Dɛn ne G6PD a Ɛnyɛ Den? Momma yensua ade a yensuro!

So woate G6PD Deficiency ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia edin no te sɛ nea ɛyɛ nwonwa kakra. Nanso nokwarem no, ɛyɛ awosu mu tebea a nnipa pii wɔ wɔ wiase, nanso mpɛn pii no ɛmma ɔhaw kɛse biara mma. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka nea saa G6PD a enni hɔ yi yɛ, nea enti a ɛba, ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ yehu ho asɛm. Ɛho nhia sɛ yesuro, momma yɛnkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu tiawa.

Dɛn ankasa ne G6PD Deficiency?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, G6PD a enni hɔ no yɛ awosu mu tebea a ɛma wo nipadua mu G6PD dodow sua koraa. Okay, seesei worebisa nea G6PD yɛ. G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) yɛ enzyme a ɛho hia yiye wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Adwuma titiriw a saa enzyme yi yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛbɔ yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no ho ban afi nneɛma ahorow a ɛsɛe ho.

Saa sintɔ yi ba bere a wɔwo obi a nsakrae, anaa nsakrae bi aba awosu mu abɔde a ɛyɛ G6PD enzyme no mu no. Ne saa nti, wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no ntumi nyɛ G6PD enzyme no sɛnea ɛsɛ.

Nanso ade no ni. Nnipa pii a wonni G6PD no nni sɛnkyerɛnne biara . Wɔbɔ wɔn bra sɛnea ɛsɛ. Nanso, ɛtɔ da bi a, ɔhaw betumi afi "nneɛma a ɛkanyan" te sɛ nnuru bi, ɔyare mmoawa, anaa nnuan bi (yɛbɛka eyinom ho asɛm akyiri yi). Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no hemolytic anemia betumi aba. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no mu paapae ntɛmntɛm na ɛsɛe. Ɛtɔ da bi a, nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn foforo betumi anya jaundice a emu yɛ den esiane G6PD a wonni nti.

G6PD a enni nipadua no mu yɛ tebea a abu so sen sɛnea ebia wubesusuw. Wobu akontaa sɛ nnipa ɔpepem 400 kosi 500 na wɔwɔ saa yare yi wɔ wiase nyinaa. Enti sɛ wowɔ bi a, wo duruyɛfo betumi aboa wo ma wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no akɔ so ayɛ nea ahobammɔ wom.

Dɛn ne G6PD a enni nipadua no mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, nnipa dodow no ara a wonni G6PD no ntaa nnya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Nanso, bere a biribi a ɛkanyan wo no de adwennwen ba wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no so na ɛma ɛpaapae (hemolysis) nkutoo na sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no da adi. Sɛ ɛba saa a, nneɛma a ɛte sɛɛ betumi asi:

• Ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so a wɔte nka
• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm ( tachycardia ) .
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den ( Dyspnea ) .
• Wora anaa aniwa fitaa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ (eyinom yɛ jaundice ho sɛnkyerɛnne ) .
• Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (ebia anofafa ne tɛkrɛma bɛyɛ mmerɛw mpo) .
• Nsu a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ tuntum, borɔdɔma, anaa tii
• Akisikuru a ayɛ kɛse

Sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ba mpofirim na emu yɛ den a, wɔfrɛ no hemolytic crisis . Sɛ wuhyia eyi a , ɛho hia yiye sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara.

G6PD a enni mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne

Mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo no ntaa nnya G6PD a wonni ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛda adi pefee. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba ne jaundice . Mpɛn pii no, eyi da adi wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi wɔ awo akyi. Sɛ wɔansa no yiye a, jaundice a emu yɛ den betumi ama akokoaa no amemene asɛe. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ kernicterus . Eyi nti na nnuruyɛfo sɔ mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo hwɛ sɛ ebia G6PD nni wɔn mu sɛ wosusuw sɛ ɛyɛ saa a.

Dɛn na ɛde G6PD a enni hɔ ba?

G6PD a enni hɔ no fi nsakrae (nsonsonoe) a ɛwɔ wo G6PD awosu mu abɔde mu. Saa nsakrae yi mma wo nipadua no ntumi nkyerɛ wo yiye sɛ yɛ G6PD enzyme no. Wunya awosu mu nsakrae yi fi w’awofo hɔ, denam X chromosome so .

Sɛ wowɔ saa awosu mu nsakrae yi a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no mu G6PD sua. G6PD enzyme no ho hia yiye efisɛ ɛmma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no ntumi nboaboa “free radicals ” pii ano. Mpɛn pii no, free radicals yɛ nneɛma a asiane biara nni ho. Wobetumi ahu wɔn wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu, wɔ nnuan bi mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, fava bankye), ne nnuru mu.

Nanso, sɛ wunni G6PD a ɛdɔɔso a, nneɛma bi a ɛkanyan wo (e.g. fava bankye a wubedi) betumi ama saa free radicals yi pii ayɛ kɛse dodo wɔ wo nkwammoaa mu. Eyi de tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no oxidative stress , a ɛde adwennwen ba wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no so. Awiei koraa no, saa nkwammoaa yi sɛe na ɛsɛe. Eyi ma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow so tew, na ɛde mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ mogya mu a ɛma mogya tu .

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛkanyan mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ mogya mu a ɛbata tebea yi ho?

Sɛnea nhwehwɛmufo binom kyerɛ no, fava bankye a wodi ne ade a ɛtaa kanyan obi . Sɛ obi a G6PD nni no nya mogya a ɛtɔ bere a wadi fava bankye akyi a, wɔfrɛ no favism . Nneɛma afoforo a ɛtaa kanyan obi ne:

• Nyarewa: Nyarewa te sɛ Hepatitis A ne Hepatitis B , Typhoid Fever , ne Pneumonia .
• Nnuru bi a wɔde sa asramma: Sɛ nhwɛso no , Primaquine .
• Nnuru bi a ekum ɔyare mmoawa : te sɛ nitrofurantoin , dapsone, ne sulfa nnuru .
• NSAID (nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw): Te sɛ aspirin ne ibuprofen .
• Sigaretnom ne nsa a wɔnom boro so.
• Adwene mu nhyɛso a emu yɛ den.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a emu yɛ den.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde asiane ba?

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya G6PD a enni awo mu no yɛ kɛse:

• Bɔbea:Mmarima taa nya G6PD a enni nipadua no mu. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ mmarima wɔ X chromosome biako pɛ a ɛde awosu mu nsakrae yi kɔ. (Esiane sɛ mmea wɔ X chromosome abien nti, mmere bi wɔ hɔ a ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ biako ho no, ɔfoforo no betumi atua ho ka.)
• Beae a ɛwɔ: Saa tebea yi abu so wɔ nnipa a wɔte Afrika Sahara anafo fam, Mediterranea mantam, ne Asia Kesee Fam Apuei mu.
• Abusuakuw: Nhwehwɛmufo bu akontaa sɛ mmarima a wofi Afrika abusua mu bɛboro 10% wɔ United States wɔ G6PD a enni hɔ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ G6PD a enni nipadua no mu?

Mpɛn pii no, nnuruyɛfo bedi kan abisa w’aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm nyinaa na wɔayɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Ebia wobebisa nso sɛ ebia woasesa nnuru nnansa yi anaasɛ woanya ɔyare mmoawa bi anaa. Wɔbɛsan nso ahwɛ sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu a ɔwɔ G6PD a enni hɔ anaa.

Sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔde hu G6PD a enni nipadua no mu ne:

• Mogya Dodow a Edi Mu (CBC): Ɛhwɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow.
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Ɛhwɛ sɛ mogya mu mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua no mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ mogya mu, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ne nsɛso anaa ne kɛse nyɛ papa anaa.
• Bilirubin Sɔhwɛ: Hwɛ sɛnea bilirubin, ade a ɛyɛ fĩ a efi mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a abubu mu ba no dodow.
• G6PD Sɔhwɛ: Hwɛ wo G6PD enzyme dodow.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa G6PD a enni nipadua no mu?

Nnuruyɛfo gyina tebea no so sa yare no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wowɔ jaundice a emu nyɛ den na wunim sɛ wowɔ G6PD a, wobedi kan asa jaundice ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow. Afei, wɔbɛkyerɛ wo nneɛma a ɛkanyan adwene a ɛsɛ sɛ wokwati.

Nanso, sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den a, ɛsono ayaresa no. Sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ wo mu denneennen a ɛma mogya tu a, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔma wo mogya .

Sɛ wo ba a wɔawo no foforo no wɔ jaundice a, wo duruyɛfo betumi de phototherapy (ayaresa a wɔde abɔde anaa hann a wɔde ayɛ) ayɛ no yare. Wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den kɛse mu no, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔma wo ba no mogya a wɔde sesa no . Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wobeyi akokoaa no mogya a enni apɔwmuden no na wɔde mogya a ahoɔden wom a wɔde ama no asi ananmu.

So wobetumi asiw G6PD a enni hɔ no ano?

Esiane sɛ eyi yɛ awosu mu tebea nti, wontumi nsiw ano. Nanso, akwan bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so hu no ansa na ɛde akwahosan ho haw akɛse aba. Eyinom bi ne:

• Nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔ aman pii a tebea yi abu so mu no, wɔayɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde hwehwɛ mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu de hu G6PD a enni mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu.
• Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu: Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu nni G6PD a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ DNA nhwehwɛmu nso.Ebia wo duruyɛfo betu wo fo sɛ yɛ saa.

Sɛ mewɔ saa tebea yi a, dɛn na metumi ahwɛ kwan?

Aduru biara nni hɔ a ɛbɛtra hɔ daa a wɔde sa G6PD a enni nipadua no mu. Nanso, nnipa dodow no ara betumi atra ase a ɔhaw biara nni ho sɛ wɔkwati nneɛma a ɛkanyan wɔn a. Na ɛnka nkwa nna.

Nanso, saa tebea yi nka obiara pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ebia nnipa pii a wonni G6PD no renhu mpo sɛ wɔwɔ bi efisɛ wonni sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Nnipa dodow no ara wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow, nanso ɛnyɛ den koraa. Nanso, wɔ ebinom fam no, sɛ wɔde wɔn ho to biribi a ɛkanyan wɔn so a, wobetumi anya mogya a ɛma mogya tu, a ebetumi de wɔn nkwa ato asiane mu.

Wo duruyɛfo betumi agyina nea woahu so akyerɛkyerɛ nea wubetumi ahwɛ kwan mu yiye.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Bisa wo duruyɛfo no nnuan ne nnuru a ɛsɛ sɛ wokwati. Nyansahyɛ afoforo bi ni:

• To nsa a wobɛnom ano hye: Sɛ wonom nsa pii a, ebetumi de nhyɛso aba wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no so.
• Kwati sigaretnom: Sigaretnom betumi ama free radicals aboaboa ano wɔ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a ɛfata: Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a emu yɛ den dodo betumi ama oxidative stress ayɛ kɛse.
• Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wubegye w’ahome sɛnea ɛsɛ: Dae hyɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu den, na ɛboa ma woko tia nyarewa a ebetumi ama mogya atɔ wo mu wɔ mogya a wɔde ma mu no.
• Di adwennwen ho dwuma: Sɛ wote adwennwen pii nka a, srɛ wo duruyɛfo ma ɔmmoa wo mma wo nni w’adwennwen ho dwuma.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wo ba a wɔawo no foforo no nni G6PD a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokwati sɛ wubedi fava bankye bere a worema nufu no . Nnuru a ebetumi ama mogya atɔ so asɛe no betumi afa nufusu mu akɔ akokoaa no nkyɛn.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ me duruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wunya G6PD a enni hɔ ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn bere biara. Sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den na ɛba ntɛmntɛm (mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua no mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne) a, kɔ oduruyɛfo ntɛm ara .

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Nsɛmmisa bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa sɛ wowɔ G6PD a enni hɔ ni:

• Me tebea no mu yɛ den dɛn?
• Nnuan ne nnuru bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekwati?
• So nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a ɛkanyan nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛsɛ sɛ mekwati?
• Hokwan bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ me ba no benya G6PD a enni awo mu?

Awiei koraa no, nea ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Ɛsono sɛnea wobehu sɛ obi anya G6PD a enni nipadua no mu no betumi aka obiara. Bere a wontumi nsa no, mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ tebea a wotumi di ho dwuma. Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ wubehu nneɛma a ɛkanyan obi a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu a ɛsɛe ade no yɛ kɛse na woakwati.Ebia ɛno bɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛkwati fava bankye ne nneɛma afoforo a ɛkanyan no. Ɛho hia nso sɛ wode suban pa di dwuma, te sɛ ahomegye pii a wubenya ne sigaret a worennom. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no nsɛm a ɛbɛboa wo ma woadi sɛnea G6PD a enni hɔ ka w’asetra no ho dwuma. Mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu, awareness ne defense a eye sen biara!

` G6PD a enni nipadua mu, mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ mogya mu, jaundice, awosu mu nyarewa, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, fava bankye, enzymes