So wo nufu amanneɛbɔ ka sɛ (BI-RADS)? Wunim nea ɛno yɛ? Momma yɛnka nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri no ho asɛm!

Sɛ wɔayɛ wo nufu mu ultrasound, mammogram, anaa MRI a, ebia woahu biribi a wɔfrɛ no BI-RADS wɔ amanneɛbɔ no so. Anaasɛ ebia wo duruyɛfo no aka ho asɛm akyerɛ wo. Enti, wɔ nnipa pii fam no, eyi yɛ nea wonnim kakra, enti ebia wɔn adwene betu kakra na wɔabisa sɛ, "Dɛn ne BI-RADS yi?" Mma ɛnhaw wo, momma yɛnka ho asɛm tiawa na emu nna hɔ.

Dɛn ne `BI-RADS`? Dɛn nti na wɔde di dwuma?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `BI-RADS` yɛ Borɔfo nsɛmfua "Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System" no tiawa. Wɔ Sinhala kasa mu no, ɛkyerɛ biribi te sɛ "Nufu Mfonini Amanneɛbɔ ne Data Nhyehyɛe". Eyi yɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛho hia yiye. Efisɛ, ɛnyɛ Sri Lanka nkutoo, na mmom wiase nyinaa, radiologists (kyerɛ sɛ, nnuruyɛfo a wɔyɛ scans te sɛ `(Ultrasound)`, `(Mammogram)` na wɔhwehwɛ nea efi mu ba mu) de nhyehyɛe yi di dwuma de kyerɛw nsɛm wɔ wo nufu mu nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ mu.

Fa no sɛ, womaa woyɛɛ mammogram wɔ beae bi, na obi foforo nso yɛɛ no ​​wɔ baabi foforo. Sɛ obiara anka saa nea efii mu bae no ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan koro so, wɔ kasa koro mu a, anka ɛbɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ dɛn? Wɔde BI-RADS nhyehyɛe yi aba sɛ saa ɔhaw no ano aduru.

Nneɛma atitiriw abien nti na wɔde nhyehyɛe yi bae:

1. Yɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfata: Fa ɔkwan a ɛfata a radiologistfo bɛfa so abɔ nea wɔahu wɔ nufu mu nhwehwɛmu mu ho amanneɛ. Eyi bɛma obiara, ɛmfa ho baabi a ɔwɔ wɔ wiase no, bɛte nsɛm no ase wɔ ɔkwan koro so. Eyi bɛtew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya ntease a ɛnteɛ no so kɛse.

2. Ma nufu mu kokoram ho asiane nyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛte ase: Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nufu mu kokoram a wode bɛkyerɛ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw ama wo ne nnuruyɛfo afoforo a wɔsa wo yare no sɛ wɔbɛte ase so.

Ebia worenhu `(BI-RADS)` agyiraehyɛde no tẽẽ wɔ wo kɔmputa so aduruyɛ ho kyerɛwtohɔ mu (`(Electronic Medical Record)`). Nanso, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛwɔ wo duruyɛfo kyerɛwtohɔ mu. Wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo nea wo `(BI-RADS)` agyiraehyɛde no yɛ ne nea ɛkyerɛ. Eyi ne wo hokwan.

Dɛn ne `BI-RADS` akuw ahorow no? Dɛn na wo nkontaahyɛde ahorow no ka?

Wɔtaa de nɔma ma BI-RADS akuw ahorow no fi zero (0) kosi asia (6). Eyi ne nhyehyɛe koro no ara a wɔde di dwuma ɛmfa ho sɛnea woyɛ nufu mu nhwehwɛmu (Mammogram, Ultrasound, MRI). Nanso, egyina BI-RADS nkontaahyɛde a wunya so no, ebia ɔhwɛ a wode di wo akyi no bɛsono. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ woyɛ Mammogram na wonya BI-RADS nkontaa a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo Mammogram, Ultrasound, MRI, anaa Biopsy foforo (woyi ntini ketewaa bi de yɛ nhwehwɛmu).

Ma yɛnhwɛ nea saa akuw yi mu biara ka kɛkɛ:

• `BI-RADS 0`: Ɛnwie pɛyɛ
• Eyi kyerɛ sɛ sɔhwɛ no ntumi nkɔ awiei koraa na nsɛm pii ho hia. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wode `(Mammogram)` amanneɛbɔ a atwam no toto ho, anaasɛ wobetumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ `(Mammogram)` adwene pɔtee anaa `(Ultrasound)` sɔhwɛ ahorow. Eyi nkyerɛ sɛ biribi anyɛ yiye, nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ nsɛm a ɛdɔɔso nni hɔ.

• `BI-RADS 1`: Nsɛm a enye
• Eyi ne nea efi mu ba a eye sen biara! Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔanhu akisikuru anaa nsakrae biara a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ wɔ wo nufu mu. Biribiara yɛ nea ɛfata. Wɔhyɛ nyansa sɛ wobɛyɛ nufu mu nhwehwɛmu daa (`(Routine screening)`) wɔ bere a wɔahyɛ no mu.

• `BI-RADS 2`: Nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ papa
• Eyi nso yɛ nea eye a efi mu ba. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wohu biribi wɔ nufu no mu mpo (sɛ nhwɛso no, akisikuru a nsu ahyɛ mu ma, akisikuru a ɛnyɛ kokoram te sɛ fibroadenoma) a, ɛnyɛ kokoram na ɛnyɛ nea asiane biara nni ho . Sɛ nneɛma a ɛtete saa wɔ hɔ mpo a, biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw yɛn ho. Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔkamfo kyerɛ nso sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ nufu no mu bere a wɔtaa yɛ no.

• `BI-RADS 3`: Ebia Benign, Bere Tiaa a Wɔde Di Akyi a Wɔahyɛ ho nyansa
• Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ nea wɔahu no bɛyɛ kokoram 98%, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia ɛnyɛ nea asiane biara nni ho . Nanso, sɛ yɛbɛnya awerɛhyɛmu 100% a, wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforɔ (Mammogram anaa Ultrasound) wɔ bɛyɛ asram 6 mu. Eyi yɛ nea wɔde hwɛ sɛ ebia nea wɔahu no sesa anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɛse bere a bere kɔ so no. Mpɛn pii no, saa nneɛma yi kɔ so yɛ nea ɛte saa ara anaasɛ ɛkɔ. Enti mma ɛnhaw wo.

• `BI-RADS 4`: Nneɛma a Ɛnyɛ Ne kwan so a Ɛyɛ Asɛm, Ɛsɛ sɛ Wosusuw Biopsy ho
• Eyi ne sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛma nnipa pii ho popo. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ hokwan wɔ hɔ sɛ nea wohuu bere a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no yɛ kokoram, enti ɛyɛ nea adwenem naayɛ wom . Nanso `BI-RADS 4` nkyerɛ sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ. Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram no betumi afi 2% kosi 95%. Enti, oduruyɛfo no betumi akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ `(Biopsy)`, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛfa ntini ketewaa bi na wɔahwehwɛ mu, na ama wɔahu nea saa ade a wɔahu yi yɛ ankasa.
• Wɔakyekyɛ `BI-RADS 4` kuw no mu bio ayɛ no akuw nketewa abiɛsa (4A, 4B, 4C), a ɛkyerɛ sɛ kokoram ho asiane a ɛba fam, ɛkɔ fam, na ɛkɔ soro kakra. Wo duruyɛfo bɛka eyi ho nsɛm pii akyerɛ wo. Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ worensuro nea ɛbɛfiri mu aba sɛ wobɛnya `(Biopsy)`, na mmom wobɛyɛ na woahu no yie.

• `BI-RADS 5`: Ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ hu kɛse, Wɔkamfo Biopsy kyerɛ denneennen
• Eyi kyerɛ nea wohuu.Kokoram (`(Malignancy)`) a ebetumi aba no dɔɔso yiye (boro 95%). Enti, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wobɛyɛ `(Biopsy)` de asi eyi so dua. Ɛyɛ awerɛhow sɛ wubenya nea afi mu aba yi, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wohu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ na wofi ase sa yare ntɛm ara sɛnea wobetumi.

• `BI-RADS 6`: Biopsy-Ada no adi sɛ ɛyɛ yare bɔne a wonim
• Wɔde saa ɔfã yi yɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔayɛ wo biopsy dedaw de akyerɛ sɛ wowɔ nufu mu kokoram na woreyɛ ho ayaresa . Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔde saa agyiraehyɛde yi di dwuma wɔ sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn de ahu sɛnea kokoram no kɛse te ne sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ n’ade wɔ ayaresa ho no mu.

Amerika Mframa Ho Adesua Sukuu (ACR) na edi kan de BI-RADS nhyehyɛe no bae wɔ 1993 mu de yɛɛ nufusu ho amanneɛbɔ ahorow a ɛfata. Akyiri yi wɔyɛɛ no ​​foforo maa MRI ne ultrasound. Eyi nti na radiologistfo a wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa de nsɛmfua koro no ara di dwuma bere a wɔreka nufu mu nhwehwɛmu ho asɛm no.

Mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ `BI-RADS` nhyehyɛe no so?

Mfaso atitiriw pii wɔ saa kwan yi so:

• Standardization: Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, radiologistfo nyinaa bɔ nea wɔahu ho amanneɛ wɔ ɔkwan koro so, na wɔde nsɛmfua koro na edi dwuma. Saa nsɛm a ɛkɔ so daa yi ma amanneɛbɔ ahorow no tu mpɔn na ɛtew ntease a ɛnteɛ so. Sɛ wufi oduruyɛfo biako nkyɛn kɔ foforo nkyɛn mpo a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛte amanneɛbɔ no ase.
• Asiane nhwehwɛmu: `(BI-RADS)` kwan no ma wohu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nufu mu kokoram no ho akontaabu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Wei boa wo ma woyɛ nhyehyɛe ntɛm (`(Ntɛmpɛ)`) a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a edi hɔ no.
• Adwumayɛ a Etu mpɔn: Ɛdenam sɔhwɛ mu aba a wɔkyekyɛ mu wɔ saa kwan yi so so no, ɛho nhia sɛ radiologists kyerɛkyerɛ nea wɔahu no mu wɔ akwan horow so bere biara. Eyi nsɛe bere na ɛma adwuma no yɛ adwuma yiye.

Fa no sɛ, sɛ w'amanneɛbɔ ka sɛ "BI-RADS 2", wo, w'abusua oduruyɛfo , ne wo oncologist ( sɛ ɛho hia a ) nyinaa te nea ɛkyerɛ ase mpofirim. Ɛno ne ade kɛse a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ eyi mu.

So sintɔ ahorow bi wɔ `BI-RADS` nhyehyɛe no ho?

Ɛwom sɛ eyi yɛ ɔkwan a ɛsom bo de, nanso ɛwɔ anohyeto ne sintɔ ahorow bi:

• Asɛmti: Ɔkwan bi wɔ hɔ ma radiologist no ankasa atemmu ne osuahu bere a ogyina nea wohu wɔ scan so kyerɛ ɔfã bi no. Sɛ nnipa baanu hwɛ scan koro a, ebia nsonsonoe kakraa bi na ɛwɔ mu.
• Atoro a efi mu ba: Ɛwom sɛ ɛntaa nsi koraa de, nanso atoro a ɛyɛ papa betumi aba.- ne se, ebetumi ada adi se kokoram biara nni ho - anaase ebetumi aba se ewo atoro negative - a ekyere se, ebetumi ayera kokoram ewo ho mpo se ewo ho. Sɛ eyi ba a, ebetumi de dadwen a ɛho nhia aba anaasɛ ɛbɛma wɔatwe kokoram a wobehu no akyɛ. Nanso, kae sɛ eyinom ho yɛ na koraa.
• Ɛnyɛ pɔtee: Ɛwom sɛ saa kwan yi a wɔfa so kyekyɛ sɔhwɛ mu aba akuwakuw no kyerɛkyerɛ nea wɔahu a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ no mu de, nanso nsɛm foforo a ɛfa nea wɔahu a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ no ho (te sɛ ne kɛse, ne nsusuwii, beae a ɛwɔ) no, wɔmfa ``(BI-RADS)`` nkyerɛwde no nkutoo mma. Wɔabobɔ saa nsɛm yi din wɔ amanneɛbɔ no mu wɔ ɔkwan soronko so.

So `BI-RADS` betumi ahu pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ anaa? So `BI-RADS 4` kyerɛ kokoram?

Eyi nso yɛ ɔhaw ma nnipa pii. ``BI-RADS'' nhyehyɛe no nkyekyɛ kokoram bi mu (``Classification'') anaasɛ ɛnkyerɛ kokoram no gyinabea (``Staging''). Nea ɛka ho ara ne ``BI-RADS 6'' kuw no. Efisɛ ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔde ``Biopsy'' asi so dua dedaw sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ.

``BI-RADS'' akuw afoforo (titiriw 3, 4, ne 5) kyerɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ obi benya kokoram nkutoo . Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, ``BI-RADS 3'' kyerɛ sɛ nea wɔahu no nyɛ adwenem naayɛ, na mmom ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsan hwehwɛ wo mu wɔ asram 6-12 mu.

Afei asɛmmisa a ɛho hia sen biara: So `BI-RADS 4` kyerɛ kokoram?

Dabi `BI-RADS 4` nkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ kokoram. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ biribi a ɛyɛ soronko anaasɛ ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ wɔ wo sɔhwɛ aba no mu, enti wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wonyɛ `(Biopsy)` na ama woahu nea ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya nufu mu kokoram wɔ `BI-RADS 4` kuw no mu no betumi ayɛ soronko fi 2% kosi 95%. Wei kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wɔyɛ `(Biopsy)` a, wɔsi so dua sɛ ɛnyɛ kokoram wɔ nnipa dodoɔ no ara mu. Enti, mma w’abam mmu anaasɛ mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu bere a wuhu `BI-RADS 4` no.

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte nka sɛ w’adwene atu afra na woanya nsɛmmisa pii bere a wuhu sɔhwɛ mu aba a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so no. Titiriw bere a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛte nea ɛwɔ sɔhwɛ amanneɛbɔ no mu ase no. Ɛhɔ na ``(BI-RADS)`` nhyehyɛe no ba Ɛde gyinapɛn bi aba nsɛmfua ne nsɛmfua a epue wɔ wo nufu mu nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ mu no ho. Eyi ma wunya nea radiologist no susuw wɔ wo nhwehwɛmu no mu aba no ho ntease a emu da hɔ.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yesua fi eyi mu (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti, sɛnea yɛaka ho asɛm no, eyinom ne nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae:

• `(BI-RADS)` yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so de nufu mu nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ (`(Mammogram)`, `(Ultrasound)`, `(MRI)`) aba wɔ ɔkwan a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ so.
• Ɛno bɛma woanya asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram no ho adwene a ɛyɛ den.
• `(BI-RADS)` wɔ nkontabuo a ɛfiri 0 kɔsi 6. Ɛnyɛ nkontabuo biara na ɛkyerɛ sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ.
• `BI-RADS 1` ne `2` yɛ nea efi mu ba pa, biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wohaw wo ho.
• `BI-RADS 0` kyerɛ sɛ nsɛm pii ho hia.
• ``BI-RADS 3`` kyerɛ sɛ ebia eye, nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wosan hwɛ bio wɔ bere tiaa bi mu.
• `BI-RADS 4` anaa `5` kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ `(Biopsy)`. `BI-RADS 4` nkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram.
• `BI-RADS 6` yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a wɔde di dwuma ma obi a onim dedaw sɛ ɔwɔ kokoram.

Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛkasa pefee afa ``BI-RADS'' sɛnkyerɛnne ne deɛ ɛkyerɛ ma wo tebea no ho, ɛmfa ho sɛ wobɛyɛ nufu mu nhwehwɛmu biara. Wobetumi abua nsɛmmisa anaa dadwen biara a ebia wowɔ.

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte dadwen ne ehu nka wɔ sɔhwɛ biara a wubenya no ho. Nanso, sɛ wuhu nsɛm a ɛfata na wudi wo duruyɛfo afotu akyi a, ɛbɛboa wo ma woasisi w’akwahosan ho gyinae pa.

` Nufu mu kokoram, BI-RADS, mammogram, ultrasound, MRI, nufu mu nhwehwɛmu, kokoram ho asiane