So worehwɛ akokoaa kwan? Anaasɛ woanyinsɛn dedaw na woretwɛn sɛ wo ba foforo no bɛba? Afei ebia wo duruyɛfo no aka nsɛmfua ‘ Genetic Testing ’ ho asɛm akyerɛ wo. Bere a wotee saa din yi no, ebia wotee nka sɛ ehu aka wo kakra, wopɛ sɛ wuhu nneɛma pii, na w’adwene tu frae kakra. "Oh me nyame, dɛn ne sɔhwɛ yi? So ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ eyi ankasa? So me ba no bɛkɔ asiane mu?" Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ nsɛmmisa pii bɛba w’adwenem. Enti mma nsuro. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka eyi ho asɛm tiawa koraa, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.
Hena na awosu mu nhwehwɛmu yi ho hia ma?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɔbea biara wɔ hokwan sɛ ɔbɛyɛ saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi bere a wanyinsɛn anaa ansa na wanyinsɛn. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wɔde akokoaa no papa nso kɔma wɔnyɛ sɔhwɛ yi. Yɛbɛka nea enti a ɛte saa ho asɛm akyiri yi.
Mpɛn pii no, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wo duruyɛfo bɛka sɔhwɛ yi ho asɛm wɔ tebea horow a edidi so yi mu:
- Abusua abakɔsɛm: Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu, anaa akokoaa no papa abusua mu, wɔ awosu mu tebea bi (sɛ nhwɛso no, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia) a, nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi betumi aboa ma woahu sɛ ebia wo ba no nso betumi anya saa awosu mu tebea no afi awo mu anaa.
- Mfe: Mpɛn pii no, sɛ ɛna no adi boro mfe 35 a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obenya awosu mu tebea horow bi (titiriw Down syndrome) no kɔ soro kakra. Enti, nnuruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi wɔ nsɛm a ɛtete saa mu.
- Mmusuakuw: Awosu mu nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛfa mmusuakuw ahorow pɔtee bi ho wɔ wiase. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnipa a wofi Europa Apuei Fam anaa Ashkenazi Yudafo abusua mu no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya tebea horow a wɔfrɛ no Tay-Sachs ne Canavan . Nnipa a wofi Afrika no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya sickle cell yare. Aborɔfo wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya cystic fibrosis . Bere a eyinom yɛ nhwɛso ahorow a efi wiase nyinaa de, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa fa w’abusua tebea ho.
Dɛn na sɔhwɛ ahorow yi yɛ ankasa?
Nnuruyɛfo de awosu mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow di dwuma . Yebetumi akyekyɛ eyinom mu akuw atitiriw abien. Momma yɛnhwɛ no saa kwan yi so na yɛate ase yiye.
| Sɔhwɛ Type | Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn na ɛba wɔ eyi ho? |
|---|---|
| Sɔhwɛ ahorow a Wɔde Hwɛ Nneɛma So | Wɔde nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi di dwuma de hu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wo ba no benya awo mu dɛmdi ahorow bi. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne Down syndrome, Trisomy 18, ne Trisomy 13. Eyi te sɛ nea worehyɛ nkɔm sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ obi benya akwanhyia wɔ kwan so. |
| Sɔhwɛ ahorow a Wɔde Soa Nneɛma | Eyi sɔ hwɛ sɛ ebia wo, anaa akokoaa no papa, yɛ obi a ɔwɔ awosu mu yare bi anaa. ‘Crrier’ kyerɛ sɛ onipa no nni sɛnkyerɛnne biara, nanso awosu mu abɔde a ɛde yare no ba no wɔ wɔn nipadua mu. Wobetumi de saa awosu mu abɔde no ama abofra no. Nhwɛso ahorow: Cystic fibrosis, Fragile X syndrome, Sickle cell yare. |
Hena na ɔyɛ ɔsoafo?
Momma yɛnkyerɛkyerɛ eyi mu kakra. Fa no sɛ wuhia awosu mu nkwaadɔm abien na ama woanya yare pɔtee bi. Baako fi wo maame hɔ na biako nso fi wo papa hɔ. Carrier kyerɛ sɛ onipa no wɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛde yare no ba no mu biako pɛ. Enti, wɔnnya yare no na wɔnkyerɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Nanso, sɛ awofo baanu no nyinaa yɛ awofo a, akokoaa no benya awosu mu abɔde a ɛde yare ba no afi awofo baanu no nyinaa hɔ, na hokwan wɔ hɔ sɛ akokoaa no benya yare no. Ɛno nti na carrier testing ho hia no.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi? So biribi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro?
Eyi ne baabi a nnipa dodow no ara suro. Nanso nokwarem no, ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Mpɛn pii no, ɔyarehwɛfo bi begye mogya afi wo nsa mu, anaasɛ wɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi mu no , obegye nnompe . Ɛno ne no.
Eyi remma wo anaa wo ba a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no mpira anaa asiane biara. Eyi te sɛ nea wɔyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu daa ara pɛ. Enti mma wo ho nnsuro wɔ ho a ɛho nhia.
Dɛn na nea efi mu ba no ka?
Eyi ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ obiara te ase.
Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no nkyerɛ sɛ wo ba no benya yare bi. Wɔkyerɛ ‘asiane’ a ɛwɔ yare bi a obi benya mu nkutoo.Ɛyɛ asɛm a ɛfa sɛ ebia ɛkorɔn anaasɛ ɛba fam ho ara kwa. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ sɛ nea efi mu ba no san ba sɛ ‘asiane kɛse’ a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wo ba no wɔ yare no. Nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ mu kɔ akyiri.
Sɛ wunya nea efi mu ba a ‘asiane kɛse wom’ a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo bi a ɛbɛma woahu. Nhwɛsoɔ:
- Amniocentesis: Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔde syringe fa amniotic nsu a atwa akokoaa no ho ahyia no kakraa bi pɛ na wɔde ultrasound scan hwehwɛ mu.
- Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Wɔ eyi mu no, woyi ntini ketewaa bi fi awotwaa no mu na wɔhwehwɛ mu.
Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mu yɛ den kakra sen mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no. Wobetumi de asiane ketewaa bi aba. Enti wɔyɛ eyinom sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobehu nea ‘asiane kɛse’ no yɛ ankasa nkutoo. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ eyinom nyinaa mu akyerɛ wo yiye.
Dɛn nti na ɛho hia sɛ woma wo papa nso yɛ sɔhwɛ?
Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, sɛ nyarewa bi benya a, ehia sɛ akokoaa no nya awosu mu nkwaadɔm no fi ɛna no ne agya no nyinaa hɔ. Fa no sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔwɔ cystic fibrosis. Ebia wobɛhaw wo ho. Nanso sɛ wɔsɔ akokoaa no papa hwɛ na ɔnyɛ obi a ɔde yare no kɔ (negative) a, ɛnde ɛkame ayɛ sɛ hokwan a akokoaa no wɔ sɛ obenya yare no fi hɔ koraa. Ɛno nti na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛho hia paa sɛ wɔsɔ awofo baanu no nyinaa hwɛ.
Mpɛn ahe na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi bere a wɔyem?
Mpɛn pii no, wɔyɛ no pɛnkoro. Wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi wɔ adapɛn dodow bi mu wɔ nyinsɛn mu.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so hu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wo ba no benya awosu mu yare bi, nanso ɛnkyerɛ sɛ yare no wɔ hɔ.
- Wɔde mogya anaa nnompe a ɛnyɛ den na ɛyɛ eyinom mu dodow no ara, enti asiane biara nni hɔ ma wo anaa wo ba no.
- Sɛ sɔhwɛ no mu aba ka sɛ ‘asiane kɛse’ a, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu. Ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ yare no, nanso ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ mu kɔ akyiri.
- Mo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw nsɛmmisa, dadwen, anaa adwenem naayɛ biara a wowɔ wɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi, nea efi mu ba, ne anammɔn a edi hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ho . Ɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu akyerɛ wo.
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