🧠 Dɛn ne Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) a ɛma obi yɛ ade yiye?

"Oduruyɛfo, yɛn babarima no nyɛ adwuma biako mpo a ɔde n'adwene si biribi so. Ɔyɛ fidgeting, mmirikatu, na ohuruw bere nyinaa. Akyerɛkyerɛfo a wɔwɔ sukuu mu ka sɛ ɔntra adesua mu dinn na ɔhaw mmofra no. So eyi yɛ atirimɔdensɛm a yɛahyɛ da ayɛ wɔ yɛn fam, oduruyɛfo?" Dilhani, Kavindu a wadi mfe 7 maame, baa ayaresabea hɔ bɛkaa nea ɛhaw no kyerɛɛ Oduruyɛfo Priya.

Oduruyɛfo Priya maa ne bo dwoe na ɔkyerɛkyerɛɛ mu brɛoo sɛ, "Dilhani, eyi nyɛ biribi a Kavindu ahyɛ da reyɛ. Wɔ aduruyɛ mu no, wɔfrɛ saa tebea yi Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛnam ntini mu nsakrae a ɛnyɛ anifere a ɛba amemene no dwumadi ne ne nkɔso mu. Sɛ wɔde suban ho ntetee a ɛfata ne aduruyɛ mu afotu ma a, saa atirimɔdensɛm ne adwene a wonni yi betumi ayɛ koraa." wɔhyɛ so."

Dɛn ne adwene a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so (ADHD), a wotumi hu wɔ mmofra mu ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a mpanyimfo nso mu? Wɔ asɛm yi mu no, yɛbɛka ne sɛnkyerɛnne, ne su ahorow, nea ɛde ba, ne sɛnea wɔhwɛ mmofra ho asɛm kɔ akyiri.

🤔 Dɛn ne ADHD?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) yɛ ntini mu yare a wɔtaa hu wɔ mmofraase. Ɛnam nsakrae a ɛba amemene no mmeae a ɛka ho wɔ nhyehyɛe, aso tie, ne nkate horow a wodi so no dwumadi mu (anim fã no).

Ɛyɛ den ma mmofra a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi sɛ wobedi wɔn nkate, wɔn nsusuwii, ne wɔn nneyɛe so (adwumayɛfo dwumadi ahorow), na ɛno siw wɔn da biara da nhomasua ne asetra mu dwumadi ahorow kwan.

❓ ADHD abu so dɛn?

Sɛnea akontaabu kyerɛ no, mmofra a wɔadi fi mfe 2 - 17 bɛyɛ 7% - 11% na wɔwɔ ADHD. Wɔtaa hu no wɔ mmarimaa mu sen mmeawa mu bɛboro mmɔho abien. Esiane sɛ mmarimaa a wɔyɛ adwuma boro so ho sɛnkyerɛnne da adi pefee nti, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔde wɔn bɛkɔ nnuruyɛfo nkyɛn.

❓ ADHD Nkyekyɛmu (ADHD Ahodoɔ) .

Wobetumi akyekyɛ ADHD mu ahorow 3 a egyina sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw a abofra no da no adi so:
1. Nsɛm a Wɔka a Ɛnyɛ Adwene Titiriw: Wɔ eyi mu no, ɛwom sɛ fidgeting no sua de, nanso ɛyɛ den kɛse sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so de wɔn adwene asi so. Ɛwom sɛ kan no na wɔfrɛ eyi ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) de, nanso mprempren wɔde ahyɛ ADHD ase.
2. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation: Wɔ saa nkyerɛkyerɛmu yi mu no, nneyɛe a ɛboro so te sɛ mmirikatu, ahuruhuruw, fidgeting, ne abotare a wonni na ɛwɔ hɔ sen sɛ wɔbɛyɛ ahwɛyiye a wonni.
3. Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a Wɔaka abom: Nsɛm a wɔtaa ka (ayarefo 70% hyɛ saa kuw yi mu) ne baabi a wohu sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa wɔn adwene nsi biribi so ne nea wɔyɛ boro so no nyinaa pɛpɛɛpɛ.

🤒 Dɛn ne ADHD ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Sɛ wobehu yare no a, ɛsɛ sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ba anyɛ yiye koraa no asram 6 a ɛtoatoa so wɔ mmeae abien wɔ abofra no asetra mu (e.g., fie ne sukuu).

#### Nsɛnkyerɛnne a Ɛkyerɛ sɛ Wɔmfa Wɔn adwene nsi biribi so:

• Mfomso a wɔtaa di a wɔmfa ahwɛyiye nyɛ wɔ sukuu dwumadi ne da biara da dwumadi ahorow mu.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛma w’adwene akɔ so bere a woredi agoru anaa woresua ade no.
• Sɛ obi rekasa tẽẽ a, n’ani nnye atie ho a wɔbɛkyerɛ.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wubedi akwankyerɛ ahorow akyi yiye na woawie nnwuma wɔ bere ano.
• Da biara da nneɛma te sɛ nhoma, agode, ne pɛnsere a wɔtaa werɛ fi na wɔhwere.
• Abɔnten so nsɛm nketenkete mpo a ɛbɛtwetwe w’adwene.

#### Adeyɛ a ɛboro so/Nneyɛe a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so Nsɛnkyerɛnne:

• Akwaa a ɛtaa yɛ basaa anaasɛ ɛkyinkyin bere a ɔte baabi biako no.
• Mpɛn pii no sɔre fi w’akongua so wɔ adesua mu anaa fie na wotu mmirika di akɔneaba.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛbɔ agoru anaasɛ wobɛhome brɛoo.
• Ɔkasa a ɛtra so a ennyae.
• Sɛ́ wobɛhaw wo ho sɛ wubebua asɛmmisa bi ansa na awie.
• Abotare a obi nni sɛ ɔbɛtwɛn ne bere.
• Afoforo nkɔmmɔbɔ anaa agodie a wobetwa mu.

🤔 Nneɛma a ɛde ADHD ba

Ɛwom sɛ wonnya nhuu nea ɛde tebea yi ba ankasa de, nanso sɛnea nyansahu mu nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ no, nea ɛde ba titiriw ne nea edidi so yi:

• Awosu: Sɛ obi wɔ abusua no mu wɔ ADHD a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ abofra no benya bi no bɛyɛ 75%.
• Nsakrae a ɛba ntini mu wɔ amemene no mu: Ntini mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnkari pɛ, nnuru te sɛ dopamine ne noradrenaline, a ɛde nkrasɛm kɔ amemene no mu.
• Nsunsuansoɔ a ɛba wɔ nyinsɛn mu: Ɛna no a ɔnom sigaret, nsa, anaa nnubɔne wɔ nyinsɛn mu, anaa nnuru (e.g., kɔbere) a ɔde ne ho hyɛ mu dodo.
• Awo a ɛba ntɛm: Akokoaa a wɔwo no ansa na ne bere nyinaa adu anaasɛ ne mu duru sua koraa.

> [!NHYƐ NO NSO].
> Asikre a wodi pii, TV anaa telefon a wokura kyin a wɔhwɛ pii, anaa awofo a wɔnyɛ papa no mma obi nnya ADHD. Nanso wobetumi ama yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no asɛe kɛse.

🚨 Nsɛnnennen a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a sɛ wobu ani gu so a ebetumi aba (Red Flags) .

Sɛ wɔansa ADHD yiye a, abofra no betumi ahyia ɔhaw ahorow a edidi so yi bere a ɔrenyin no:

• Nhomasua mu akyigyina ne adwuma a entumi nnyina.
• Nnipa a Wobu Wɔn Ho a enye ne asetra mu abusuabɔ a asɛe.
• Adwene mu haw ahorow te sɛ dadwen ne adwenemhaw.
• Nneyɛe a mmara mma ho kwan na asiane wom a efi abufuw a wɔanhyɛ so mpofirim mu ba.
• Nnubɔne a Wɔde Di Dwuma Ho Ɔhaw.

🛠️ Adeyɛ Anammɔn a Wɔde Boa Abofra a ɔwɔ ADHD

• Anamɔn a edi kan: Sɛ wowɔ wo ba no nneyɛe ho dadwen bi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ mmofra titiriw anaa mmofra adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ma wohu sɛnea ɔwɔ yare no yiye.
• Anamɔn a ɛto so abien (a wode besi hɔ daa dwumadi no):Kura nhyehyɛe a wɔahyehyɛ a wode bɛsɔre, adidi, adesua, ne nna mu.
• Anamɔn a Ɛto so Abiɛsa (Behavioral Therapy): Sɛ́ awofo no, sɛ ɔyɛ biribi pa a, kamfo mo ba ntɛm ara (Positive Reinforcement). Fa "Time-out" kwan no di dwuma brɛoo na wo bo mfuw bere a abofra no ayɛ n'ade wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so no.
• Anamɔn a Ɛto so Anan (Sukua Tebea a Wobɛsiesie): Bɔ adesuakuw kyerɛkyerɛfo a ɔwɔ sukuu no mu amanneɛ na tu anammɔn a ɛbɛma abofra no atra nkongua bi so wɔ adesuakuw no anim na woakyekyɛ nnwuma no mu nketenkete.
• Anamɔn a Ɛto so Anum (Nnuru a Wɔde Di Dwuma Yiye): Ma mmofra a wɔadi boro mfe 6 nnuru a ɛkanyan wɔn, te sɛ Methylphenidate, sɛnea oduruyɛfo akyerɛ wɔn no.

📊 Ayaresa a Wɔpaw Ntotoho

📖 Fibea ne Nyansahu mu Nkyerɛkyerɛmu

• NHS (UK) Akwankyerɛ a ɛfa ADHD ho: NHS Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Wɔhwɛɛ mu 2026)
• CDC (US) Ayaresabea Nneɛma a ɛfa ADHD ho: CDC ADHD Nsɛnkyerɛnne ne Nhwehwɛmu (Wɔhwɛɛ mu 2026)