So wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi nso fa nnuru a ɛma kokoram ho? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm tiawa!

Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka asɛmti bi a ɛho hia nnipa pii, na ebia ɛyɛ hu kakra ho asɛm. Ɛne sɛ, carcinogens , anaa sɛnea wɔfrɛ no wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu no, ``( Carcinogens )``. Ebia woate asɛm yi pɛn, ebia efi oduruyɛfo bi hɔ, anaa atesɛm krataa anaa TV so. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka nea saa nnuru a ɛma kokoram yi yɛ, sɛnea ɛka yɛn nipadua, ne nea yebetumi ayɛ ankasa de abɔ yɛn ho ban afi ho no ho asɛm pefee na yɛrennyɛ adesoa.

Dɛn ne nnuru a ɛma kokoram ba?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ade a ɛma kokoram yɛ ade, mframa, anaa mpo abɔde bi a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram no yɛ kɛse. Fa no sɛ sɛ wobɔ tokuru wɔ kwan so a, ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛhwe ase. Saa nnuru a ɛma kokoram yi yɛ ade koro, ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram no yɛ kɛse.

Mprempren, abenfo ahu nnuru a ɛte saa a ɛde kokoram ba bɛboro 100 . Eyinom betumi ayɛ ahorow ahorow:

• Nneɛma a ɛde kokoram ba wɔ nipadua mu: Sɛ nhwɛso no, mframa a ano yɛ den a efi owia mu ba.
• Nnuru a ɛma obi nya kokoram: Sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma te sɛ asbestos .
• Abɔde a nkwa wom a ɛma kokoram: Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɔyare mmoawa bi nso betumi de kokoram aba.

Nanso ade a ɛho hia wɔ ha ne sɛ, sɛ wode wo ho hyɛ aduru a ɛma kokoram, kyerɛ sɛ, wo ne no di nkitaho a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wubenya kokoram. Mpɛn pii no, nneɛma pii na ɛma obi nya kokoram. Afei nso, bere a yentumi nkwati nnuru bi a ɛde kokoram ba koraa no, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ yebenya kokoram afi mu no so. Yɛbɛka saa asɛm no ho asɛm akyiri yi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuru a ɛma kokoram de kokoram ba?

Sɛ yɛbɛte eyi ase a, ɛsɛ sɛ yehu abusuabɔ a ɛda nnuru a ɛma kokoram ne awosu mu nneɛma a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu, kyerɛ sɛ, yɛn DNA ntam no ho asɛm kakra .

Asɛm ketewaa bi a ɛfa yɛn nipadua ho: DNA ne awosu mu nkwaadɔm

Wo de susuw ho hwɛ, yɛn nipadua te sɛ adwumayɛbea kɛse bi. Saa adwumayɛbea yi wɔ akwankyerɛ ahorow a wɔde yɛ biribiara. Saa akwankyerɛ ahorow no ne yɛn DNA . Saa DNA yi wɔ yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu . Saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi ne akwankyerɛ a yɛde yɛ protein ahorow a ɛhwɛ biribiara a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu, te sɛ sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ nkwammoaa no nyin, sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛpaapae, ne adwuma a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ.

Seesei, sɛ biribi a ɛma kokoram ba nipadua no mu a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛsɛe yɛn DNA. Ɛte sɛ nea woreyɛ mfomso wɔ akwankyerɛ ahorow no mu. Dɛn na ɛba saa bere no? Akwankyerɛ no nkɔ yiye, na nkwammoaa bi a na ɛyɛ adwuma sɛnea ɛsɛ no fi ase dan kokoram nkwammoaa. Eyi nsi prɛko pɛ, ɛba mmiako mmiako, te sɛ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn mu adeyɛ.

Adeyɛ a ɛma kokoram ba

Nneɛma bi a ɛma kokoram sɛe yɛn DNA tẽẽ, na ɛma egyae adwumayɛ yiye. Mmere foforo nso, yɛn nipadua wɔ nhyehyɛe bi a esiesie DNA a asɛe no. Nanso nnuru a ɛde kokoram ba no ntumi mma saa nkwammoaa a wosiesie no mpo nyɛ wɔn adwuma yiye.

Saa DNA a wɔansiesie a asɛe yi betumi ama awosu mu nkwaadɔm bi mu nsakrae aba. Ɛne sɛ, nsakrae a ɛba awosu mu nneɛma mu. Sɛnea nsakrae ahorow yi kyerɛ no, saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm no fi ase de akwankyerɛ a ɛnteɛ kɔma nkwammoaa no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, akwankyerɛ te sɛ "kyɛ dodo, kyekyɛ mu a wuntumi nni so." Ɛno ne bere a nkwammoaa mu paapae a wontumi nni so na ɛyɛ kokoram akisikuru , anaa nneɛma te sɛ mogya mu kokoram.

Nanso kae sɛ eyi nsi da koro pɛ. Bere kɔ so no, nneɛma a ɛma kokoram no boaboa ano wɔ yɛn nipadua mu, na ebia ebegye mfe pii ansa na kokoram afi ase aba.

Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi anya kokoram?

Mmere bi wɔ hɔ a yebetumi anya nnuru a ɛma kokoram a yennim mpo. Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:

• Esiane asetra mu su ahorow bi nti: Tawa a wɔnom (te sɛ sigaret a wɔnom , tawa a wɔwe) yɛ eyi ho nhwɛso titiriw.
• Wɔ adwumam: Nnwumayɛbea ahorow bi de nnuru a ɛma kokoram yɛ nneɛma, na ebetumi ama adwumayɛfo anya bi.
• Esiane ɔyare mmoawa bi nti: Sɛ nhwɛso no, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) betumi ama obi anya kokoram ahorow bi.

Nea ɛho hia: Kae sɛ, sɛ wode wo ho hyɛ aduru a ɛma kokoram mu a, ɛnkyerɛ ankasa sɛ wubenya kokoram.

Nneɛma a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram no yɛ kɛse

Sɛ wohyia aduru bi a ɛma kokoram mpo a, nneɛma afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram no yɛ kɛse:

• Bere tenten a obi de ne ho hyɛ aduru a ɛma kokoram mu: Fa no sɛ, sɛ obi anom sigaret mfe pii, anaasɛ ɔtaa ne nnipa a wɔnom sigaret (wɔfrɛ eyi `wusiw a wɔde nsa a ɛto so abien`), ɛda adi sɛ obenya kokoram sen obi a ɔnnom sigaret na ɔntra tebea a ɛte saa mu.
• Nnuru a ɛma kokoram a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu dodo:Sɛ nhwɛso no, nsa a wɔnom boro so no ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram no yɛ kɛse. Sɛnea Amerika Kokoram Fekuw kyerɛ no, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛnom nsa abien da biara ama mmarima na woanom biako da biara ama mmea.
• Awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae (a wonya fi awo mu): Kokoram ahorow bi (ɛyɛ 5% kosi 12%) fi awosu mu. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔwo nnipa a awosu mu nsakrae a ɛde kokoram ba. Sɛ obi nso nya nnuru a ɛma obi nya kokoram a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obenya kokoram no yɛ kɛse mpo.

Hena na osi gyinae sɛ ebia biribi de kokoram ba anaa?

Eyi nyɛ biribi a wobetumi de apɛde asi gyinae. Asoɛe akɛse pii wɔ wiase a wɔyɛ eyi ho nhwehwɛmu na wohu sɛ ebia biribi de kokoram ba anaasɛ ebetumi ama obi anya kokoram. Ɔman Awuduru Ho Dwumadibea (NTP) a ɛwɔ United States ne Amanaman Ntam Asoɛe a Ɛhwɛ Kokoram Ho Nhwehwɛmu So (IARC) yɛ ahyehyɛde atitiriw abien a ɛte saa.

Saa nnwumakuw yi taa si gyinae ahorow yi denam nsɛm a efi nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ aduruyɛdan mu ne ɔyaredɔm ho nhwehwɛmu mu a wɔhwehwɛ mu so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnansa yi IARC huu nneɛma 122 a ɛde kokoram ba, 93 a ɛda adi sɛ ɛde kokoram ba, ne 319 a ɛda adi sɛ ɛde kokoram ba. Wɔyɛ akontaabu ahorow yi foforo bere ne bere mu, bere a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo no.

Nneɛma ahorow bɛn na ɛde kokoram ba?

IARC kyekyɛ nnuru a ɛma kokoram ba mu akuw atitiriw abiɛsa:

1. Nneɛma a ɛma obi nya kokoram wɔ nipadua mu:

• Ultraviolet mframa a efi owia hann mu ba.
• Ionizing radiation: Eyi betumi afi radon mframa a wobetumi ahu wɔ afie mu, anaasɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu te sɛ X-ray mu.

2. Nnuru a ɛma obi nya kokoram:

• Asbestos a wɔde yɛ adwuma .
• Tawa wusiw.
• Nsã a wɔnom.
• Aflatoxin : Eyi yɛ nsunsu bi a enyin wɔ aduan mu.
• Arsenic : Wobetumi ahu eyi wɔ abɔde mu wɔ mframa, nsu, ne asase mu.

3. Nnuru a ɛma obi nya kokoram wɔ abɔde mu:

• Nyarewa a mmoawa, mmoawa, anaa mmoawa bi de ba .

Dɛn ne nnuru a ɛtaa ma kokoram ba yɛn mu?

Nnuru a ɛma kokoram ba a ebia yebehyia wɔ yɛn da biara da asetra mu, anaasɛ ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma yɛn ani da hɔ ni:

• Nsã: Nsã yɛ ade a wɔada no adi sɛ ɛde kokoram ba. Dodow a wonom nsa pii no, dodow no ara na asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram ahorow, a ti ne kɔn mu kokoram, mmerɛbo mu kokoram, ne aduan mu kokoram ka ho no yɛ kɛse.
• Nneɛma a wɔde tawa yɛ:Ɛnyɛ sigaret, bidis, ne sigaret nko, na mmom tawa a wusiw nnim (te sɛ tawa a wɔwe) ne wusiw a wɔde di dwuma dedaw a wɔde di dwuma no ma kokoram ho asiane no yɛ kɛse.
• UV mframa: Saa mframa yi fi owia hann mu na ebetumi ama obi anya honam ani kokoram. Wobetumi nso afi mframa a wɔde sa yare bi mu aba.
• Radon mframa: Eyi yɛ mframa a enni kɔla a enni huam. Wobetumi ahu saa mframa yi wɔ adan te sɛ afie, sukuu, ne adwumayɛbea ahorow mu. Radon ne ade a ɛto so abien a ɛde ahurututu mu kokoram ba.
• Asbestos: Bere bi a atwam no, na wɔde asbestos di dwuma kɛse sɛ nneɛma a wɔde siw nneɛma ano wɔ adan mu. Ɛda adi sɛ na ɛwɔ adan a wosisii ansa na 1989. Asbestos betumi ama obi anya mesothelioma , kokoram bi a ɛde ahurututu mu kokoram, ahurututu mu kokoram, ne awotwaa mu kokoram ba.
• Formaldehyde: Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ nnipa a wɔde formaldehyde pii di dwuma wɔ adwumayɛbea ahorow bi (sɛ nhwɛso no, aduruyɛdan ahorow, adwumayɛbea ahorow bi) no wɔ asiane a ɛkɔ soro sɛ wobenya myeloid leukemia a emu yɛ den ne kokoram a ɛntaa nsi wɔ hwene mu ntini ne anom ntini mu.
• Nam a wɔayɛ ho adwuma: Wɔaka sɛ nam a wɔde nkyene ahyɛ mu, wusiw afra mu, anaa wɔakora so wɔ ɔkwan foforo so (sɛ nhwɛso no, soseji, bacon, ham) a wodi daa no ne kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu no wɔ abusuabɔ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔbɛtew nnuru a ɛde kokoram ba a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu no so?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, yɛrentumi nkwati nnuru a ɛde kokoram ba nyinaa, nanso yebetumi abɔ yɛn ho ban afi nea yenim sɛ wobetumi asiw ano no ho.

• Kwati tawanom koraa. Sɛ wonom sigaret a, hwehwɛ mmoa na ama woagyae.
• To nsanom ano hye anaasɛ gyae koraa.
• Fa mmoawa a wosusuw sɛ ɛde kokoram ba no bɔ wo ho ban. Sɛ nhwɛso no, HPV vaccine no.
• Bɔ wo honam ani ho ban fi owia hann ne nneɛma afoforo a ɛma hann a ano yɛ den (e.g., fa nkatanim di dwuma bere a owia hann a ano yɛ den wom, fa aduru a ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi owia ho gu so).
• Di aduan a ahoɔden wom akyi. To nam a wɔayɛ no foforo ano hye na di nhabannuru ne nnuaba pii.
• Sɛ wode nnuru yɛ adwuma wɔ adwumam a, di ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe ahorow akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu?

Sɛ wonom tawa anaa wonom nsa daa a, ɛho hia paa sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa. Wo duruyɛfo betumi atu wo fo wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛbɛboa wo ma woagyae sigaretnom ne akwan a wobɛfa so atew nsanom so.

Wubetumi nso abisa wo duruyɛfo no asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram wɔ wo nkwa nna nyinaa mu no ho asɛm. Sɛ wowɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wubenya kokoram pɔtee bi a, wubetumi abɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛkwati nnuru a ɛde kokoram ba a ɛne saa kokoram no wɔ abusuabɔ.

Ɛdenam wo tebea so no, wo duruyɛfo nso betumi akamfo akyerɛ wo sɛ wobɛyɛ kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu pɔtee bi.

Kae sɛ, sɛ wuhu nnuru a ɛma kokoram na wuhu sɛnea wobɛbɔ wo ho ban afi ho a, ɛbɛboa wo ma woakura w’akwahosan nyinaa mu. Ɛbɛma woanya asomdwoe nso sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi atra ase a wunsuro a ɛho nhia.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Nnuru a ɛma kokoram ba a yɛaka ho asɛm no yɛ nneɛma a ebetumi de kokoram aba. Wɔn mu bɛboro 100 na ɛwɔ hɔ. Yebetumi ada wɔn adi wɔ yɛn da biara da asetra mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia arsenic kakraa bi na ɛwɔ nsu a yɛnom no mu, hann a ano yɛ den a efi owia mu no yɛ ade a ɛma kokoram ba, na nnuru bi a wɔde yɛ ofie nso betumi ayɛ nea ɛma kokoram ba.

Ebia wobɛdwene sɛ, "Oh, mɛyɛ dɛn ahu eyinom nyinaa? Mintumi nkyerɛ asiane yi." Ɛno yɛ nea ntease wom. Nanso nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ nneɛma a ɛde yɛn to asiane kɛse mu sɛ yebenya kokoram ne nneɛma a yebetumi adi so, nneɛma a ɛfa yɛn asetra kwan ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, tawa yɛ ade titiriw a ɛde kokoram ba a ɛne kokoram pii wɔ abusuabɔ. Wubetumi atew saa asiane no so kɛse denam gyae a wubegyae no so.

Sɛ wowɔ nneɛma bi a ɛhaw wo wɔ nnuru a ɛde kokoram ba a wode wo ho bɛhyɛ mu no ho a, ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na woaka ho asɛm. Wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wo tebea no nyinaa na wakyerɛkyerɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ ankasa mu. Nimdeɛ yɛ tumi. Sɛ wuhu nea asiane a ɛwɔ wo mu ne sɛnea wobɛtew so a, ebetumi aboa wo ma woasisi w’akwahosan ho gyinae na ama woanya asomdwoe.

` Nneɛma a ɛma kokoram ba, kokoram, akwahosan, nyarewa a wosiw ano, DNA, asetra mu su, sigaretnom