Dɛn ne Albinism? Dɛn nti na honam ani ne ti nhwi dan fitaa? - a ɛyɛ Nirogi Lanka

So woahyɛ nnipa bi a wɔn honam ani yɛ fitaa anaasɛ wɔn ti nhwi yɛ fitaa mpo, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔn ani yɛ bruu anaa bruu a ɛyɛ hare no nsow pɛn? Ɔmanfo taa de din ahorow frɛ wɔn, nanso wɔ aduruyɛ mu no, wɔfrɛ saa tebea yi Albinism . Nnipa pii di mfomso gye di sɛ ɛyɛ yare, nanso nokwarem no, ɛnyɛ yare, na saa ara nso na ɛnyɛ ɔyare mmoawa. So yebesua pii afa nea eyi kyerɛ ankasa ho?

Dɛn ankasa ne Albinism?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Albinism yɛ awosu mu tebea a efi aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no melanin ( melanin ) a wɔyɛ no so tew anaasɛ enni hɔ koraa no na ɛde ba.

Susuw melanin ho sɛ wo nipadua no abɔde mu “ink.” Saa aduru yi ma wo honam ani, wo ti nhwi, ne w’ani kɔla . Ankorankoro a wɔwɔ melanin pii no wɔ afã horow a ɛyɛ tuntum, bere a wɔn a wonni pii no wɔ nne a ɛyɛ hare. Wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ Albinism mu no, melanin a wɔyɛ no sua koraa, na ɛno nti na ɛte sɛ nea wɔn honam ani ne wɔn ti nhwi ayɛ fitaa saa no.

Wɔ kɔla a ɛma melanin akyi no, edi dwuma titiriw wɔ w’ani ntini a ɛma w’aniwa no nyin yiye no mu. Esiane eyi nti, nnipa pii a wɔwɔ Albinism no nya aniwa mu yare bi.

So ɛteɛ sɛ wobɛfrɛ obi ‘albino’?

Ebia woate nnipa a wɔwɔ saa yare yi a wɔfrɛ wɔn “an albino.” Nanso, sɛ́ aduruyɛ ho abenfo no, yɛne nnipa pii a wɔwɔ saa yare yi pɛ asɛmfua “obi a ɔwɔ albinism.” Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ ɛnyɛ obu da sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ obi mu denam n’ayaresa tebea nkutoo so. Sɛnea yɛka obi a ɔwɔ asikreyare ho asɛm sɛ “onipa a ɔwɔ asikreyare” mmom sen sɛ yɛbɛfrɛ no no, saa ara na saa kwan yi kyerɛ obu ma onipa no.

So Albinism ahorow ahorow wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, Albinism ahorow atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ. Bio nso, Albinism no afã horow betumi ada adi sɛ awosu mu yare a wɔntaa nhu no fã. Momma yɛnhwɛ eyinom wɔ ɔkwan soronko so.

Albinism a ɛne tebea afoforo wɔ abusuabɔ

Wɔ tebea horow a ɛntaa nsi koraa mu no, Albinism betumi ayɛ awosu mu yare a ɛyɛ den kɛse no fã biako, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nipadua nhyehyɛe afoforo nso betumi aka:

• Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS): Wɔ albinism akyi no, eyi betumi ayɛ mogya a ɛtwetwe, anaa ahurututu, asaabo, anaa dwensɔtwaa mu yare ho nsɛm .
• Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS): Saa tebea yi fa albinism a ɛka nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a ayɛ mmerɛw ho , na ɛde asiane kɛse ba sɛ wobenya ɔyare mmoawa a ɛsan ba bio .

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw?

Albinism ka sɛnea wo honam ani, wo ti nhwi, ne w’ani te, ne sɛnea wuhu ade titiriw.

Wedeɛ

Mpɛn pii no, obi a ɔwɔ Albinism honam ani yɛ fitaa kɛse, ɛwom sɛ eyi gyina ɔkwan pɔtee a wɔfa so yɛ no ne melanin dodow a wɔyɛ so de.

• OCA Type 1: Wora yɛ fitaa kɛse, na ɛtaa yɛ fitaa.
• OCA Type 2 ne 4: Ebia honam ani yɛ fitaa a ɛte sɛ krim.
• OCA Type 3: Ebia honam ani yɛ kɔkɔɔ-biribiri.

Nwi

Nwi kɔla gu ahorow wɔ Albinism ko a obi wɔ no mu. Ebia ankorankoro binom ti nhwi yɛ fitaa koraa, bere a afoforo nso betumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hare, bruu, bruu a ɛyɛ hare, anaa kɔkɔɔ, na ne nyinaa gyina melanin dodow a wɔyɛ so.

Ani

Aniwa kɔla betumi afi bruu a ɛyɛ hann kosi bruu a ɛyɛ hann. Nanso, ɛnyɛ kɔla no ara kwa na Albinism ka; ɛka anisoadehu tẽẽ:

• Anisoadehu a wontumi nhu: Ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu nneɛma yiye.
• Refractive Errors ( Refractive Errors ): Tebea horow te sɛ nea ɛbɛn anaa nea ɛhwɛ akyirikyiri a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde ahwehwɛ a wɔde siesie nneɛma.
• Strabismus (ani a wɔatwa): Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛma aniwa abien no nyinaa ahyia bere koro mu.
• Nystagmus: Aniwa a ɛkeka ne ho ntɛmntɛm a ɛnyɛ ne pɛ.
• Photophobia: Owia hann anaa akanea a ɛhyerɛn a ɛma obi te nka kɛse.
• Nhumu a emu dɔ a ɛso tew: Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobesusuw nneɛma ntam kwan no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Dɛn nti na eyi ba? So wonya fi awo mu?

Yiw, Albinism yɛ awosu mu tebea ara kwa , a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wonya fi awofo hɔ ma wɔn mma.

Yɛn nipadua no wɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm pii a ɛma ɛyɛ melanin. Nsakrae anaa nsakrae a ɛba awosu mu nkwaadɔm pɔtee yi mu ne nea esiw melanin a wɔyɛ no sɛnea ɛsɛ no kwan.

• Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) nam ‘autosomal recessive’ nhyehyɛe bi so na wonya fi awo mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sɛ abofra benya saa tebea yi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wonya awosu mu abɔde a ɛfata no fi awofo baanu no nyinaa hɔ . Sɛ abofra nya awosu mu abɔde no fi ɔwofo biako pɛ hɔ a, wɔrenkyerɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne; nanso, wɔbɛyɛ "asoafo." Daakye, sɛ wɔwo abofra a ɔwɔ ɔsoafoɔ foforɔ a, ɛyɛ 25% sɛ wɔn ba no bɛnya albinism.

• Ocular albinism (OA) taa nya fi awo mu wɔ ‘X-linked’ mu.nhyehyɛeɛ. Esiane sɛ eyi fa X chromosome ho nti, tebea no ka mmarima titiriw.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu na wodi ho dwuma?

Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe

Mpɛn pii no, wo duruyɛfo nam:

• Nipadua mu Nhwehwɛmu: Mpɛn pii no, wotumi hu honam ani, nhwi, ne aniwa mu kɔla a ɛyɛ hare bere a wɔawo no anaa ɛno akyi bere tiaa bi.
• Aniwa mu Nhwehwɛmu a Ɛkɔ Akyiri: Aniwa tebea pɔtee bi (te sɛ nystagmus anaa strabismus) a wɔhwehwɛ mu.
• DNA Nhwehwɛmu: Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wobetumi ayɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu de asi albinism ko pɔtee no so dua.

Ayaresa ne Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Esiane sɛ eyi yɛ awosu mu tebea nti, mprempren aduru biara nni hɔ a ɛbɛma melanin a wɔyɛ wɔ nipadua no mu no ayɛ kɛse. Nanso, wubetumi abɔ asetra a ahoɔden wom, a ɛfata denam nsɛnnennen a ɛbata ho a wubedi ho dwuma yiye no so.

Nneɛma atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛde yɛn adwene si so.

1. Wora Ho Hwɛ (Ɛho Hia!) .

• Owia Ho Ahobammɔ: Kwati owia hann a ano yɛ den tẽẽ sɛnea wubetumi biara, titiriw wɔ anɔpa 11:00 ne awia 3:00 ntam.
• Owia ho aduru: Da biara, bere biara a wobɛkɔ abɔnten no, fa aduru a ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi owia ho a ne SPF yɛ 30 anaa nea ɛboro saa a ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi UVA ne UVB mframa nyinaa ho gu so. Kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn na ama woanya nyansahyɛ ahorow a ɛfa wo ho.
• Ntade a Ɛbɔ Ho Ban: Fa yɛ wo su sɛ wobɛhyɛ ntade a nsa tenten, kyɛw, ne ahwehwɛ a ɛbɔ wo ho ban wɔ UV ho.
• Wo Ho a Wobɛhwɛ Daa: Mpɛn pii no hwɛ wo honam ani hwɛbea sɛ ebia nsensanee foforo, nsensanee, anaa nsakrae bi aba nea ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no kɔla, ne kɛse, anaa ne nsusuwii mu anaa. Sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

2. Aniwa a Wɔhwɛ So

• Aniwa mu Nhwehwɛmu a Wɔyɛ Daa: Ɛho hia sɛ obiara a ɔwɔ albinism no kɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn daa.
• Ahwehwɛ a Wɔde Teɛ Ahwehwɛ: Hyɛ ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a ɛfata na ama woasiesie mfomso a ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ a ɛma wotumi hu ade mu.
• Nneɛma a Wɔde Hwɛ Aniwa: Fa nnwinnade te sɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse di dwuma na aboa ma aniwa no ada hɔ.
• Oprehyɛn: Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wobetumi ayɛ oprehyɛn de asiesie sɛnea aniwa no hyia (strabismus).

Sɛ wo ba wɔ albinism a...

Ɛyɛ awosu sɛ awofo bɛte nka sɛ ɛhaw wɔn anaasɛ wɔbɛhaw bere a wɔate sɛ wɔn ba wɔ albinism no. Nanso, sɛ wunya mmoa ne nimdeɛ a ɛfata a, wubetumi ama wo ba no anya asetra a ɛyɛ anigye.

• Bɔ Sukuu no amanneɛ: Wo ne wɔn akyerɛkyerɛfo nsusuw wo ba no tebea ho, titiriw fa aniwa a entumi nhu ade yiye ho. Bisa dabere te sɛ nkongua a ɛwɔ anim anaa nhoma a wɔakyerɛw akɛse.
• Nya Ahotoso: Esiane sɛ ebia wo ba no hwɛbea yɛ soronko nti, ebia obehyia fɛwdi anaa asisifo. Wo ne wɔn nkasa pefee fi wo mmofraase na yɛ tebea a ahobammɔ wom a wɔbɛte nka sɛ wɔn ho tɔ wɔn sɛ wɔbɛka wɔn nkate akyerɛ wo.
• Normalize Sunscreen Use: Ma owia aduru a wɔde bɛhyɛ wo ho nyɛ abusua su sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wo ba rente nka sɛ wɔayi no afi afoforo mu.
• Nea Wodi Dwuma Daa: Hwɛ hu sɛ wo ba no di honam ani hwɛbea a wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe nyinaa so.

Albinism a obi bɛtra ase no betumi de nsɛnnennen aba, nanso kae: ensiw ne nyansa, nea otumi yɛ, anaa nea obetumi adi nkonim no kwan. Sɛ wo ba no di dwuma yiye na ɔboa wo a, obetumi atra ase a edi mu na abotɔyam wom te sɛ obiara.

Albinism, Melanin, Honam ani tebea, Anisoadehu, Awosu mu nyarewa, Owia aduru, Honam ani kokoram