So woda so ara ntumi nni wo mogya mmoroso so ɛmfa ho sɛ wonom nnuru no? Ebia nea ɛde ba ne Hyperaldosteronism!

So wowɔ mogya mmoroso , anaa “ nhyɛso ” sɛnea yɛn nyinaa nim no? Ebia worenom nnuru biako, abien, anaa nea ɛboro saa mpo a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo. Nanso so ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wubedi wo mogya so bere a woanom nnuru pii mpo a? Sɛ saa a, ebia nea enti a ɛte saa no nyɛ biribi a obiara taa susuw ho. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka ayaresa tebea soronko bi a ebetumi ama mogya mmoroso a nnuru ntumi nni so ntɛm ho asɛm. Ɛno ne Hyperaldosteronism. Ɛwom sɛ edin no yɛ den kakra de, nanso momma yɛnte ase wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw so.

Dɛn ne Hyperaldosteronism?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Hyperaldosteronism yɛ hormone "Aldosterone" a adrenal glands a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no yɛ dodo.

Afei ebia woresusuw ho sɛ, dɛn ne saa adrenal glands yi ? Dɛn ne saa aldosterone hormone yi?

Fa no sɛ, wɔ asaabo abien a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no atifi no, ntini nketewa abien wɔ hɔ, te sɛ kyɛw nketewa abien. Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no adrenal glands. Eyinom yɛ yɛn endocrine nhyehyɛe no fã a ɛho hia yiye. Saa ntini nketewa abien yi yɛ hormone ahorow pii a ɛho hia ma yɛn nipadua no da biara da dwumadi ahorow .

Wɔfrɛ hormone titiriw bi a saa ntini ahorow yi yɛ no aldosterone . Dwumadi titiriw a saa hormone yi yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛma yɛn mogya mmoroso ayɛ yiye . Ɛyɛ eyi denam sodium ne potassium dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu a ɛhwɛ so no so. Saa hormone yi yɛ adwuma wɔ yɛn nipadua mu te sɛ kar polisini a ɔhwɛ kar akwan so wɔ kwan so.

Enti, wɔ Hyperaldosteronism fam no, nea ɛba ne sɛ wɔyɛ saa aldosterone hormone yi boro so. Afei sodium dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no kɔ soro na potassium dodow so tew. Nea efi eyi mu ba awiei koraa ne mogya mmoroso (Hypertension) ne potassium dodow a ɛba fam wɔ mogya no mu (Hypokalemia) .

Eyi ahorow atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ.

Nnuruyɛfo kyekyɛ tebea yi mu abien titiriw, a egyina nea ɛde ba no so.

1. Hyperaldosteronism a Ɛho Hia:Wɔsan frɛ eyi sɛ "Conn's syndrome." Eyi fi ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ adrenal glands no ankasa mu, na ɛma wɔyɛ hormone aldosterone no pii dodo. Nea ɛde ba no da ntini no ankasa mu.

2. Secondary Hyperaldosteronism: Ɛha no, ɔhaw biara nni adrenal ntini no ho. Nanso esiane ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu mmeae afoforo nti, adrenal ntini no kanyan ma ɛyɛ ho biribi na ɛma aldosterone pii ba.

Henanom na tebea yi taa ka no kɛse?

Saa tebea yi taa ka nnipa a wɔadi fi mfe 30 kosi 50. Nhwehwɛmu nso ada no adi sɛ saa tebea yi abu so kakra wɔ mmea mu sen mmarima mu.

Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi kyerɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ mogya mmoroso no mu 5% kosi 10% betumi anya hyperaldosteronism titiriw. Abenfo gye di sɛ ebia nnipa a wɔwɔ mogya mmoroso a nnuru ntumi nnom no mu bɛyɛ 25% na wɔwɔ tebea no.

Dɛn ne eyi ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ tebea no mu nyɛ den koraa a, ebia sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ koraa. Nanso, nnipa pii nya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw a wɔtaa hu wɔ tebea yi mu ne mogya mmoroso (Hypertension) , titiriw mogya mmoroso a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobedi so bere a wɔde nnuru pii di dwuma mpo no.

Nneɛma abien na ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo ba: mogya mmoroso ne potassium dodow a ɛba fam wɔ mogya mu (Hypokalemia). Momma yɛntetew saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu pefee.

Dɛn nti na Hyperaldosteronism tebea yi ba?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, ɛsono nea enti a ɛte saa no sɛnea nneɛma atitiriw abien no te.

Nneɛma a Ɛde Hyperaldosteronism a Ɛho Hia Mfitiase Ba

Ɔhaw a ɛwɔ ha no wɔ adrenal gland no ankasa mu.

• Nea ɛtaa de ba: Mpɛn pii no, akisikuru a ɛnyɛ kokoram (adrenal adenoma) a ɛba adrenal gland no mu na ɛde eyi ba. Eyi nyɛ kokoram, enti biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw yɛn ho. Saa akisikuru yi ma hormone aldosterone no dɔɔso dodo.
• Nneɛma afoforo a ɛntaa nsi:
• Adrenal gland biako pɛ a ɛtrɛw (unilateral adrenal hyperplasia).
• Aldosterone a kokoram akisikuru (adrenocortical carcinoma) yɛ (eyi ntaa nsi koraa).
• Awosu mu tebea a wɔde fa awo ntoatoaso ahorow mu (Familial hyperaldosteronism).

Nneɛma a Ɛde Hyperaldosteronism a Ɛto so Abien Ba

Ɛha no, adrenal ntini no wɔ apɔwmuden. Nanso biribi foforo nti na wɔkanyan wɔn. Ade titiriw nti a ɛte saa ne mogya a ɛkɔ asaabo no mu no so tew .

Sɛ yɛbɛte eyi ase a, ɛsɛ sɛ yehu nhyehyɛe bi a ɛyɛ anigye yiye wɔ yɛn nipadua mu a ɛhwɛ mogya mmoroso so no ho asɛm kakra. Wɔfrɛ no Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Nhyehyɛe .

Fa eyi sɛ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn mu adeyɛ:

1. Sɛ yɛn mogya so tew anaasɛ sodium dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu no so tew a, yɛn asaabo te nka.

2. Afei asaabo no gyae enzyme bi a wɔfrɛ no "renin" kɔ mogya no mu.

3. Saa renin yi dan protein bi a wɔfrɛ no "Angiotensinogen", a mmerɛbo no yɛ no ma ɛbɛyɛ "Angiotensin I".

4. Afei, saa angiotensin I yi bɛyɛ “Angiotensin II”.

5. Awiei koraa no, ɛyɛ saa angiotensin II yi na ɛma mogya mmoroso kɔ soro denam mogya ntini a ɛtwetwe ne adrenal ntini a ɛkanyan ma ɛyɛ aldosterone no so.

Afei, wɔ hyperaldosteronism a ɛto so abien mu no, nea ɛba ne sɛ esiane aduruyɛ tebea bi nti, mogya dodow a ɛkɔ asaabo no mu no so tew. Afei asaabo no di mfomso susuw sɛ nhyɛso a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no sua. Enti, asaabo no frɛ mmoa na saa nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no fi ase. Ne saa nti, wɔyɛ hormone aldosterone no pii, bere a ɛho nhia ankasa no.

Tebea horow a ɛtew mogya a ɛkɔ asaabo no mu so na ɛde hyperaldosteronism a ɛto so abien ba:

• Adwene mu ntini mu yare a esiw kwan.
• Tebea horow a ɛma nsu boaboa ano wɔ nipadua no mu, te sɛ koma a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Cirrhosis a ɛwɔ mmerɛbo mu.
• Nephrotic syndrome, asaabo mu yare.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu saa tebea yi?

Sɛ woka wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo, titiriw mogya mmoroso a nnuru ntumi nsiw ano a, ebia obesusuw sɛ wowɔ saa tebea yi. Afei, ebia wɔbɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii de si eyi so dua.

1. Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu:

• Sɛ electrolyte mogya a wɔde di dwuma daa no da sodium dodow a ɛkɔ soro kakra (Hypernatremia) ne potassium dodow a ɛba fam (Hypokalemia) adi a, adwenem naayɛ kɔ soro.
• Afei, mogya mu nhwehwɛmu pɔtee abien wɔ hɔ a wobetumi de ahu tebea yi: Plasma Renin Concentration (PRC) anaa Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) .
• Sɛ wowɔ Primary Hyperaldosteronism a, wo renin dodow (PRC ne PRA) bɛba fam asen sɛnea ɛte daa.
• Sɛ wowɔ hyperaldosteronism a ɛto so abien a, wo renin dodow bɛkɔ soro asen sɛnea ɛte daa.

2. Aldosterone a Wɔde Siw Ano Sɔhwɛ:

• Nea ɛka sɔhwɛ yi ho ne sɛ wɔbɛma wo sodium (nkyene) foforo wɔ bere bi mu. Ebetumi ayɛ aduru a wode w’ano fa anaasɛ nkyene aduru a wode gu ntini mu.
• Afei, wɔboaboa wo nsu ano wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 mu na wɔsusuw aldosterone dodow a ɛwɔ saa nsu no mu.
• Wɔ obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden mu no, sodium a ɔnom boro so no ma nipadua no mu aldosterone a ɛyɛ no so tew. Nanso, wɔ obi a ɔwɔ hyperaldosteronism mu no, eyi nsi.

3. Mfoninitwa Sɔhwɛ ahorow:

• Sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ wowɔ hyperaldosteronism titiriw a, wo duruyɛfo bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) na ama wɔahu nea ɛde ba. Eyi betumi ahwɛ sɛ akisikuru bi wɔ adrenal gland no so anaa.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa eyi?

Ayaresa no gyina nea ɛde tebea no ba so. Nanso, botae titiriw ne sɛ wubedi wo mogya so.

• Wɔ hyperaldosteronism titiriw a akisikuru de ba ho no:

Mpɛn pii no, nnuruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ oprehyɛn yi akisikuru no ne ntini a ɛbata ho no.. Nnipa dodow no ara mogya mmoroso ne potassium dodow san ba sɛnea na ɛte wɔ oprehyɛn yi akyi. Nanso, ebia nnipa binom bɛkɔ so anya mogya mmoroso wɔ oprehyɛn akyi, na ebehia sɛ wɔkɔ so nom nnuru.

• Wɔ nneɛma afoforo a ɛde ba ne hyperaldosteronism a ɛto so abien nti:

Wɔ nsɛm yi mu no, wɔde nnuru na ɛyɛ ayaresa . Afei nso, sɛ ɛyɛ tebea a ɛto so abien a, ɛho hia sɛ wɔsa yare a ɛde ba no (e.g. komayare).

Nnuru a wɔtaa de di dwuma de yɛ eyi no bi ne:

• Spironolactone (Spironolactone – Aldactone®) a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu.
• Eplerenone (Eplerenone – Inspra®) a ɛyɛ aduru a ɛma obi nya ahoɔden.
• Amiloride (Amiloride – Midamor®) a ɛwɔ aduruyɛ mu.

Dɛn na ɛbɛba wɔ ayaresa akyi? Na dɛn ne nsɛnnennen no?

Tebea yi ho nkɔmhyɛ, kyerɛ sɛ, daakye tebea no gyina nea ɛde ba no so.

Mpɛn pii no, sɛ wohu ntɛm na wɔsa no yiye a, wotumi gyina hyperaldosteronism a edi kan no ano yiye . Wɔ hyperaldosteronism a ɛto so abien mu no, nea ebefi mu aba no gyina sɛ ebia wobetumi adi tebea a ɛde ba no so anaa.

Nsɛnnennen atitiriw a ebetumi aba wɔ tebea yi mu no fi mogya mmoroso a wontumi nni so bere tenten. Eyinom yɛ ɔhaw ahorow a anibere wom a ɛfa koma ne ntini nhyehyɛe ho.

Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wodi mogya mmoroso so yiye.

So wobetumi asiw tebea yi ano?

Mpɛn pii no, biribiara nni hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de asiw tebea yi ano. Efisɛ nsakrae a ɛba yɛn nipadua mu na ɛde ba. Nanso nea eye sen biara ne sɛ, sɛ wohu sɛ yare no pɛ a, wobetumi asa na wɔatumi asiw nsɛnnennen ano.

Hyperaldosteronism, aldosterone, adrenal glands, Conn’s syndrome, mogya mmoroso, mogya mmoroso, nhyɛso, potassium, sodium, asaabo, hormone ahorow