So ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome? So antweri a woforo anaa wo nantew kwan tiaa bi mpo ma wote nka sɛ mframa bɔ? So worepere wo ho wɔ ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa ho? Eyinom betumi ayɛ ahurututu mu yare bi a wɔfrɛ no emphysema a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ no ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Mesrɛ mo, mma momma mo ho nnyɛ mo hu; momma yɛnbom nkɔ eyi mu.
Dɛn ne Emphysema? Mfitiaseɛ Nteaseɛ
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, emphysema yɛ tebea a mframa kotoku nketenkete a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu a wɔfrɛ no alveoli no sɛe. Saa ntini ahorow yi na ɛma mframa pa fi mframa mu kɔ wo mogya mu bere a eyi mframa bɔne fi mframa mu no. Susuw w’ahurututu ho te sɛ bubble wrap; alveoli no yɛ saa ahurututu nketenkete no. Ahurututu a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden no mu bɛyɛ ɔpepem 300 na ɛwɔ mu.
Wɔ emphysema mu no, saa ntini ahorow yi afasu yɛ mmerɛw na awiei koraa no, ɛpaapae. Sɛ́ anka wubenya ahurututu nketenkete pii no, wubewie a wubenya mframa kotoku akɛse a ɛnyɛ daa. Eyi ma asase ani a ɛwɔ hɔ a wobetumi de oxygen sesa no so tew kɛse. Bio nso, mframa betumi akɔhyɛ w’ahurututu mu, na ama ayɛ den sɛ wobɛhome na woahome ayɛ tiaa. Nnipa binom betumi anya "barrel-chested" hwɛbea esiane mframa a wɔakyere mu yi nti.
Dɛn ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde emphysema ba?
Mpɛn pii no, emphysema ba nnipa a wɔanom sigaret mfe pii no so. Nanso, ɛnyɛ sigaretnom nkutoo na ɛde ba. Nneɛma afoforo bi ne:
- Mframa a ɛde efĩ ba wɔ fie anaa adwumam: Mfutuma, nnuru wusiw, anaa mframa a wɔsɛe no bere tenten.
- Awosu mu nneɛma : Ankorankoro binom wɔ tebea bi a ɛntaa nsi a wɔfrɛ no alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency , a ebetumi ama wɔanya emphysema.
- Ɔhome mu nyarewa : Ahurututu mu yare a ɛtaa ba nso betumi ama nneɛma asɛe.
Nnipa ɔpepem pii wɔ wiase nyinaa wɔ emphysema. Ɛyɛ tebea a emu yɛ den a egye ayaresa a ɛfata.
Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Emphysema ne COPD ntam?
Ebia woate asɛmfua COPD. COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) yɛ asɛmfua a wɔde kyerɛkyerɛ ahurututu mu nyarewa kuw bi a ɛkɔ so yɛ kɛse mu. Emphysema hyɛ saa kuw yi ase, na saa ara na Chronic Bronchitis nso te. Ebia COPD ayarefo binom nso anya ayamtu.
Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Emphysema ne Chronic Bronchitis ntam?
N’abien nyinaa yɛ COPD ahorow, na nnipa pii wɔ tebea abien no nyinaa bere koro mu.
- Emphysema: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ w’ahurututu mu ntini a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu no sɛe titiriw. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛda nsow ne sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome .
- Bronchitis a Enni sabea: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wo mframa kwan mu ntini nketenkete—nneɛma nketenkete a ɛte sɛ nhwi—a ɛsɛe. Saa cilia yi na ɛma mmoawa , mfutuma, ne nneɛma a ɛhyɛ abufuw fi hɔ. Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne ɔfe a ɛsow aba a ɛde nsu a ɛyɛ den ba, a ebetumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono, anaa fitaa.
Dɛn ne Emphysema no fã ahorow?
Aduruyɛ ho adwumayɛfo gyina GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) gyinapɛn ahorow so kyekyɛ emphysema mu de hwɛ sɛnea yare no mu yɛ den.
- Ɔfã 1 (Mild): Anyɛ yiye koraa no, w’ahurututu dwumadi yɛ nea wɔhwɛ kwan wɔ wo mfe, wo tenten, ne wo bɔbeasu ho no 80%.
- Ɔfã 2 (Ɛyɛ mmerɛw): W’ahurututu dwumadi yɛ 50% kosi 79%.
- Ɔfã 3 (Nea emu yɛ den): W’ahurututu mu dwumadi yɛ 30% kosi 49%.
- Ɔfã 4 (Ɛyɛ den yiye): W’ahurututu mu dwumadi nnu 30%.
Saa akwan yi boa w’akwahosan ho ɔyaresafo ma ɔyɛ w’ayaresa ne w’asetra kwan so nhyehyɛe ahorow.
Dɛn ne obi a ɔwɔ Emphysema no anidaso?
Ɛsono ankorankoro biara, na adwene a wubenya no gyina mfe a woadi, faako a yare no akɔ so, ne wo sigaretnom ho abakɔsɛm so. Sigaretnom a wubegyae no betumi ama w’asetra atu mpɔn kɛse, bere a wɔahu sɛ wowɔ yare no mpo akyi. Bere a yare no abu so kɛse wɔ ankorankoro a wɔadi fi mfe 50 kosi 70 so no, ade a ɛho hia sen biara a wubetumi ayɛ ne sɛ sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a, wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm.
Dɛn ne Emphysema ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edi kan?
Wɔ nnipa pii fam no, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no da adi bere a ahurututu mu ntini no 50% anaa nea ɛboro saa asɛe akyi nkutoo. Mfiase no, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa na woabrɛ no mu ayɛ den nkakrankakra.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne afoforo bi ne:
- "Sigaretnomfo ɔfe" a ɛkɔ so daa.
- Ahomegye bere a worehome no.
- Ahome tiaa , titiriw bere a wɔreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ te sɛ antweri a wɔforo no.
- Nkate a ɛba bere nyinaa sɛ wonnya mframa a ɛdɔɔso.
- Koko a ɛyɛ den.
- Nsu a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛkɔ soro.
- Ɔbrɛ a enni sabea .
- Nneɛma a ɛhaw adwene a ɛfa koma ho .
- Dae a ɛyɛ basaa.
- Brɛ .
- Hahaahayɔ.
- Mu duru a ɛso tew a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu.
Sɛ wowɔ emphysema a, asiane kɛse nso wɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nyarewa te sɛ ahurututu mu yare ne ahurututu mu yare.
Dɛn ne ade titiriw a ɛde Emphysema ba?
Sigaretnom ne ade titiriw a ɛde emphysema ba.
Sigaret wusiw sɛe ahurututu mu ntini na ɛhyɛ mframa kwan no abufuw, na ɛde ɔfe ne nsu a ɛboro so ba. Wɔ sigaretnom akyi no, nneɛma afoforo bi ne wii wusiw, vaping, e-sigaret, sigaret wusiw, mframa a wɔsɛe no, mfutuma, ne mfiridwuma mu nnuru wusiw.
So Emphysema yɛ ɔyare mmoawa?
Dabi, emphysema nyɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba. Worentumi mfa mma obi foforo biara.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya Emphysema?
Wo duruyɛfo betumi denam nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu ne nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ de ahu ahurututu so ahu ahurututu mu yare. Wɔde afiri a wɔde tie asɛm bɛtie w’ahurututu; nnyigyei a ɛyɛ tokuru bere a worebɔ wo koko no betumi akyerɛ sɛ mframa a akye. Sɛ worepere sɛ wobɛhome a, yɛsrɛ sɛ kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome a, yɛsrɛ wo, kɔ adwumayɛbea a ɛhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so (911) nkyɛn prɛko pɛ.
Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔde hu Emphysema?
Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo nhwehwɛmu ahorow a edidi so yi akyerɛ sɛ wobɛyɛ:
- Chest X-ray: Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛhwɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu te. Yɛsrɛ sɛ hyɛ no nsow sɛ ebia X-ray renhu yare no wɔ ne mfiase; mfaso wɔ so kɛse ma wohu nsɛm a emu yɛ den kosi nea emu yɛ den.
- CT scan: Eyi ma wunya w’ahurututu ho mfonini a ɛkɔ akyiri wɔ 3D mu, na ɛma wutumi hu ade yiye sen X-ray a wɔtaa de di dwuma.
- Pulmonary function testing (PFT): Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi kyerɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu no home mframa na ɛhome yiye. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne Spirometry , a ɛkyerɛ mframa a ɛkɔ ne mframa dodow a w’ahurututu betumi akura mu nyinaa pɔtee.
- Arterial Blood Gas (ABG): Ɛdenam mogya a efi ntini bi mu a wɔhwehwɛ mu so no, nhwehwɛmu yi kyerɛ oxygen ne carbon dioxide dodow. Sɛ wo emphysema no mu reyɛ den a, nhwehwɛmu yi boa ma wohu sɛ ebia wuhia oxygen foforo anaa.
- Electrocardiogram (EKG): Eyi hwehwɛ sɛnea wo koma yɛ adwuma de hu sɛ ebia wo home mu haw no ne komayare bi a ɛwɔ ase no wɔ abusuabɔ anaa.
- Mogya ne Awosu mu Nhwehwɛmu: Wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi de kyerɛ sɛ ebia awosu mu nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a ɛde ba, te sɛ Alpha-1 antitrypsin a enni nipadua no mu .
So wobetumi asan ahurututu mu ɔsɛe a emphysema de ba no?
Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, wontumi nsakra ahurututu mu ɔsɛe a emphysema de ba no koraa. Nanso, sɛ wosa yare no yiye a, wubetumi atew sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so kɛse, ama w’asetra atu mpɔn, na asiw w’ahurututu a ɛsɛe bio no ano.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa emphysema?
Emphysema yɛ tebea a ɛkɔ so nkakrankakra a bere kɔ so no, ebetumi asɛe kɛse. Enti, ayaresa botae atitiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛma yare no akɔ so brɛoo na ama w’ahurututu mu ntini a aka a ɛte apɔw no ayɛ adwuma kɛse. Wɔayɛ ayaresa akwan horow no ma ɛne sɛnea wo tebea no mu yɛ den no ahyia.
Ebia ayaresa a wobetumi apaw bi ne:
- Sigaretnom a wubegyae: Sɛ wonom sigaret a, sigaretnom a wubegyae ne ade biako pɛ a ɛho hia na etu mpɔn sen biara a wubetumi ayɛ de adi emphysema ho dwuma. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo betumi abom ahwehwɛ ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so agyae adwuma no.
- Nnuru a ɛma ahurututu mu trɛw: Nnuru yi boa ma ntini a atwa w’ahurututu ho ahyia no dwo, na ɛma mframa pii sen kɔ w’ahurututu mu na efi mu ba. Wɔtaa fa mfiri a wɔde home so de ma.
- Corticosteroids a wɔhome: Eyinom brɛ ɔfe ne nsu a ɛba wo mframa kwan mu no ase. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wode eyinom di dwuma da biara da de di sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ho dwuma.
- Corticosteroids a wɔnom: Wɔkyerɛw eyinom ma bere tiaa bi bere a yare no reyɛ kɛse no.
- Nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa: Wɔkyerɛw ma sɛ wɔmfa sa ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ ahurututu mu yare anaa ahurututu mu yare.
- Nnuru a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa: Wɔde di dwuma de tew ɔfe a ɛwɔ mframa kwan no mu no so kɛse.
- Oxygen ayaresa: Sɛ w’ahurututu ntumi mfa oxygen a ɛdɔɔso nkɔ wo mogya mu (tebea a wɔfrɛ no hypoxemia ) a, oxygen ayaresa betumi aboa. Wɔnam afiri so fa hwene mu afiri anaa anim akataso so de oxygen ba.
- Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (LVRS): Wɔ saa oprehyɛn yi mu no, oduruyɛfo bi yi ahurututu mu ntini nketenkete a asɛe no fi hɔ, na ɛma ntini a aka a ɛte apɔw no tumi yɛ adwuma yiye. Eyi ma nhyɛso a ɛwɔ wo home ntini ahorow so no so tew na ɛboa ma ahurututu no mu yɛ den. Saa adeyɛ yi mfata obiara.
- Ahurututu mu duru a wɔtew so wɔ ahurututu mu: Wɔ saa adeyɛ a ɛnyɛ den pii yi mu no, oduruyɛfo de ahurututu mu afiri di dwuma de ahurututu mu ntini a ɛkɔ ɔkwan biako so gu mframa kwan no mu. Saa valve ahorow yi ma mframa a wɔakyere no fi mu bere a ɛmma mframa foforo nkɔ mu, na ɛno betumi ama home ayɛ mmerɛw kɛse. Eyi nso mfata ɔyarefo biara.
- Ahurututu a wɔde si ananmu: Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a emu yɛ den na ayaresa afoforo adi nkogu a, wobetumi asusuw ho sɛ wɔde ahurututu a asɛe besi ahurututu a asɛe ananmu de ahurututu a ɛyɛ den a wɔde ma no asi ananmu.
Sɛ mewɔ emphysema a, dɛn na metumi ahwɛ kwan?
Wo bere tenten adwene gyina sɛnea wo emphysema no mu yɛ den so.
Sɛ wowɔ asɛm bi a emu nyɛ den a, mpɛn pii no, adwene a wubenya no yɛ papa. Nanso, emphysema a emu nyɛ den mpo betumi aka da biara da dwumadi ahorow, titiriw sɛ woadi boro mfe 65. Ebia wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow wɔ nnwuma a woyɛ daa te sɛ nantew, antweri a wobɛforo, anaa woresiesie wo ho mu.
Sɛ wowɔ emphysema a emu yɛ den a, ebia ɛbɛyɛ den kɛse sɛ wobɛhome, na ebia wubehia sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea mpɛn pii.
Wonnya aduru a edi mũ biara a wɔde sa emphysema, na ahurututu mu yare a ɛsɛe no yɛ nea ɛtra hɔ daa. Nanso, ayaresa ma wutumi di yare no ho dwuma yiye. Dodow a wufi ase sa yare ntɛm wɔ Nirogi Lanka kuw no hwɛ ase no, dodow no ara na wubetumi akura w’asetra mu yiye.
Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ menya emphysema no so?
Ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya emphysema no so ne sɛ wobɛkwati sigaretnom.
Ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubegyae, na ebia ebegye mmɔdenbɔ mpɛn pii. Sɛ woresusuw ho sɛ wubegyae a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa. Wobetumi de nneɛma ne mmoa ama wo de aboa wo ma woadi nkonim. Sɛ wode wo ho bɛhyɛ kuw bi a wɔboa wɔn mu nso a, ebetumi ayɛ nea mfaso wɔ so kɛse.
Akwan foforo a wobɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so ne:
- Kwati wusiw a wɔde di dwuma, mframa a wɔsɛe no, nnuru a wɔde yɛ wusiw, mfutuma, nsu mu nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ, ne afieboa a ɛyɛ fĩ.
- Wo fie a wobɛsɔ ahwɛ sɛ ebia radon mframa anaa.
- Akataso a ɛbɔ wo ho ban a wobɛhyɛ bere a wode nnuru reyɛ adwuma anaasɛ wɔ mmeae a mfutuma wɔ no.
Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi adi me tebea no ho dwuma?
Sɛ wowɔ emphysema a, nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a wobɛfa so asiw nsɛnnennen ano ne sɛ wubegyae sigaretnom na woabɔ wo ho ban afi ɔhome mu nyarewa ho. Saa afotu yi betumi aboa:
- Hohoro wo nsa mpɛn pii.
- Brush ne floss da biara, na fa aduru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa di dwuma bere a woadidi awie no.
- Ma wo mfiri a wode home nyinaa ho tew.
- Kura ofie tebea a ɛho tew mu denam mfutuma a wobɛtow agu daa so.
- Kɔ so nya wo nnuru a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban, a atiridiinini aduru, ahurututu mu aduru, ne COVID-19 aduru ka ho.
- Di apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔayɛ ama w’ankasa wo ho akyi sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ no.
- Kwati nneɛma a ɛhyɛ abufuw te sɛ wusiw, kar mu mframa, nnuhuam a ano yɛ den, nneɛma a wɔde tew nneɛma ho, paint/varnish, mfutuma, pollen, ne afieboa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?
Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome a, frɛ 911 anaa wo mpɔtam hɔ adwumayɛbea a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so ntɛm ara.
Sɛ wuhyia nea edidi so yi a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn:
- Ahome a wobɛhome no bɛyɛ den sen sɛnea wotaa yɛ anaasɛ wote nka sɛ ɛnyɛ den sɛ mframa bɛbɔ wo.
- Wohyɛ no nsow sɛ nsu a ɛyɛ nwini no kɔ soro.
- Wo nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ no kɔla sesa kɔ kɔkɔɔ anaa ahabammono.
- Ɛsɛ sɛ wode wo nkwagye bronchodilators anaa corticosteroids a wɔhome di dwuma mpɛn pii sen sɛnea wotaa yɛ no.
- Nnuru a wonom no mma ahotɔ koro no ara bio.
- Wo ɔfe no mu ayɛ den.
- Wosɔre anadwo fã esiane sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome nti.
- Wote nka sɛ w’ahoɔden anaa wobrɛ kɛse.
Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?
Sɛ woresiesie wo ho ama wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn a, susuw ho sɛ wubebisa nsɛm a ɛho hia yi:
- Woyɛɛ dɛn hui sɛ mewɔ emphysema?
- Sɛ minni emphysema a, tebea foforo bɛn na ebia ɛde me sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no reba?
- Nneɛma pɔtee bɛn na ebetumi ama me emphysema no mu ayɛ den?
- Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ me home resɛe anaa?
- Ayaresa ahorow bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ me?
- So apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ pɔtee bi wɔ hɔ a wohyɛ nyansa sɛ ɛbɛma m’ahurututu akwahosan atu mpɔn?
- Anamɔn bɛn na metumi ayɛ de asiw ɔhome mu nyarewa ano?
- Nneɛma anaa akwan bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ sɛ ɛbɛboa me ma magyae sigaretnom?
- So mmoa akuw bi wɔ hɔ a wɔbɛboa me wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so gyae sigaretnom no mu?
- So ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwehwɛ me mu hwɛ sɛ ebia wɔyɛ akwan a wɔfa so tew ahurututu mu duru so anaasɛ wɔde ahurututu mu ntini foforo bɛma?
So COVID-19 betumi ama obi anya emphysema?
Gye sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare anaa ɔhaw a woadi kan anya, ɛntaa nsi koraa sɛ COVID-19 bɛma "giant emphysema" aba. Amanneɛbɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ COVID-19 ne giant emphysema a ɛba no wɔ abusuabɔ no sua koraa.
Giant emphysema yɛ bullous yare bi. Wɔ ayarefo a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi mu no, mframa kotoku a ɛwɔ ahurututu no mu no tumi trɛw ma ɛkata ahurututu biako anaa abien no nyinaa nkyem abiɛsa mu biako so. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ mframa kotoku akɛse yi sɛ bulla (biako) anaa bullae (dodow kabea).
Nneɛma a Wɔde Fa Nneɛma a Etwa To
Emphysema yɛ tebea a enni sabea a ɛsɛe mframa kotoku a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu no, na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome. Bere a ɔsɛe a emphysema de ba no yɛ nea wontumi nsakra na ebetumi akɔ so bere tenten no, ayaresa a ɛfata betumi adi wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma yiye na atew nkɛntɛnso a yare no nya wɔ wo da biara da asetra so no so. Sɛ wudi nnuruyɛfo afotu akyi na woyɛ ahwɛyiye wɔ ɔhome mu nyarewa ho a, wubetumi ahome yiye. Sɛ wohu yare no ntɛm na wɔde wɔn ho gye mu a, ɛyɛ ade titiriw a ɛbɛma wɔakura asetra a ɛkorɔn mu bere tenten biara a wobetumi.Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome, titiriw sɛ woanom sigaret pɛn a, yɛsrɛ wo kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Wobetumi aboa ma wɔahu ahurututu mu yare na wɔayɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe a ɛfata w’ahiade, na aboa wo ma woakɔ so anya dwumadi ahorow a w’ani gye ho no mu anigye denam Nirogi Lanka mmoa so.
Emphysema, ahurututu mu yare, ahome a ɛyɛ den, sigaretnom, COPD, ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea, ɔhome mu yare
