So ɛyɛ den ma wo nso sɛ wobɛhome? Momma yensua emphysema a ɛka ahurututu no ho ade!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nka sɛ wo home yɛ wo yaw kakra? Sɛ woforo antweri anaa wo nantew kwan tiaa bi a, wobɔ hwirema? Anaasɛ wohu amane wɔ ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa ho? Eyinom betumi ayɛ ahurututu mu yare bi a wɔfrɛ no emphysema a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ no ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Mma ɛnhaw wo, momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne Emphysema? Momma yɛnte ase tiawa

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, emphysema yɛ yare a ɛba bere a mframa kotoku nketenkete a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu a wɔfrɛ no alveoli no asɛe no. Saa ntini ahorow yi ne nea yɛhome, na ɛde mframa pa fi mframa mu kɔ mogya no mu na ɛma mframa bɔne fi mogya no mu. Fa w’ahurututu ho sɛ ahurututu a wɔde abɔ mu. Saa ahurututu nketenkete yi ne nea yɛfrɛ no alveoli. Ntini bɛyɛ ɔpepem 300 na ɛwɔ ahurututu a ɛte apɔw a ɛfata mu. Wɔ emphysema mu no, saa ntini ahorow yi afasu sɛe na ɛpae. Sɛ́ anka saa ahurututu nketenkete no bɛba no, mframa kotoku akɛse na ɛba. Ɛte sɛ nea worebɔ ahurututu nketenkete akuwakuw bi wɔ bubble wrap mu de ayɛ ahurututu kɛse biako. Eyi ma ahurututu no ani fã a oxygen bɛsesa no so tew. Afei nso, mframa betumi akɔhyɛ ahurututu no mu. Eyi betumi ama ayɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome, na ama obi ho ayɛ no yaw. Ebia nnipa binom benya koko a ahonhon, na ama wɔayɛ te sɛ toa koko.

Dɛn ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde emphysema ba?

Mpɛn pii no, emphysema nya nnipa a wɔanom sigaret mfe pii no mu. Nanso, ɛnyɛ sigaretnom nkutoo na ɛde ba. Nneɛma afoforo nso wɔ hɔ a ɛde ba:

• Mframa a ɛde efĩ ba wɔ fie anaa adwumam: Nneɛma te sɛ mfutuma ne nnuru wusiw a wɔhome bere tenten.
• Awosu mu nneɛma : Nnipa binom nso betumi anya bi esiane tebea horow te sɛ Alpha-1 antitrypsin a enni nipadua mu, a ɛyɛ awosu mu tebea nti. Eyi ho yɛ na wɔ ɔkwan bi so.
• Ɔhome mu nyarewa : Ahurututu mu yare a ɛtaa ba nso betumi aka.

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem 3 wɔ United States nkutoo na wɔwɔ emphysema. Enti eyi nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wobu no adewa.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Emphysema ne COPD ntam?

Ebia woate asɛmfua COPD. COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) gyina hɔ ma ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea. Ɛnyɛ yare biako pɛ, na mmom ɛyɛ asɛmfua a wɔde frɛ nyarewa kuw bi a ɛsɛe ahurututu nkakrankakra. Emphysema yɛ yare foforo a ɛka COPD kuw yi ho. Ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea yɛ COPD foforo. Ebia COPD ayarefo binom nso anya ayamtu.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Emphysema ne Chronic Bronchitis ntam?

Eyinom yɛ COPD ahorow abien no nyinaa. Nnipa pii betumi anya abien no nyinaa bere koro mu.

• Emphysema: Eyi ka ahurututu no mu ntini titiriw. Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome .
• Ahurututu mu yare a Enni sabea: Eyi fi nneɛma nketenkete a ɛte sɛ nhwi a ɛwɔ mframa kwan no mu (a wɔfrɛ no cilia) a ɛsɛe no. Saa cilia yi na ɛma woyi mmoawa ne nneɛma a asɛe a ɛkɔ mframa kwan no mu no fi hɔ. Ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne sɛ nsu a ɛyɛ nwini no kɔ soro. Eyi kyerɛ ɔfe a ɛsow aba a ɛma nsu a ɛyɛ den, kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono, anaa fitaa ba. Wɔ emphysema mu no, sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɔfe nso betumi aba de aka ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa ho.

Dɛn ne emphysema no fã ahorow?

Nnuruyɛfo kyekyɛ emphysema mu ma ɛyɛ COPD fã ahorow. Wɔfrɛ eyi GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) nkyekyɛmu. Eyi boa ma yɛte sɛnea yare no mu yɛ den no ase.

• Ɔfã 1 (Mild): Eyi ne ɔfã a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara. Anyɛ yiye koraa no, w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma wɔ obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden ahurututu mu dwumadi mu 80%, a egyina wo mfe, wo tenten, ne wo bɔbeasu so.
• Ɔfã 2 (Ɛyɛ mmerɛw): Emphysema a ɛkɔ fam. Ahurututu mu dwumadi yɛ 50% kosi 79%.
• Ɔfã 3 (Ɔfã 3 - Nea emu yɛ den): Emphysema a emu yɛ den. Ahurututu dwumadi so tew 30% kosi 49%.
• Ɔfã 4 (Nea emu yɛ den yiye): Emphysema a emu yɛ den yiye. Ahurututu dwumadi so tew bɛboro 30%.

Ɛyɛ saa mmere yi so na nnuruyɛfo sisi akwan a wɔfa so sa yare ne asetra pa ho gyinae.

Dɛn ne ɔyarefo a ɔwɔ emphysema nkwa nna?

Eyi yɛ asɛmmisa a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobebua. Egyina mfe a woadi, baabi a yare no wɔ, ne sɛ ebia wonom sigaret, wogyaee, anaa wonnom sigaret da so. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ sigaretnom ma wo nkwa nna so tew bɛyɛ mfe 3.5. Awosu mu nneɛma nso di dwuma. Emphysema taa ba mmarima a wɔadi fi mfe 50 kosi 70. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wobɔ hu na sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a, wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo ntɛm ara.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ahurututu mu yare?

Nnipa dodow no ara mfi ase nhu emphysema ho sɛnkyerɛnne kosi sɛ wɔn ahurututu mu ntini 50% anaa nea ɛboro saa bɛsɛe. Saa bere no, sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan ne ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa ne ɔbrɛ a ɛkɔ soro nkakrankakra. Nsɛnkyerɛnne afoforo bi ne:

• Ɔfe a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ (sigaretnomfo ɔfe).
• Ahomegye a ɛyɛ hu.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome, titiriw bere a woreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a emu nyɛ den te sɛ antweri a wobɛforo no.
• Bere nyinaa a ɔte nka sɛ ɔhome yɛ den.
• Koko a ɛyɛ den.
• Nsu a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛkɔ soro.
• Nsakrae a ɛba nsu kɔla mu (kɔla kɔkɔɔ anaa ahabammono).
• Bere nyinaa ɔbrɛ .
• Koma mu haw ahorow.
• Asoroben.
• Brɛ .
• Hahaahayɔ.
• Mu duru a ɛso tew.

Sɛ wowɔ emphysema a, asiane kɛse nso wom sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu nyarewa te sɛ ahurututu mu yare ne ahurututu mu yare.

Dɛn ne ade titiriw a ɛde emphysema ba?

Sigaretnom ne ade titiriw a ɛde emphysema ba. Sigaret wusiw sɛe w’ahurututu mu ntini na ɛhyɛ wo mframa kwan no abufuw. Eyi ma wo mframa kwan no hohoro, nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ boaboa ano, na ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛtew wo mframa kwan no mu. Eyi nyinaa ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome. Nneɛma afoforo wɔ hɔ a ɛde ba a sigaretnom nka ho:

• Cannabis wusiw a wɔnom.
• Vaping ne e-sigaret a wɔde di dwuma.
• Sigaret wusiw.
• Mframa a wɔsɛe no.
• Mfuturo.
• Nnuru a wɔde yɛ wusiw.

So Emphysema yɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba?

Dabi, emphysema nyɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba. Sɛ wowɔ emphysema a, wuntumi mfa mma obi foforo.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya Emphysema?

Wo duruyɛfo betumi ahu sɛ wowɔ emphysema. Nanso, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow nkutoo ntumi nkyerɛ no yiye. Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo. Ɔde afiri a wɔde tie asɛm bɛtie w’ahurututu. Sɛ wote nnyigyei bi a ɛyɛ tokuru bere a wobɔ wo moma so a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ mframa bi asi w’ahurututu mu. Afei, wɔbɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii de si so dua sɛ emphysema wɔ hɔ.

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔde hu sɛ obi anya emphysema?

Oduruyɛfo no betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi:

• Chest X-ray: Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛhwɛ sɛnea ahurututu no te. Nanso, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu X-ray wɔ yare no mfiase. Mfaso wɔ so wɔ nsɛm a emu yɛ den kosi nea emu yɛ den nkutoo mu.
• CT scan: Eyi betumi atwa ahurututu no mfonini a ɛwɔ afã abiɛsa (3D). Ɛma wonya nsɛm a emu da hɔ sen X-ray.
• Pulmonary function testing (PFT): Ɛkyerɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu betumi ahome yiye na afi mu. Saa sɔhwɛ yi a wɔsan frɛ no spirometry , susuw mframa a ɛfa w’ahurututu mu ne mframa dodow a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu.
• Arterial Blood Gas (ABG): Saa sɔhwɛ yi susuw oxygen ne carbon dioxide dodow a ɛwɔ mogya a wɔafa afi ntini bi mu no mu. Wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi de hwɛ sɛ ebia wuhia oxygen foforo sɛ wo emphysema no reyɛ kɛse a.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG): Eyi sɔ sɛnea koma no yɛ adwuma hwɛ. Wɔyɛ eyi de hwɛ sɛ komayare na ɛma wo home yɛ tiaa anaa.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ne awosu mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔyɛ eyinom de kyerɛ sɛ ebia awosu mu nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a ɛde ba, te sɛ Alpha-1 antitrypsin a enni nipadua no mu .

So wobetumi asa ahurututu a ahurututu no asɛe esiane ahurututu mu yare nti?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, wontumi nsakra ahurututu a ahurututu no sɛe no koraa. Nanso, ayaresa betumi atew yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so, ama asetra atu mpɔn, na asiw ɔsɛe foforo ano.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa Emphysema?

Emphysema yɛ yare a bere kɔ so no, ebetumi ayɛ kɛse. Enti, ayaresa botae titiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛma yare no akɔ so brɛoo na ama ahurututu mu ntini a aka a ɛte apɔw no ayɛ adwuma kɛse. Ɛsono ayaresa a wobetumi apaw a egyina sɛnea yare no mu yɛ den so. Ebia ayaresa a wobetumi apaw bi ne:

• Sigaretnom a wubegyae: Sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔnom sigaret a, ade a eye sen biara na ɛho hia sen biara a wobɛfa so adi emphysema so ne sɛ wubegyae. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo betumi abom ahwehwɛ ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so ayɛ eyi.
• Nnuru a ɛma ahurututu mu trɛw: Nnuru yi ma ntini a atwa mframa kwan no ho ahyia no dwo, na ɛma mframa pii kɔ ahurututu no mu na efi mu. Wɔtaa de eyinom ma sɛ nnuru a wɔhome.
• Corticosteroids a wɔhome: Eyinom tew ɔfe ne nsu a ɛba mframa kwan no mu so. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wonom eyinom da biara da na ama woatumi asiw yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ano.
• Corticosteroids a wɔnom: Wɔkyerɛw eyinom ma bere tiaa bi bere a ɔyare no mu ayɛ hyew no.
• Nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa: Wɔde eyinom ma de sa ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ ahurututu mu yare ne ahurututu mu yare.
• Nnuru a wɔde ko tia ɔyare mmoawa: Ɛtew ɔfe a ɛwɔ mframa kwan no so no so.
• Oxygen ayaresa: Sɛ wo mogya nnya mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso mfi w’ahurututu mu (wɔfrɛ eyi hypoxemia) , oxygen ayaresa betumi aboa. Afiri bi nam hwene mu afiri anaa anim akataso so de oxygen ba.
• Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (LVRS): Nea ɛka oprehyɛn yi ho ne sɛ woyi ahurututu mu ntini a yare no fã bi na wɔsan de ntini a aka no bom. Sɛ woyi ntini a asɛe no fi hɔ a, ebetumi atew nhyɛso a ɛba ntini a ɛhome no so na ama ahurututu no tumi atrɛw. Ɛnyɛ obiara na obetumi ayɛ saa oprehyɛn yi.
• Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction: Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, wɔde ahurututu mu ahurututu a ɛkɔ ɔkwan biako so hyɛ mframa kwan no mu. Saa valve ahorow yi ma mframa fi ahurututu no mu, nanso ɛmma mframa foforo nkɔ mu. Eyi nso ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛhome. Eyi nyɛ obiara dea.
• Ahurututu a wɔde si ananmu: Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a emu yɛ den na ayaresa afoforo ntumi nyɛ adwuma a, ebia wubetumi ayɛ ahurututu a ɛfata de asi ahurututu a asɛe no ananmu.

Sɛ wowɔ emphysema a, dɛn na wubetumi ahwɛ kwan?

W’adwene gyina sɛnea wo emphysema no mu yɛ den so. Sɛ wowɔ emphysema a emu nyɛ den a, adwene no ye. Nanso, emphysema a emu nyɛ den mpo betumi aka da biara da dwumadi ahorow bi, titiriw sɛ woadi boro mfe 65. Nsɛnkyerɛnne betumi aba bere a woreyɛ nneɛma te sɛ nantew, antweri a wobɛforo, anaa woresiesie wo ho no. Sɛ wowɔ emphysema a emu yɛ den a, ebetumi ayɛ den yiye sɛ wobɛhome, na ebia wubehia nnuruyɛfo mmoa mpɛn pii.

Emphysema nni aduru biara. Sɛ wugyae sigaretnom mpo a, nneɛma a asɛe w’ahurututu no rensan. Nanso, wobetumi de ayaresa adi yare no ho dwuma. Dodow a wufi ayaresa ase ntɛm no, dodow no ara na w’asetra betumi ayɛ papa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya emphysema no so?

Ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya emphysema no so ne sɛ wobɛkwati sigaretnom. Sigaretnom a wobegyae no nyɛ mmerɛw. Ebia ebegye mmɔdenbɔ mpɛn pii na woatumi agyae. Sɛ woresusuw ho sɛ wubegyae sigaretnom a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa. Obetumi aboa wo. Ɛyɛ adwene pa nso sɛ wobɛka kuw bi a wɔboa wɔn ho. Akwan foforo a wobɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya emphysema no so:

• Kwati wusiw a wɔde di dwuma, mframa a wɔsɛe no, nnuru a wɔde yɛ wusiw, mfutuma, nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ, ne afieboa a ɛyɛ fĩ.
• Hwɛ wo fie sɛ radon mframa anaa.
• Hyɛ akataso bere a wode nnuru reyɛ adwuma anaasɛ wowɔ mmeae a mfutuma wɔ no.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Sɛ wowɔ emphysema a, ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so asiw ɔhaw afoforo ano ne sɛ wubegyae sigaretnom na woabɔ wo ho ban afi ɔhome mu nyarewa ho. Saa afotu yi betumi aboa ma wɔasiw ɔhome mu nyarewa ano:

• Hohoro wo nsa mpɛn pii.
• Brush na fa floss wo sẽ da biara da. Fa aduru a wɔde hohoro w’ano a ekum ɔyare mmoawa di dwuma bere a woadidi awie no.
• Ma wo mfiri a wode home no ho ntew.
• Ma wo fie ho ntew na mfutuma nkɔ so daa.
• Nya wo vaccines wɔ bere ano, a atiridiinini aduru, pneumococcal vaccine, ne COVID-19 vaccine ka ho.
• Nya apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ nhyehyɛe bi fi wo duruyɛfo hɔ na di akyi.
• Kwati nneɛma a ɛhyɛ abufuw te sɛ wusiw, kar mu mframa, nnuhuam a ano yɛ den, nneɛma a wɔde tew nneɛma ho, paint/varnishes, mfutuma, pollen, ne afieboa dander.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wo home mu yɛ den kɛse a, frɛ 1990 ntɛm ara.

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa:

• Sɛ ahome yɛ den sen sɛnea wotaa yɛ anaasɛ ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome ayɛ mmerɛw a.
• Sɛ woreyɛ nsu pii sen sɛnea wotaa yɛ a.
• Sɛ nsuo no yɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa ahabammono soronko a.
• Sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wode wo bronchodilator anaa corticosteroid aduru a wɔhome no di dwuma mpɛn pii a.
• Sɛ ɛte sɛ nea w’aduru no mmoa wo ma wo ho tɔ wo a.
• Sɛ ɔfe no kɔ soro a.
• Sɛ wuntumi nna anadwo anaasɛ wosɔre anadwo fã esiane sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome nti a.
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ w’ahoɔden so atew a.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, siesie wo ho sɛ wubebisa nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

• Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ mewɔ emphysema anaa?
• Sɛ minni emphysema a, aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo bɛn na mewɔ?
• Nneɛma bɛn na ebetumi ama me emphysema no ayɛ kɛse?
• Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ me home reyɛ asɛe?
• Ayaresa ahorow bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
• Dɛn na metumi ayɛ de asiw ɔhome mu yare ano?
• Dɛn na metumi ayɛ na ama magyae sigaretnom?
• So mmoa akuw bi wɔ hɔ a wobetumi aboa me ma magyae sigaretnom?
• So mihia nhwehwɛmu wɔ akwan horow a wɔfa so tew ahurututu mu duru so anaasɛ ahurututu a wɔde ma obi foforo ho?

So COVID-19 de emphysema ba?

Sɛ wo nni ahurututu mu yare anaa ɔsɛeɛ dedaw a, COVID-19 tumi de giant emphysema ba. Nanso, eyi ho yɛ na koraa. Amanneɛbɔ kakraa bi pɛ na wɔanya a ɛkyerɛ sɛ abusuabɔ bi da COVID-19 ne giant emphysema ntam. Giant emphysema yɛ yare a ɛma obi nya akisikuru. Sɛ wowɔ emphysema a, mframa kotoku no yɛ akɛse, na ɛkata ahurututu biako anaa abien no nyinaa bɛyɛ nkyem abiɛsa mu biako so. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ mframa kotoku akɛse yi bullae (dodow kabea: bulla).

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Emphysema yɛ yare a enni sabea a ɛsɛe mframa kotoku a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu, na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome. Wontumi nsakra ɔsɛe a efi emphysema mu ba no, na bere kɔ so no, ebetumi asɛe nkakrankakra. Nanso, ayaresa betumi aboa ma wɔadi yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so na atew nkɛntɛnso a emphysema de ba no so.Wɔ ayaresa akyi no, afotu a wɔde siw ɔhome mu nyarewa ano a wubedi akyi no bɛboa wo ma woahome ayɛ mmerɛw. Sɛ wuhu yare no ntɛm a, ebetumi aboa wo ma woakura asetra pa mu bere tenten. Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome, titiriw sɛ wonom sigaret a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Obetumi ahu sɛ ɔwɔ emphysema na wayɛ akwahosan ho nhyehyɛe a ɛfata wo. Afei wubetumi akɔ so ayɛ nneɛma a w’ani gye ho no. Emphysema, ahurututu mu yare, ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa, sigaretnom, COPD, ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea, ɔhome mu yare