Skip to main content

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔbɛpaw obi a ɔde mmadwoa bɛma? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔbɛpaw obi a ɔde mmadwoa bɛma? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!

Ɛna anaa agya a obi bɛyɛ no yɛ adaeso ma obiara. Nanso ɛtɔ da bi a, esiane nneɛma ahorow nti, yehia mmoa kakra na ama saa dae no abam. Abofra a wobenya denam obi a ɔde mmadwoa ma so no yɛ akwan a ɛte saa no mu biako. Yenim sɛ eyi yɛ gyinaesi kɛse a ɛyɛ nkate paa. Ɛno nti na yɛresiesie yɛn ho sɛ yɛbɛka yei ho asɛm tiawa ne ayamye mu akyerɛ mo a moredwene sɛ mobɛfa saa akwantuo yi.

Dɛn nti na yehia obi a ɔde mmadwoa bɛma?

Nneɛma pii nti na obi a ɔwɔ anidaso sɛ obegye abofra no betumi ahia mmoa a efi obi a ɔde mmadwoa bɛma no ananmu. Susuw tebea horow yi ho hwɛ:

  • Ebia woyɛ ɛna a onni ɔhokafo a w’ankasa wopɛ sɛ wotete abofra.
  • Wo ne wo hokafo betumi ayɛ awarefo a wɔne wɔn ho da.
  • Ebia wo kunu ntumi nwo mma esiane aduruyɛ mu ntease bi nti (sɛ nhwɛso no, awo a wontumi nwo).
  • Eyi betumi afi aduruyɛ mu ntease afoforo, asetra kwan a wɔpaw, anaa nea obi ankasa pɛ.

Ɛmfa ho nea enti a ɛte saa no, obi a ɔde mmadwoa ma no yɛ ɔkwan a wogye tom a wɔfa so nya mmoa de bɔ abusua nnansa yi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɔkwan a wɔfa so paw wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma no yɛ adwuma?

Wɔtaa fa mmadwoa akorae so na ɛyɛ eyi. Wɔde nhwehwɛmu a emu yɛ den yiye hyɛ wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma wɔ eyinom mu no ase. Enti nea wunya paw wɔn a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden na wɔfata nkutoo. Eyi ma wunya asomdwoe pii, ɛnte saa?

Ansa na wɔbɛyɛ wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma no, wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow te sɛ:

Sɔhwɛ su Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...
Abusua aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm a edi mũ Yɛhwɛ nneɛma te sɛ awosu mu nyarewa a abusua a ɔde mae no wɔ mu.
Nkwaboaa akwahosan ho nhwehwɛmu Wɔhwehwɛ mmadwoa dodow, sɛnea ɛkeka ne ho, ne ne su mu kɔ akyiri.
Nyarewa a Wɔde Nyarewa Ba Ho Nhwehwɛmu a Wɔyɛ Wɔhwɛ sɛ wɔn ho nni nyarewa a ɛyɛ hu te sɛ HIV, hepatitis B ne C.
Mogya a Wɔde Kyerɛw Nsɛm Wɔkyerɛw nea ɔde mae no mogya dodow.
Awosu mu Nyarewa a Wɔsɔ Hwɛ Wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi de hu sɛ ebia abofra no wɔ awosu mu nyarewa bi a ahintaw a ebia wonya fi awo mu anaa.

Enti, wunni biribiara a ɛsɛ sɛ wusuro . Wowɔ hokwan sɛ wubisa nsɛm biara a wususuw sɛ ɛho hia na wuhu ho asɛm.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwehwɛ bere a yɛrepaw obi a ɔde mmoa bɛma no?

Eyi ne ɔfã a ɛho hia sen biara. Eyi yɛ ankorankoro gyinaesi ankasa. Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wususuw ho, te sɛ wo nkate, mmara mu nsɛm, ne ɛka a wobɛbɔ. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

1. So ɛyɛ mmadwoa a wɔde sie anaasɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛnyɛ nhyehyɛe?

Nnipa pii nam mmadwoa akorae so na ɛyɛ eyi. Sikakorabea biara wɔ mmara ahorow a ɛsono emu biara kakra. Sikakorabea ahorow bi fa wɔn a wɔawie sukuu nkutoo, bere a afoforo nso hwɛ nneɛma te sɛ ne tenten ne nipadua su. Nanso sikakorabea dodow no ara bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so akura nneɛma ahorow a egyina hɔ ma nnipa dodow no ara mu.

Afei nso, nnipa binom yɛ eyi wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ ɔkwan pa so, denam obi a wonim no a wɔne no kasa so , sen sɛ wɔbɛfa sikakorabea. Wɔ saa kwan yi so no, ahofadi pii wɔ hɔ ma afã abien no nyinaa. Nanso ɛmfa ho ɔkwan a wobɛfa so no, ɛsɛ sɛ wunya mmara mu afotu . Efisɛ ɛho hia yiye sɛ yɛbɛkwati nsɛmmisa a ɛfa hokwan ahorow a abofra no wɔ ne asɛyɛde ahorow a nea ɔde ma no wɔ daakye ho.

2. Onii ko a ɔde mae no: Wonim anaasɛ wonnim?

Eyi ne gyinaesi a ɛsen biara a wubesi.

  • Anonymous Donor: Worenhu onii ko a ɔde mae no yɛ. Sɛ wugye di sɛ ɛho renhia sɛ wo ba no hyia nea ɔde mmoa mae no bere a wadi mfe 18 akyi a, ebia ɔkwan yi bɛyɛ papa ama w’abusua. Nea ɔde mae no nkutoo na wubehu, te sɛ aduruyɛ ho nsɛm ne nhomasua.
  • Ɔdemafo a Wonim: Wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma no binom pɛ sɛ ɛna no ne abofra no nyinaa hu wɔn ho wɔn ho. Eyi ma wotumi bɔ abusua abakɔsɛm ne akwahosan ho nsɛm ho nkɔmmɔ pefee . Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ yenya adwene a emu da hɔ wɔ abusuabɔ a ɛda yɛne abofra no ntam daakye no ho.

3. Daakye abusuabɔ a ɛda wɔne nea ɔde mmoa ma no ntam

Sɛ wopaw obi a wunim no a, ebia abofra no benya hokwan ne nea ɔde mmoa ma no anya abusuabɔ ansa na wadi mfe 18 mpo. Nanso, ɛnyɛ wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma no nyinaa na wɔyɛ pɛ. Ebinom wɔ ɔpɛ sɛ wobehyia abofra no, na afoforo nso nyɛ saa. Ansa na wubesi gyinae no, hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne nea ɔde mmoa mae no nyinaa wɔ kratafa koro wɔ asɛm yi ho.

Eyi nyɛ gyinaesi a ɛsɛ sɛ wo nkutoo si. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wo ne wo hokafo bɛka eyi ho asɛm pefee sɛ wowɔ bi a, ne wo duruyɛfo nso.

4. Ɛka a wɔbɔ

Ɛka ahorow wɔ mmadwoa a wɔde ma no mu. Sɛ wode sika a wɔbɔ wɔ mmadwoa sikakorabea ne mmara mu ka bom a, ebetumi ayɛ nea ne bo yɛ den kakra. Enti, nyansa wom sɛ wubenya sikasɛm nhyehyɛe a emu da hɔ, kyerɛ sɛ, sika ho nhyehyɛe, ansa na woafi akwantu yi ase.

5. Nhomasua ne nea ɔde mmoa ma no su afoforo

Ebia nnipa binom ani begye nea ɔde mmoa ma no nhomasua, adwuma a ɔyɛ, ne tenten, ne honam ani hwɛbea, ne adwinni ho nimdeɛ ho. Sɛ wowɔ nneɛma titiriw a ɛte saa a wopɛ a, wubetumi apaw mmadwoa sikakorabea a ɛwɔ wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma a wɔte saa. Nanso kae sɛ, nea ehia paa ne sɛ wode abofra a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden na ɔwɔ anigye bɛka w’asetra ho.

Saa akwantu yi betumi ayɛ nea ɛyɛ den na ɛkanyan nkate. Nanso sɛ wunya nsɛm ne akwankyerɛ a ɛfata a, wubetumi asi gyinae a eye sen biara ama w’abusua. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo bi fa eyi ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa. Obetumi ama wo aduruyɛ ne nkate fam mmoa a wuhia.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

  • Sɛ́ wobɛpaw obi a ɔde mmadwoa bɛma no yɛ ankorankoro gyinaesi a ɛho hia yiye. Gye wo bere fa paw nea ɛfata wo.
  • Sɛ́ ebia wobɛpaw ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma (ɛnam mmadwoa akorae so) anaasɛ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ ɔkwan pa so (ɛnam obi a wunim no so) no, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwehwɛ mmara mu afotu na woakwati ɔhaw ahorow a ebetumi aba daakye.
  • Bra gyinaesi a emu da hɔ wɔ nea ɔde mae no nipasu (a wonnim anaasɛ wonim) ne daakye abusuabɔ ho. Eyi nso bɛka abofra no daakye.
  • Di kan hu ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ saa nhyehyɛe yi ho na yɛ sikasɛm nhyehyɛe ma no.
  • Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa pefee wɔ nsɛmmisa anaa nsɛm biara a ɛhaw wo ho. Ɛno ne beae a eye sen biara a wubetumi anya afotu a eye sen biara.

sperm donor, sperm bank, sperm bank, mmofra a wɔfa wɔn sɛ wɔn mma, awo akwahosan, awo a wontumi nwo

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɔkwan a wɔfa so paw wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma no yɛ adwuma?

Wɔtaa fa mmadwoa akorae so na ɛyɛ eyi. Wɔde nhwehwɛmu a emu yɛ den yiye hyɛ wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma wɔ eyinom mu no ase. Enti nea wunya paw wɔn a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden na wɔfata nkutoo. Eyi ma wunya asomdwoe pii, ɛnte saa?

1. So ɛyɛ mmadwoa a wɔde sie anaasɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛnyɛ nhyehyɛe?

Nnipa pii nam mmadwoa akorae so na ɛyɛ eyi. Sikakorabea biara wɔ mmara ahorow a ɛsono emu biara kakra. Sikakorabea ahorow bi fa wɔn a wɔawie sukuu nkutoo, bere a afoforo nso hwɛ nneɛma te sɛ ne tenten ne nipadua su. Nanso sikakorabea dodow no ara bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so akura nneɛma ahorow a egyina hɔ ma nnipa dodow no ara mu.

2. Onii ko a ɔde mae no: Wonim anaasɛ wonnim?

Eyi ne gyinaesi a ɛsen biara a wubesi.

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Wɔnnya nyɛɛ nsɛm biara. Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho wɔ ha nea edi kan.

Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho

Yɛsrɛ wo bu akontaa: 2 + 3 =
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔbɛpaw obi a ɔde mmadwoa bɛma? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!
Awo Akwahosan6, Kutawonsa, 2026

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔbɛpaw obi a ɔde mmadwoa bɛma? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!

Ɛna anaa agya a obi bɛyɛ no yɛ adaeso ma obiara. Nanso ɛtɔ da bi a, esiane nneɛma ahorow nti, yehia mmoa kakra na ama saa dae no abam. Abofra a wobenya denam obi a ɔde mmadwoa ma so no yɛ akwan a ɛte saa no mu biako. Yenim sɛ eyi yɛ gyinaesi kɛse a ɛyɛ nkate paa. Ɛno nti na yɛresiesie yɛn ho sɛ yɛbɛka yei ho asɛm tiawa ne ayamye mu akyerɛ mo a moredwene sɛ mobɛfa saa akwantuo yi.

Dɛn nti na yehia obi a ɔde mmadwoa bɛma?

Nneɛma pii nti na obi a ɔwɔ anidaso sɛ obegye abofra no betumi ahia mmoa a efi obi a ɔde mmadwoa bɛma no ananmu. Susuw tebea horow yi ho hwɛ:

  • Ebia woyɛ ɛna a onni ɔhokafo a w’ankasa wopɛ sɛ wotete abofra.
  • Wo ne wo hokafo betumi ayɛ awarefo a wɔne wɔn ho da.
  • Ebia wo kunu ntumi nwo mma esiane aduruyɛ mu ntease bi nti (sɛ nhwɛso no, awo a wontumi nwo).
  • Eyi betumi afi aduruyɛ mu ntease afoforo, asetra kwan a wɔpaw, anaa nea obi ankasa pɛ.

Ɛmfa ho nea enti a ɛte saa no, obi a ɔde mmadwoa ma no yɛ ɔkwan a wogye tom a wɔfa so nya mmoa de bɔ abusua nnansa yi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɔkwan a wɔfa so paw wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma no yɛ adwuma?

Wɔtaa fa mmadwoa akorae so na ɛyɛ eyi. Wɔde nhwehwɛmu a emu yɛ den yiye hyɛ wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma wɔ eyinom mu no ase. Enti nea wunya paw wɔn a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden na wɔfata nkutoo. Eyi ma wunya asomdwoe pii, ɛnte saa?

Ansa na wɔbɛyɛ wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma no, wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow te sɛ:

Sɔhwɛ su Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...
Abusua aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm a edi mũ Yɛhwɛ nneɛma te sɛ awosu mu nyarewa a abusua a ɔde mae no wɔ mu.
Nkwaboaa akwahosan ho nhwehwɛmu Wɔhwehwɛ mmadwoa dodow, sɛnea ɛkeka ne ho, ne ne su mu kɔ akyiri.
Nyarewa a Wɔde Nyarewa Ba Ho Nhwehwɛmu a Wɔyɛ Wɔhwɛ sɛ wɔn ho nni nyarewa a ɛyɛ hu te sɛ HIV, hepatitis B ne C.
Mogya a Wɔde Kyerɛw Nsɛm Wɔkyerɛw nea ɔde mae no mogya dodow.
Awosu mu Nyarewa a Wɔsɔ Hwɛ Wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi de hu sɛ ebia abofra no wɔ awosu mu nyarewa bi a ahintaw a ebia wonya fi awo mu anaa.

Enti, wunni biribiara a ɛsɛ sɛ wusuro . Wowɔ hokwan sɛ wubisa nsɛm biara a wususuw sɛ ɛho hia na wuhu ho asɛm.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwehwɛ bere a yɛrepaw obi a ɔde mmoa bɛma no?

Eyi ne ɔfã a ɛho hia sen biara. Eyi yɛ ankorankoro gyinaesi ankasa. Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wususuw ho, te sɛ wo nkate, mmara mu nsɛm, ne ɛka a wobɛbɔ. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

1. So ɛyɛ mmadwoa a wɔde sie anaasɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛnyɛ nhyehyɛe?

Nnipa pii nam mmadwoa akorae so na ɛyɛ eyi. Sikakorabea biara wɔ mmara ahorow a ɛsono emu biara kakra. Sikakorabea ahorow bi fa wɔn a wɔawie sukuu nkutoo, bere a afoforo nso hwɛ nneɛma te sɛ ne tenten ne nipadua su. Nanso sikakorabea dodow no ara bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so akura nneɛma ahorow a egyina hɔ ma nnipa dodow no ara mu.

Afei nso, nnipa binom yɛ eyi wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ ɔkwan pa so, denam obi a wonim no a wɔne no kasa so , sen sɛ wɔbɛfa sikakorabea. Wɔ saa kwan yi so no, ahofadi pii wɔ hɔ ma afã abien no nyinaa. Nanso ɛmfa ho ɔkwan a wobɛfa so no, ɛsɛ sɛ wunya mmara mu afotu . Efisɛ ɛho hia yiye sɛ yɛbɛkwati nsɛmmisa a ɛfa hokwan ahorow a abofra no wɔ ne asɛyɛde ahorow a nea ɔde ma no wɔ daakye ho.

2. Onii ko a ɔde mae no: Wonim anaasɛ wonnim?

Eyi ne gyinaesi a ɛsen biara a wubesi.

  • Anonymous Donor: Worenhu onii ko a ɔde mae no yɛ. Sɛ wugye di sɛ ɛho renhia sɛ wo ba no hyia nea ɔde mmoa mae no bere a wadi mfe 18 akyi a, ebia ɔkwan yi bɛyɛ papa ama w’abusua. Nea ɔde mae no nkutoo na wubehu, te sɛ aduruyɛ ho nsɛm ne nhomasua.
  • Ɔdemafo a Wonim: Wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma no binom pɛ sɛ ɛna no ne abofra no nyinaa hu wɔn ho wɔn ho. Eyi ma wotumi bɔ abusua abakɔsɛm ne akwahosan ho nsɛm ho nkɔmmɔ pefee . Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ yenya adwene a emu da hɔ wɔ abusuabɔ a ɛda yɛne abofra no ntam daakye no ho.

3. Daakye abusuabɔ a ɛda wɔne nea ɔde mmoa ma no ntam

Sɛ wopaw obi a wunim no a, ebia abofra no benya hokwan ne nea ɔde mmoa ma no anya abusuabɔ ansa na wadi mfe 18 mpo. Nanso, ɛnyɛ wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma no nyinaa na wɔyɛ pɛ. Ebinom wɔ ɔpɛ sɛ wobehyia abofra no, na afoforo nso nyɛ saa. Ansa na wubesi gyinae no, hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne nea ɔde mmoa mae no nyinaa wɔ kratafa koro wɔ asɛm yi ho.

Eyi nyɛ gyinaesi a ɛsɛ sɛ wo nkutoo si. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wo ne wo hokafo bɛka eyi ho asɛm pefee sɛ wowɔ bi a, ne wo duruyɛfo nso.

4. Ɛka a wɔbɔ

Ɛka ahorow wɔ mmadwoa a wɔde ma no mu. Sɛ wode sika a wɔbɔ wɔ mmadwoa sikakorabea ne mmara mu ka bom a, ebetumi ayɛ nea ne bo yɛ den kakra. Enti, nyansa wom sɛ wubenya sikasɛm nhyehyɛe a emu da hɔ, kyerɛ sɛ, sika ho nhyehyɛe, ansa na woafi akwantu yi ase.

5. Nhomasua ne nea ɔde mmoa ma no su afoforo

Ebia nnipa binom ani begye nea ɔde mmoa ma no nhomasua, adwuma a ɔyɛ, ne tenten, ne honam ani hwɛbea, ne adwinni ho nimdeɛ ho. Sɛ wowɔ nneɛma titiriw a ɛte saa a wopɛ a, wubetumi apaw mmadwoa sikakorabea a ɛwɔ wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma a wɔte saa. Nanso kae sɛ, nea ehia paa ne sɛ wode abofra a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden na ɔwɔ anigye bɛka w’asetra ho.

Saa akwantu yi betumi ayɛ nea ɛyɛ den na ɛkanyan nkate. Nanso sɛ wunya nsɛm ne akwankyerɛ a ɛfata a, wubetumi asi gyinae a eye sen biara ama w’abusua. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo bi fa eyi ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa. Obetumi ama wo aduruyɛ ne nkate fam mmoa a wuhia.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

  • Sɛ́ wobɛpaw obi a ɔde mmadwoa bɛma no yɛ ankorankoro gyinaesi a ɛho hia yiye. Gye wo bere fa paw nea ɛfata wo.
  • Sɛ́ ebia wobɛpaw ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma (ɛnam mmadwoa akorae so) anaasɛ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ ɔkwan pa so (ɛnam obi a wunim no so) no, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwehwɛ mmara mu afotu na woakwati ɔhaw ahorow a ebetumi aba daakye.
  • Bra gyinaesi a emu da hɔ wɔ nea ɔde mae no nipasu (a wonnim anaasɛ wonim) ne daakye abusuabɔ ho. Eyi nso bɛka abofra no daakye.
  • Di kan hu ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ saa nhyehyɛe yi ho na yɛ sikasɛm nhyehyɛe ma no.
  • Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa pefee wɔ nsɛmmisa anaa nsɛm biara a ɛhaw wo ho. Ɛno ne beae a eye sen biara a wubetumi anya afotu a eye sen biara.

sperm donor, sperm bank, sperm bank, mmofra a wɔfa wɔn sɛ wɔn mma, awo akwahosan, awo a wontumi nwo

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɔkwan a wɔfa so paw wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma no yɛ adwuma?

Wɔtaa fa mmadwoa akorae so na ɛyɛ eyi. Wɔde nhwehwɛmu a emu yɛ den yiye hyɛ wɔn a wɔde mmoa ma wɔ eyinom mu no ase. Enti nea wunya paw wɔn a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden na wɔfata nkutoo. Eyi ma wunya asomdwoe pii, ɛnte saa?

1. So ɛyɛ mmadwoa a wɔde sie anaasɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛnyɛ nhyehyɛe?

Nnipa pii nam mmadwoa akorae so na ɛyɛ eyi. Sikakorabea biara wɔ mmara ahorow a ɛsono emu biara kakra. Sikakorabea ahorow bi fa wɔn a wɔawie sukuu nkutoo, bere a afoforo nso hwɛ nneɛma te sɛ ne tenten ne nipadua su. Nanso sikakorabea dodow no ara bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so akura nneɛma ahorow a egyina hɔ ma nnipa dodow no ara mu.

2. Onii ko a ɔde mae no: Wonim anaasɛ wonnim?

Eyi ne gyinaesi a ɛsen biara a wubesi.

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Wɔnnya nyɛɛ nsɛm biara. Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho wɔ ha nea edi kan.

Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho

Yɛsrɛ wo bu akontaa: 2 + 3 =