Dɛn nti na eyi yɛ ɔfe? (Ɔfe) - Momma yɛnhwehwɛ nea ɛyɛ ɔfe a ɛhyɛ abufuw yi ankasa!

Ɔfe yɛ biribi a yɛn nyinaa hyia bere nyinaa. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ɔfe a atiridii ketewaa bi ba no bɛbrɛ ase wɔ nnansa anaa nnansa mu. Nanso ɔfe bi kyɛ asram pii, ɛmma yɛnna anadwo mpo, na ɛma yɛyɛ mmerɛw koraa. Enti, dɛn ankasa ne ɔfe yi? Dɛn nti na yɛfefe? So ɔfe nyinaa yɛ pɛ? Momma yɛnka eyinom nyinaa ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri na yɛnka nnɛ ara kwa.

Dɛn ne ɔfe? Dɛn nti na yɛfefe?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɔfe yɛ ade a ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛyɛ mmuae a ɛba ara kwa (reflex) . Sɛ biribi a wompɛ anaasɛ ɛhyɛ abufuw akɔhyɛ wo menewa anaa wo moma so mframa kwan (`(Mframa kwan)`) mu a, nipadua no fafe sɛ ɛbɛyi afi mu. Susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ mpofirim ara womene aduan bere a woredidi, wofefe, saa na ɛte.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛhyɛ abufuw yi?

• Mfutuma ne wusiw: Mfutuma nketenkete a ɛwɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu, kar mu mframa, ne sigaret wusiw betumi ama obi afe bere a ɛhyɛn ɔhome kwan no mu no.
• Nsuo: Sɛ yɛnya yareɛ te sɛ atiridiinini a, yɛn mframa kwan no ma nsuo pii ba. Nipadua no ɔfe sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ebeyi saa nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ yi afi hɔ.
• Nyarewa : Sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ hɔ a, ɛhyɛ mframa kwan no nso abufuw.

Enti ɔfe yɛ biribi a yɛn nipadua yɛ de bɔ yɛn ho ban ankasa. Nanso, ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa no betumi ayɛ ahometew kɛse.

Dɛn ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde ɔfe ba?

Nneɛma pii nti na ɔfefe. Ebinom sua koraa, bere a afoforo nso hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn adwene si so kakra. Momma yɛnhwɛ nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde ba no.

• Atiridiinini ne atiridiinini (`(Influenza)`): Eyinom ne nneɛma a ɛtaa de ɔfe ba. Saa tebea horow yi fi mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba. Mpɛn pii no, ɔfe yi brɛ ase wɔ nna kakraa bi kosi dapɛn biako anaa abien ntam.

• Akisikuru: Akisikuru yɛ ade titiriw a ɛde ɔfe ba nnipa pii mu, titiriw mmofra nkumaa. Sɛ wowɔ ayamtu a, wo mframa kwan no hohoro, ɛyɛ teateaa, na nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ ahyɛ mu ma. Eyi ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome na ɛma ɔfe. Wɔ mmofra binom fam no, ebia ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa nkutoo ne sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔwɔ ayamtu. Saa ɔfe yi betumi ayɛ kɛse, titiriw anadwo anaa bere a wɔreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ.

• Nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew ne nneɛma a ɛhyɛ abufuw: Nnipa binom ho nyɛ wɔn den wɔ nneɛma te sɛ mfutuma, nsu mu nsu, ne mmoa a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu ho, na ɛno nso betumi ama wɔafefe. Saa ara na nneɛma te sɛ sigaret wusiw, hua a ano yɛ den, ne mframa a wɔsɛe no nso betumi ahyɛ mframa kwan no abufuw na ama obi akɔfe.

• Ahurututu mu yare (Ahurututu mu yare): .Eyi ne bere a mframa kwan titiriw (bronchi) a ɛkɔ ahurututu no mu no nya ɔyare mmoawa na ɛho ahonhon. Mpɛn pii no, mmoawa bi na ɛde ahurututu mu yare a emu yɛ den ba na ebetumi aba bere a obi anya atiridii akyi. Ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den kɛse na ɛtaa ba wɔ wɔn a wɔnom sigaret no mu.

• Ahurututu mu yare: Eyi yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛka ahurututu no. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no betumi ayɛ ɔfe, atiridiinini, ɔhome a ɛyɛ den , ne koko mu yaw. Ahurututu mu yare yɛ tebea a akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo hu.

• Sinusitis ne Postnosal Drip: Sinusis yɛ yɛn anim a ɛyɛ ntokuru. Sinusitis ba bere a eyinom nya ɔyare no. Afei nsuo fi ase kɔ menewa no akyi (Postnasal Drip). Eyi nso betumi ama obi afe, titiriw anadwo.

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Wɔ nnipa binom fam no, yafunu mu acid betumi aba aduan mu na ahyɛ menewa no abufuw. Eyi nso betumi ama ɔfe a ɛyɛ kusuu aba, titiriw bere a wadidi akyi bere tiaa bi anaa bere a ɔda fam no.

• Nnuru bi: Nnuru bi a wɔde sa mogya mmoroso (te sɛ nnuru a esiw ACE ano) betumi ama ɔfe a ɛyɛ dry sɛ nea efi mu ba. Sɛ worenom nnuru biara a, sɛ wunya ɔfe foforo a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo .

• Nneɛma afoforo a ɛde ba: Nea ɛka eyi ho no, wɔ tebea horow a ɛntaa nsi mu no, tebea horow a emu yɛ den te sɛ nsamanwaw (TB) ne ahurututu mu kokoram nso betumi de ɔfe a enni sabea aba . Nanso, eyinom ho yɛ na koraa, enti mma ɛnhaw wo wɔ saa nneɛma yi ho esiane sɛ wofefe bere nyinaa nti. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa a ɛnkɔ a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Sɛnea wunim no, ɔfe nso yɛ COVID-19 ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw.

So ɔfe ahorow ahorow wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, wobetumi akyekyɛ ɔfe mu wɔ akwan horow so. Saa nkyekyɛmu yi nso boa nnuruyɛfo ma wohu nea ɛde ba.

Dry Cough vs Ɔfe a Ɛsow/Ɔfe a Ɛyɛ Nsu

• Dry cough : Ɔfe a ɛte sɛɛ mma nsunsu mma. Ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ akisikuru wɔ menewam. Mpɛn pii no, ɔfe a ɛte sɛɛ betumi aba wɔ ɔyare mmoawa, ayamtu, GERD, ne nnuru bi mfiase.
• Mucus cough: Wɔ eyi mu no, mucus na ɛba bere a obi refefe no. Kɔla (fitaa, kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono) ne nsu a ɛwɔ mu no mu duru betumi ama wɔanya adwene bi wɔ sɛnea ɔyare mmoawa no te ho. Wohu mucus cough wɔ tebea horow te sɛ `(Bronchitis)` ne `(Pneumonia)` mu.

Ɔfe a Ɛyɛ Hu vs Ɔfe a Enni Bere

• Ɔfe a ɛba mpofirim (`(Afe a ɛyɛ hu)`):Eyi yɛ ɔfe a ɛtaa nnu adapɛn 3. Ɛtaa fi nneɛma te sɛ atiridiinini, atiridiinini, ne `(Acute Bronchitis)`.
• Ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa (`(Chronic Cough)`): Eyi ne din a yɛde ma ɔfe a ɛtra hɔ bɛboro adapɛn 8. Nneɛma pii betumi de eyi aba. Asthma , `(GERD)`, `(Ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea)`, `(Postnasal Drip)` ne nea ɛho hia titiriw. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ɔfe tumi kɔ so sɛ nneɛma pii a ɛde ba bom mpo a.

Anadwo Ɔfe

Ɔfe bi haw no kɛse anadwo sen awiabere. Ebia nnipa a wɔwɔ ayamtu, GERD, ne hwene akyi nsu a ɛtɔ no bɛfefe kɛse anadwo.

Ɔfe a apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ de ba

Nnipa binom, titiriw wɔn a wɔwɔ ayamtu no, betumi anya ɔfe bere a wɔreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ anaasɛ wɔawie no. Ebia eyi fi tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction''.

Momma yɛnhwɛ yiye kakra wɔ ɔfe a ɛba mmofra nkumaa mu no ho.

Ɛtaa ba paa sɛ mmofra nkumaa nya ɔfe. Wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no da so ara nyin, enti wɔtaa nya atiridiinini, atiridiinini, ne ɔfe.

Ɛyɛ awosu sɛ awofo bɛhaw wɔn ho bere a abofra kumaa kɔfe. Nanso ɛnyɛ ɔfe biara na ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro.

Nanso, mmere bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ yiye kakra wɔ ɔfe a ɛba mmofra nkumaa mu no ho:

• Akisikuru: Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, ayamtu betumi ayɛ ade titiriw a ɛde ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa ba mmofra mu. Hwɛ yiye wɔ ɔfe a ɛyɛ den anadwo ne ɔfe a ɛba bere a woredi agoru no ho.
• Whooping cough (Pertussis): Eyi yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a asiane wom. Ɛma ɔfe ntɛmntɛm araa ma wuntumi nhome mpo, na awiei koraa no wode "whoop" nnyigyei home fi mu. Vaccine bi wɔ hɔ ma eyi, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛfa no yiye.
• Croup: Eyi yɛ tebea a mframa kwan a ɛwɔ soro no hohoro, na ɛde ɔfe a ɛyɛ hu ba. Ebia nnyigyei a ɛyɛ abɛn (stridor) bɛba bere a wɔrehome no.
• Menewa: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ wɔn anom nti, mmofra nkumaa tumi nya biribi kyere wɔn mframa kwan mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw eyi nso ho sɛ wonya ɔfe a emu yɛ den mpofirim anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhome a.

Sɛ wo ba no ɔfe ano ntew nna kakraa bi mu, sɛ ɛyɛ den ma no sɛ ɔbɛhome, sɛ ɔwɔ atiridiinini, sɛ onnnidi yiye, sɛ ɔyɛ ɔbrɛ na onnni agoru a, ɛnde akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ fa no kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Dɛn ne ofie nnuru a wɔde sa ɔfe?

Ɛho nhia sɛ wutu mmirika kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn wɔ ɔfe biara ho. Sɛ wopɛ ɔfe a ɛnyɛ den a, nneɛma kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ wɔ fie.

• Nom nsu pii: Sɛ wonom nsu pii te sɛ nsu a ɛyɛ hyew ne soup a, ɛbɛma wo menewa ayɛ nwini na aboa ma nsu a ɛwɔ wo menewam no ayɛ mmerɛw, na ama ayɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubepue.
• Ɛwoɔ:Wobetumi ama mmofra a wɔadi boro afe biako ne mpanyimfo ɛwo teaspoon biako. Ɛwo brɛ menewam yaw ase na ɛma ɔfe dwo. Nanso, mma nkokoaa a wonnii afe biako ɛwo.
• Nsuonwini a Wɔhome: Nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a wɔhome a efi nsu a ɛyɛ hyew toa mu no betumi aboa ma mframa kwan no ayɛ nwini na ama nsu a ɛyɛ hyew no ayɛ mmerɛw. Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye paa bere a worehome nsu a ɛyɛ hyew ama mmofra nkumaa no, efisɛ ebetumi ahyew wɔn. Ɛyɛ papa nso sɛ wobɛdan nsu a ɛyɛ hyew tap a ɛwɔ aguaree hɔ no na woatra nsu a ɛyɛ hyew no mu kakra.
• Twe wo ho fi wusiw ne nneɛma a ɛhyɛ abufuw ho: Kwati mmeae a sigaret wusiw wɔ. Fa vacuum gu wo fie mu yiye. Tew ``(Air fresheners)`` a ɛyɛ huam a ano yɛ den ne nneɛma a ɛyɛ huam a wɔde di dwuma no so.
• Ahomegye: Nipadua no a wobɛhome no ye ma yare biara.
• Fa nkyene nsu gu wo ho: Sɛ wo menewa mu yɛ wo yaw a, sɛ wode nkyene nsu a ɛyɛ hyew gu wo ho a, ebetumi ama wo ho atɔ wo.
• Afe a wɔtɔn a wɔmfa nnuru nhyɛ mu (OTC ɔfe aduru): Bere a eyinom betumi ama ɔfe bi anya ahotɔ bere tiaa bi no, ɛnyɛ adwuma mma ɔfe nyinaa. Nnuru a wɔde fa ɔfe bi mfata mma mmofra nkumaa. Ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ nea ɛde ɔfe no ba na woasa. Enti bere nyinaa kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ansa na woanom nnuru.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohaw wo ho wɔ ɔfe ho? Bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn!

Ɛwom sɛ ɔfe dodow no ara brɛ ase wɔ nna kakraa bi mu de, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu. Hwɛ yie wɔ saa "frankaa kɔkɔɔ sɛnkyerɛnne" yi ho:

• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den anaa ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa.
• Sɛ woyɛ nnyigyei a ɛyɛ hu bere a worehome a.
• Sɛ wowɔ koko mu yaw a emu yɛ den a .
• Sɛ wofe mogya a nsu wom a .
• Atiridiinini a emu yɛ den (e.g., ɛboro 102°F / 38.9°C) a ɛtra hɔ nna pii, anaasɛ atiridii a ɛnkɔ fam.
• Atiridiinini a ɛsan ba bio.
• Sɛ wo mu duru so tew mpofirim wɔ ɔkwan a wuntumi nsusuw ho so a.
• Sɛ ɔfe no wɔ hɔ bɛboro adapɛn 3-4 na ɛreyɛ kɛse da biara da a.
• Sɛ ɛyɛ abofra ketewa, sɛ wɔpow sɛ wobedidi anaa wɔbɛnom, sɛ wonni agoru na wɔn adwene mu yɛ wɔn naa, sɛ wɔda dodo a .
• Sɛ ɛte sɛ nea anofafa anaa anim no redan bruu (`(Cyanosis)`).
• Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara sɛ woyɛ obi a ne mfe akɔ anim anaa obi a ɔwɔ nyarewa afoforo a enni sabea (e.g., asikreyare, komayare) nya ɔfe a.

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi a, nsɛe bere nkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu nea ɛde ɔfe ba?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, obedi kan abisa wo nsɛm kakraa bi.

• Bere bɛn na ɔfe no fii ase?
• So ɛyɛ ɔfe a ɛyɛ nwunu anaasɛ ɔfe a ɛyɛ fĩ? Kɔla bɛn na ɛyɛ phlegm?
• So wofe pii anadwo anaa awia?
• So sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo bi wɔ hɔ (atiridiinini, atiridiinini, koko mu yaw)?
• So wonom sigaret?
• So wonom nnuru ma nyarewa foforo biara?
• So obi foforo bi wɔ fie a ɔfe?

Afei oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo, titiriw no ɔde afiri a wɔde tie asɛm (`(Auscultation)`) betie wo moma so.

Mpɛn pii no, saa nsɛm yi ne nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi betumi aboa ma woahu nea ɛde wo ɔfe no ba. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ foforo. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Chest X-ray: Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobehu tebea horow te sɛ ahurututu mu yare ne nsamanwaw.
• Ɔhome dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu (Spirometry): Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobehu tebea horow te sɛ ayamtu.
• Ebia mogya mu nhwehwɛmu, ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu.

Ɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi akyi nkutoo na oduruyɛfo no bɛkyerɛw aduru a ɛfata sen biara ama wo ɔfe.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Yɛaka ɔfe ho asɛm pii nnɛ. Nea etwa to no, kae nneɛma yi:

• Ɔfe nyɛ yare, na mmom ɛyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne. Ɛyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ biribi asɛe wɔ nipadua no mu.
• Mpɛn pii no, ɔfe fi nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den (te sɛ atiridii) na ɛba awiei wɔ nna kakraa bi mu.
• Mmu w'ani ngu ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa, anaasɛ ɔfe a "frankaa kɔkɔɔ" sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no so da. Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.
• Sɛ wokwati sigaretnom na wotwe wo ho fi nneɛma a ɛhyɛ abufuw te sɛ mfutuma ne wusiw ho a, ebetumi aboa ma ɔfe so atew.
• Nyansa wom sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ afotu afi oduruyɛfo hɔ na woahwehwɛ ayaresa sen sɛ wobɛtɔ ɔfe aduru afi nnurutɔnbea kɛkɛ.

Sɛ wowɔ ɔfe a ɛhaw wo a, nsuro sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn akɔhwehwɛ nea ɛde ba na woanya ayaresa a ɛfata. Afei wubetumi ho atɔ wo ntɛm!

` Ɔfe, Nsu, Akisikuru, Atiridii, Ahurututu mu Yare, Ahurututu mu Yare, GERD