru anaa ayamtu.
- Sɛ wowɔ yare bi a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a, di ho dwuma.
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ akisikuru nkyɛn?
Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ kɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ akisikuru so. Anaasɛ bisa w’abusua oduruyɛfo (Primary Care Physician) sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo titiriw a ɔte saa nkyɛn anaa.
"So ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhaw yɛn ho kakra wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ho?"
- Sɛ wo nya allergy a emu yɛ den – te sɛ akisikuru, anim anaa tɛkrɛma a ɛho ahonhon, anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome.
- Wowɔ allergy, nanso wunnim nea ɛkanyan no ankasa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, hwehwɛ sɛ ebia bere a wudi nnuan bi anaa bere a wo ne mfutuma di nkitaho nkutoo na ɛba.
- Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wubedi wo akisikuru anaa ayamtu no so, mpo sɛ wonom nnuru na wosakra w’asetra mu a.
- Sɛ akisikuru anaa ayamtu resiw wo kwan sɛ wobɛkɔ w’asetra a ɛfata mu, akɔ adwuma, anaa wobɛyɛ nneɛma a w’ani gye ho a.
- Sɛ wotaa hwirew, wofefe, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wo home yɛ den a – titiriw bere a woateɛteɛ w’apɔw mu anaa anadwo.
- Sɛ woreyare bere nyinaa, anaasɛ sɛ yare bi a ɛtaa ba te sɛ atiridii gye bere tenten ansa na wo ho atɔ wo a, eyi betumi akyerɛ sɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsɔ akisikuru hwɛ?
Oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ akisikuru betumi de nhwehwɛmu ahorow adi dwuma de ahu akisikuru ko a wowɔ. Wɔn mu bi ni:
- Skin prick/scratch tests: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wofa biribi a wosusuw sɛ ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew kakraa bi na wode wo honam ani twitwiw. Afei, wɔhwehwɛ nea wɔbɛyɛ, te sɛ kɔkɔɔ ne ɔfe. Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye na ɛyɛ ntɛm.
- Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu:Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔfa wo mogya bi na wɔsɔ hwɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu hwɛ sɛ ebia wo ho yɛ wo hyew wɔ ade pɔtee bi ho anaa.
- Aduan ho nsɛnnennen sɔhwɛ ahorow: Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a egye ahwɛyiye bi. Wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo no de nkakrankakra de aduan bi a wususuw sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew bɛba, bere a ɔhwɛ no yiye hwɛ sɛ ebia wo ho yɛ wo hyew anaa. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ eyi wɔ aduruyɛfo hwɛ ase.
Wɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow a ɛfa akisikuru ho yi akyi no, nea edidi so yi nso betumi asi bere a wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no:
- Ahurututu mu dwumadi ho sɔhwɛ (spirometry, ahurututu mu dwumadi ho sɔhwɛ): Eyi sɔ sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye no hwɛ. Saa nhwehwɛmu yi boa ma wohu ayamtu na wodi ho dwuma.
- Ɔkyerɛ wo sɛnea wode nnuruyɛ nnwinnade bedi dwuma: Wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛ wo sɛnea wode nnwinnade te sɛ epinephrine injectors (ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘Epipen’) bedi dwuma yiye ama akisikuru a emu yɛ den, nnuru a wɔde home, ne nebulizers a wɔde sa ayamtu.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobɛyɛ obi a ɔhwɛ akisikuru?
Ebia eyi nso bɛyɛ biribi a wobɛpɛ sɛ wuhu. Sɛ wobɛyɛ obi a ɔhwɛ akisikuru wɔ Sri Lanka a, ɛsɛ sɛ wudi kan nya aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa (MBBS) wɔ aduruyɛ sukuu mu. Ɛno akyi no, ɛsɛ sɛ wuwie adwumayɛ ho ntetee ne adwumayɛ ho adwumayɛ akyi sɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ ayarefo nyinaa. Ɛno akyi no, ɛsɛ sɛ wunya ntetee titiriw (MD) wɔ Internal Medicine anaa Pediatrics mu. Saa ntetee no akyi no, wobɛtumi anya nteteeɛ titire foforɔ (post-MD nteteeɛ/fellowship) wɔ Allergy ne Immunology mu, atwa sɔhwɛ a ɛfa ho no na woabɛyɛ allergist. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ eyi yɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ahofama ne bere kɛse yɛ.
Awiei koraa no, nneɛma kakraa bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae
Allergy, ayamtu, ne nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa yɛ tebea horow a ebetumi aka yɛn da biara da asetra, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛde nneyɛe a emu yɛ den aba. Nanso mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu . Oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ akisikuru betumi aboa wo ma woahu nneɛma a ɛkanyan wo akisikuru anaa ayamtu, akyerɛw wo ayaresa ahorow a wode bedi wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so, na watu wo fo wɔ asetra mu nsakrae ho na ama woakwati saa nneɛma a ɛkanyan wo no.
"Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nnuruyɛfo yi boa wo ma wote wo tebea no ase, wo ne no tra ase yiye, na womma ɛnhaw w'asetra."
Enti, sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ saa ɔhaw yi a, nsɛe bere nkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Afei wubetumi abɔ bra a apɔwmuden na ahotɔ wom.
` Allergist, Allergy, Asthma, Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa, Allergy Tests, Oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ ɔbenfo, Allergist, Allergy, Asthma, Immune System
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