Sɛ nnuruyɛfo hu sɛ wowɔ nufu mu kokoram a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo nnuru a wɔde sa wo akyerɛ. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wote ehu ne dadwen kakra nka bere a wote eyi no. Nanso sɛ wɔka ayaresa ahorow yi ho asɛm kyerɛ wo yiye a , wubetumi adi saa ehu no so. Nnuru a wɔde sa yare ahorow wɔ hɔ. Nnuru a ɛma alkylating yɛ nnuru atitiriw a wɔde sa nufu mu kokoram no mu biako. Enti, momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri na ɛnyɛ den koraa nnɛ.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuru a wɔfrɛ no Alkylating Agents yi yɛ adwuma ankasa?
Sɛ yɛbɛte eyi ase a, ɛsɛ sɛ yedi kan susuw kokoram nkwammoaa ho. Kokoram nkwammoaa yɛ nkwammoaa a ɛpaapae na ɛdɔɔso ntɛmntɛm yiye a wonni so tumi biara. Ná nnuru a ɛma alkylating yɛ nnuru a wodii kan huu sɛ wɔde ko tia kokoram no mu biako. Wɔda so ara de di dwuma kɛse nnɛ.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa aduru yi yɛ adwuma denam kokoram nkwammoaa a esiw wɔn kwan sɛ wɔnyɛ wɔn ho mfonini, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnkyɛ na annyin no so. Ɛyɛ eyi denam:
Nkwammoaa biara wɔ saa nkwammoaa no ho mfonini a edi mũ, anaa "nhyehyɛe" no. Yɛfrɛ eyi DNA. Nea nnuru a ɛma alkyl yɛ ne sɛ ɛkɔ kokoram nkwammoaa no DNA so tẽẽ na ɛbata ho. Sɛnea safe biako ntumi nyɛ adwuma sɛ wode bata foforo ho no, sɛ saa aduru yi kyekyere DNA no a, saa nkwammoaa no ntumi mpaapae.
Sɛ nkwammoaa mu mpaapaemu gyae wɔ saa kwan yi so a, kokoram nkwammoaa no wuwu nkakrankakra. Wɔ nnuruyɛ mu no, yɛfrɛ saa adeyɛ yi apoptosis . Ɛne sɛ, nkwammoaa a wowuwu a wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe.
Ade foforo a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ nnuru yi ho ne sɛ etumi tow hyɛ kokoram nkwammoaa bi so na wɔsɛe no wɔ n’asetra fã biara mu. Wɔfrɛ eyi `cell-cycle phase nonspecific`. Enti, wotumi ko tia kokoram ahorow pii, titiriw nea enyin ntɛmntɛm no.
Wobetumi de saa aduru yi ama wo sɛ aduru anaasɛ nkyene aduru a ɛnam ntini mu (IV - a wɔde fa ntini mu). Mpɛn pii no, wo duruyɛfo no de saa aduru yi bɛka nnuru afoforo a wɔde sa yare (aduru a wɔde ka bom) ho.
Dɛn ne Alkylating Agents ahorow?
Wɔakyekyɛ nnuru kuw yi mu akuw atitiriw pii. Ɛwom sɛ eyinom din yɛ den kakra de, nanso eye sɛ wubehu efisɛ ebia wubehu eyinom mu biako a wɔakyerɛw wɔ wo nnuru krataa so.
| Nnubɔne Kuw | Nnuru a ɛka saa kuw no ho (Nhwɛso ahorow) . |
|---|---|
| Nitrogen sinapi a wɔde yɛ aduan | bendamustine, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide , ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, melphalan, na ɛyɛ aduru a wɔde siw yare ano |
| Ethylenamine ne nneɛma a wonya fi methylenamine mu | altretamine, aduru a wɔfrɛ no thiotepa |
| Alkyl sulfonates a wɔde yɛ nneɛma | busulfan a wɔde di dwuma |
| Triazenes a wɔde yɛ nneɛma | dacarbazine, procarbazine, temozolomide a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu |
| Nneɛma a ɛwɔ platinum mu | carboplatin , cisplatin, oxaliplatin a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a ɛma obi nya ahoɔden |
| Nitrosoureas a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu | carmustine, lomustine, aduru a ɛma obi nya ahoɔden |
Eyinom mu no, nnuru kuw a wɔfrɛ no Nitrosoureas no yɛ soronko kakra. Efisɛ saa nnuru yi tumi twa ade a ɛbɔ yɛn amemene ho ban a wɔfrɛ no ‘mogya ne amemene akwanside’ a ɛbɔ yɛn amemene ho ban no. Nnuru dodow no ara ntumi ntwa akwanside yi. Enti, ɛho hia bere a wɔresa kokoram a efi amemene mu no.
Nneɛma ahorow bɛn na wɔtaa de di dwuma ma nufu mu kokoram?
Nnuru a ɛwɔ ` Nitrogen Mustards` ne `Ethylenamine ne methylenamine derivatives` mu no, wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ nufu mu kokoram afã horow a wɔsa mu.
Nkwammoaa a wɔfrɛ no Cytoxan (Cyclophosphamide) .
Eyi yɛ aduru a ɛka `Nitrogen mustard` kuw no ho. Wubetumi anom sɛ aduru anaasɛ wode ama sɛ IV akɔ ntini bi mu. Wɔtaa de di dwuma ma:
- Siw kokoram a edi kan no kwan sɛ ɛrensan mma bio bere a wɔayɛ oprehyɛn awie no.
- Sɛ kokoram no mu yɛ den a, tew akuru no so ansa na woayɛ wo oprehyɛn.
- Sa kokoram a akɔ anim wɔ oprehyɛn ne ayaresa afoforo akyi.
Thiotepa na ɔkyerɛwee
Eyi yɛ ade a efi `Ethylenamine` mu. Wɔtaa de fa ntini mu. Wɔde di dwuma ma:
- Wɔ kokoram a edi kan mu no, tew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛsan aba bio no so .
- Sa kokoram a ɛkɔ akyiri.
Carboplatin a wɔde yɛ adwuma
Eyi yɛ aduru a platinum wom. Ɛno nkutoo ne platinum aduru a wɔapene so sɛ wɔmfa nsa nufu mu kokoram. Wɔtaa de `Carboplatin` ma kokoram a akɔ anim, na wɔde ka nnuru afoforo a wɔde sa yare ho. Wɔde ma nso sɛ IV.
Dɛn ne aduru yi mu nsunsuanso bɔne?
Nsɛnnennen titiriw biako a ɛwɔ nnuru a wɔde sa yare mu ne sɛ entumi nhu nsonsonoe a ɛda kokoram nkwammoaa ne nkwammoaa a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden ntam. Saa nnuru yi de wɔn ani si nkwammoaa a ɛpaapae ntɛmntɛm no so. Kokoram nkwammoaa, te sɛ nkwammoaa bi a ɛte apɔw wɔ yɛn nipadua mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, nkwammoaa a ɛka bom yɛ yɛn ti nhwi, nkwammoaa a ɛkata yɛn ano ne yɛn dwensɔtwaa mu, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa) no mu paapae ntɛmntɛm. Enti saa nnuru yi nso ka saa nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden no, na ɛno nti na ɛde ɔhaw ahorow ba no.
Saa nsunsuanso bɔne yi to obiara ɔkwan koro so. Ebia nnipa binom wɔ pii, ebinom nso wɔ kakraa bi. Mma eyi nhaw wo. Wo duruyɛfo betumi aboa wo ma woadi saa nneɛma yi mu dodow no ara ho dwuma.
| Nsunsuanso bɔne no su |
|---|
| Nsunsuanso bɔne a ɛtaa ba a ebia nnipa pii behyia |
| Akisikuru ne ɔfe, aduan ho akɔnnɔ a ɛyera, mu duru a ɛso tew, yafunu mu yaw, akisikuru |
| Ɔbrɛ |
| Nwi a ɛtɔ, ano anaa tɛkrɛma a ɛyɛ kuru |
| Nsakrae a ɛba honam ani kɔla, kɔla anaa nsateaa nnadewa ne nan ase nnadewa a enyin mu |
| Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow a ɛso tew (eyi betumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya ɔyare mmoawa no ayɛ kɛse) . |
| Mmea brayɛ a ɛnkɔ so daa |
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den a ɛsɛ sɛ wobɔ wo duruyɛfo amanneɛ ntɛm ara |
| Atiridiinini, atiridiinini, menewam yaw (nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ɔyare mmoawa) . |
| Akuru a ɛsa nkakrankakra, akuru a ɛyɛ soronko anaa mogya a ɛtɔ |
| Nsu a ɛyɛ tuntum anaa tarry, ɛyaw a ɛba bere a ɔreto nsu, anaa mogya a ɛwɔ nsu mu |
| Wora mu akisikuru, akisikuru, akisikuru |
| Ɔhome anaa mene a ɛyɛ den, ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa, ɔfe |
| Nan, anan, anaa anan a ɛho ahonhon, koko mu yaw |
| Wora anaa aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ (jaundice ho sɛnkyerɛnne) . |
Putupuru!
Sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi mu biara a, kɔ ayaresabea Emergency Department (ETU) a ɛbɛn wo ntɛm ara anaa frɛ 1990 ambulance adwumayɛbea no:
* Nsu tuntum a wɔde gu nsu mu
* Mogya a ɛtɔ a wontumi nsiw ano
* Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den kɛse
* Koko mu yaw
* Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi ho yɛ no yaw kɛse (te sɛ anim, anofafa a ɛho ahonhon) .
Ɛntaa mma sɛ saa nneɛma a ɛma alkyl yi betumi asɛe yɛn nnompe mu ntini. Nnompe mu ntini ne baabi a yɛn nipadua no yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa foforo. Asiane kakraa bi pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram foforo te sɛ mogya mu kokoram esiane ɔsɛe yi nti. Mpɛn pii no, asiane yi kɔ soro kakra bere a aduru no dodow kɔ soro no. Mma eyi nhaw wo ho a ɛho nhia.Ansa na wubefi ayaresa ase no, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa pefee wɔ akwan a wobɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram a ɛto so abien te sɛ eyi no so. Ɔbɛma wo afotu a wuhia nyinaa.
Nneɛma afoforo a ɛsɛ sɛ wususuw ho bere a wɔreyɛ ayaresa no
Esiane sɛ eyinom yɛ nnuru a tumi wom yiye nti, ɛho hia sɛ woka w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm nyinaa kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a obetumi asiesie ayaresa nhyehyɛe bi ma afata wo na watew nsunsuanso bɔne a efi mu ba no so. Hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛbɔ nea edidi so yi ho nkɔmmɔ:
- Ɛfa allergy biara a wowɔ (nnuru, nnuan ho).
- Ɛfa vitamin, nnuru a wɔde ka aduan ho, anaa nhabannuru biara a wode di dwuma ho.
- Ɛfa w’asaabo anaa mmerɛbo tebea ho.
- Sɛ woadi kan anya nnuru a wɔde sa yare a, ka ho asɛm kyerɛ yɛn.
- Sɛ woanyinsɛn, worenom nufu, anaasɛ woreyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wobɛwo akokoaa nnansa yi ara a .
- Sɛ wowɔ oprehyɛn bi a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ daakye a, ka ho asɛm.
Di wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ, titiriw sɛ worenom nnuru a wɔde sa yare a. Sɛ wo werɛ fi sɛ wobɛnom dodow bi a, fa dodow a edi hɔ no sɛnea wɔahyɛ da ayɛ no. Mfa nnuru abien prɛko pɛ da mfa nsiesie dodow a woayera no. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa bere nyinaa ansa na woagyae ayaresa.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Alkylating agents yɛ nnuru a ano yɛ den a wɔde sa kokoram nkwammoaa DNA na ɛmma ɛnkyɛ.
- Esiane sɛ saa nnuru yi ka kokoram nkwammoaa ne nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a ɛpaapae ntɛmntɛm no nyinaa nti, ebetumi de ɔhaw ahorow te sɛ akisikuru ne ti nhwi a ɛtɔ. Wobetumi adi eyinom ho dwuma.
- Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa pefee afa w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm a edi mũ, nnuru afoforo a wonom, ne sɛnea wo ho yɛ wo hyew ho.
- Sɛ wunya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den te sɛ ahome a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ mogya tu kɛse a, kɔ ayaresabea Dwumadibea a Ɛhwɛ Ntɛmntɛm (ETU) ntɛm ara.
- Ɛnsɛ sɛ wosakra nnuru dodow a wode ma no anaasɛ wugyae ayaresa no da a wunnya wo duruyɛfo afotu.
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