Ɛnnɛ wo ho te sɛn? Yɛrebɛka biribi a ɛho hia wɔ w’ahurututu ho ho nkɔmmɔ. So wo duruyɛfo akamfo ‘ahurututu mu dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu’ akyerɛ pɛn? Anaasɛ ebia woanya ahome a ɛyɛ den bere nyinaa anaasɛ ɔfe a ɛhaw wo? Sɛ saa a, saa nkɔmmɔbɔ yi ho hia wo paa. Momma yɛnkyekyɛ nea sɔhwɛ yi yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, nea enti a wɔyɛ, ne sɛnea wɔyɛ no, wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu.
Nea edi kan no, dɛn ne yɛn ahurututu?
Ansa na yɛbɛkɔ sɔhwɛ ahorow no mu no, momma yɛmfa bere tiaa bi nte nea w’ahurututu yɛ ne adwuma a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛyɛ ma wo nipadua no ase.Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, w’ahurututu yɛ akwaa abien a ɛte sɛ sponge a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛwɔ wo moma so afã abien no nyinaa. Sɛ wohome a, w’ahurututu yɛ adwuma sɛ ɔpon no, gye mframa pa no fi mframa mu na ɛde kɔ wo mogya mu. Bere koro no ara mu no, wɔyɛ adwuma a ɛho hia a ɛne sɛ wobeyi carbon dioxide a wɔsɛe no afi wo nipadua mu no. Sɛnea nhaban ma dua nya nkwa no, saa ara na w’ahurututu ma nkwa home a ɛho hia ma wo. So ntease wɔ saa asɛm no mu?
Enti, dɛn ankasa ne Lung Function Tests?
Momma yɛnhwɛ Lung Function Tests (LFTs), a ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ no Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) no yiye. Ne titiriw no, nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi kyerɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye—titiriw no, sɛnea wubetumi ahome mframa na woahom no yiye na ahotɔ wom. Fa no sɛ ɛyɛ ‘tune-up’ a wɔde hwehwɛ w’ahurututu mu; sɛnea mfiridwumayɛfo hwɛ sɛnea engine bi yɛ adwuma yiye no, saa ara na nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ma wo duruyɛfo no hu w’ahurututu mu akwahosan a wowɔ mprempren no pefee.
Dɛn nti na wo duruyɛfo akamfo nhwehwɛmu yi akyerɛ?
Ebia woresusuw nea enti a wo Nirogi Lanka duruyɛfo ahyɛ sɛ wɔmfa nhwehwɛmu yi nyɛe no ho. Nneɛma atitiriw pii nti na wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi:
- Ɔhome mu nsɛnnennen a wobɛhwehwɛ mu: Sɛ wofa ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa, wo home yɛ tiaa, wobrɛ bere a woreyɛ adwuma a emu nyɛ den (te sɛ antweri a woreforo), anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wo koko mu ayɛ wo den na wo ho ayɛ wo yaw a, nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi boa ma wuhu nea ɛde ba.
- Ahurututu mu tebea horow a wobehu: Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ho hia na ama wɔatumi asi tebea horow a enni sabea te sɛ Asthma , COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) —a mpɛn pii no ɛne sigaretnom wɔ abusuabɔ—ne Pulmonary Fibrosis .
- Hwɛ sɛnea yare no kɔ so: Sɛ woahu sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare bi dedaw a, wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi bere ne bere mu de hwɛ hu sɛ w’ayaresa nhyehyɛe no reyɛ adwuma yiye na wɔahwɛ sɛ wo tebea no gyina hɔ pintinn, ɛretu mpɔn, anaasɛ ɛresɛe anaa.
- Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn: Ansa na wɔbɛyɛ oprehyɛn akɛse no, nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi boa yɛn ma yɛhwɛ sɛ ebia w’ahurututu mu yɛ den sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ebetumi agyina oprehyɛn no mu adwennwen ne nea efi nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu ba no ano anaa.
- Adwuma mu nneɛma a ɛsɛe ade a yɛbɛhwehwɛ: Sɛ w’adwuma no fa mfutuma, nnuru, anaa nneɛma te sɛ asbestos a wode wo ho bɛhyɛ mu daa (sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ fagude anaa nnuruyɛ mu) ho a, yɛde sɔhwɛ ahorow yi hwehwɛ sɛ ebia ahurututu mu asɛe bere tenten anaa.
Dɛn ne Ahurututu mu Dwumadi Ho Sɔhwɛ a wɔtaa yɛ?
LFT ahorow pii wɔ hɔ, nanso nea abu so sen biara—na mpɛn pii no ade a edi kan—ne Spirometry .
Dɛn ne Spirometry?
Spirometry yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ tẽẽ a ɛnyɛ nea wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu. Wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa w’anofafa to ano aduru bi a wɔde abɔ afiri bi a wɔfrɛ no Spirometer ho . Sɛ wohome denneennen wie a, wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa ahoɔden na yi mframa koraa sɛnea wubetumi —fa no sɛ worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛbɔ kyɛnere a ɛwɔ awodadi keeki so no nyinaa wɔ ahome biako mu.
Saa sɔhwɛ yi susuw gyinapɛn atitiriw abien titiriw:
1. FVC (Forced Vital Capacity): Eyi kyerɛ mframa dodow a wubetumi ahome denneennen bere a woahome denneennen awie no nyinaa.
2. FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second): Eyi kyerɛ mframa dodow a wubetumi ahome wɔ saa home a wɔhyɛ no ma no mu sekan a edi kan no mu.
Ɛdenam saa gyinapɛn ahorow yi mu nhwehwɛmu so no, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahu sɛnea w’ahurututu no te apɔw ne sɛ ebia akwanside ahorow bi wɔ wo mframa kwan mu (te sɛ nea ayamtu anaa COPD de ba). Sɛ nhwɛso no, obi a ɔwɔ ayamtu betumi ada FEV1 dodow a ɛba fam adi sɛ wɔde toto obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden ho a.
Ebia wunim Peak Flow Meter nso yiye . Eyi yɛ adwinnade ketewaa bi a wotumi fa so a ayarefo a wɔwɔ ayamtu taa de di dwuma wɔ fie de hwɛ wɔn ahurututu dwumadi so wɔ wɔn ankasa mu. Ɛde nnyinasosɛm a ɛte saa ara a ɛfa ahoɔden a wɔhome ho na ɛyɛ adwuma.
So sɔhwɛ ahorow afoforo wɔ hɔ?
Yiw, bere a spirometry abu so no, nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde hu yare no mu kɔ akyiri, a sɛ ɛho hia a, wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ:
- Ahurututu mu Nneyɛ Ho Sɔhwɛ: Eyinom ma wosusuw w’ahurututu mu ahoɔden ho pɛpɛɛpɛ, te sɛ mframa dodow a w’ahurututu betumi akura mu nyinaa (Total Lung Capacity) ne mframa a aka wɔ ahome a ɛfata akyi (Residual Volume). Mpɛn pii no, eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔtra ɔdan ketewaa bi a wɔde ahwehwɛ afasu ayɛ a wɔfrɛ no Body Plethysmograph mu.
- Gas Diffusion Tests (DLCO): Saa sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia yi susuw sɛnea oxygen fi w’ahurututu mu mframa kotoku (alveoli) mu kɔ wo mogya mu yiye, na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu ma mframa a ɛsesa no yɛ mmerɛw yiye.
- Koma ne ahurututu mu apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ mu sɔhwɛ ahorow: Sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wo duruyɛfo hwɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu, koma, ne mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua mu no yɛ wɔn ade wɔ nipadua mu nhyɛso ase a, wobetumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a emu nyɛ den (te sɛ nea wode nantew wɔ afiri a wɔde tu mmirika so anaa sakre a egyina hɔ a wode bedi dwuma) bere a woreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ wusiesie wo ho ma sɔhwɛ no?
Ahosiesie yɛ ade titiriw a ɛbɛma woanya nea efi mu ba a edi mu. Wo duruyɛfo anaa ayaresabea adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ Nirogi Lanka no de akwankyerɛ a emu da hɔ bɛma wo, a mpɛn pii no nea edidi so yi ka ho:
- Nnuru mu nsakrae: Sɛ wode nnuru a wɔde home di dwuma ma ayamtu anaa nnuru afoforo te sɛ ahurututu mu ntini a ɛtrɛw di dwuma de boa ma wohome a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ gyae nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi (mpɛn pii no nnɔnhwerew 4–6 anaa 12) ansa na woayɛ nhwehwɛmu no. Nanso, yɛsrɛ sɛ kae sɛ: nnyae anaa nnsesa wo nnuru no biara a wo duruyɛfo mfa akwankyerɛ a emu da hɔ mma.
- Kwati sigaretnom: Ɛsɛ sɛ wokwati sigaretnom koraa da a wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu no, na anyɛ yiye koraa no, anyɛ yiye koraa no, nnɔnhwerew abien ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn no.
- Kwati nnuan akɛse:Nni aduan kɛse bere tiaa bi ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no. Yafunu a ɛyɛ ma no betumi asiw w’ahurututu no kwan sɛ ɛbɛtrɛw koraa, na ama ayɛ den sɛ wobɛhome denneennen.
- Hyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ fɛ: Kwati ntade a ɛyɛ den na ɛhyɛ wo moma so anaa w’asen. Mmom no, hyɛ ntade a ɛnyɛ den na ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛma wutumi home yiye.
- Caffeine ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ: Wobetumi atu wo fo sɛ kwati caffeine (a wohu wɔ tii, kɔfe, ne nea ɛkeka ho mu) ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a emu yɛ den nnɔnhwerew pii ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no.
Bio nso, sɛ worehyia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ atiridiinini, atiridiinini, anaa ɔfe da a wɔayɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu no a, yɛsrɛ wo ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo anaa beae a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu no ntɛm ara. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wotwe bere a woahyɛ no da koro anaa nnanu.
Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ Spirometry sɔhwɛ no?
Momma yɛnantew nea ɛkɔ so ankasa bere a wɔreyɛ spirometry sɔhwɛ no mu. Yɛsrɛ sɛ nya awerɛhyem —biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wusuro. Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛnyɛ nea wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu, a ɛnyɛ yaw.
1. Wobɛtra akongua so yiye.
2. Wɔde hwene a ɛyɛ mmerɛw bɛhyɛ wo hwene so. Eyi hwɛ hu sɛ w’ano nkutoo na wobɛhome, na ɛmma mframa ntumi mfi wo hwene mu bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no.
3. Mfiridwumayɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo no bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa w’anofafa no ntwa spirometer no ano ho hyia denneennen na ama woanya nsɔano a ɛyɛ den, na woahwɛ ahu sɛ mframa biara rentu mfi mu.
4. Mfiase no, wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ home sɛnea ɛsɛ wɔ ahome kakraa bi.
5. Afei ɔfã a ɛho hia sen biara no ba: Mfiridwuma ho nimdefo no bɛkyerɛ wo sɛ: “Gwe ahome, hyɛ w’ahurututu ma sɛnea wubetumi biara!” Sɛ woyɛ saa wie a, wɔbɛka sɛ, “Afei, bɔ mframa denneennen, ntɛmntɛm, ne bere tenten biara a wubetumi! Kɔ so bɔ, kɔ so bɔ kosi sɛ w’ahurututu bɛda mpan koraa!”
Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ nea worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛbɔ kyɛnere a ɛwɔ awodadi keeki so no nyinaa prɛko pɛ, anaasɛ worehyɛ balloon kɛse bi ma prɛko pɛ. Ɛsɛ sɛ wode wo mmɔdenbɔ a wubetumi biara ma no. Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ woabrɛ kakra, anaasɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a wo ti ho ayɛ hare kakra, nanso eyi yɛ ade a ɛfata koraa.
6. Wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ san yɛ saa adeyɛ yi mpɛn pii (mpɛn pii no anyɛ yiye koraa no, wɔbɔ mmɔden mprɛnsa a edi mu sɛ wobɛhwɛ ahu sɛ ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ). Wubenya bere agye w’ahome wɔ mmɔden biara a wobɛbɔ no ntam.
7. Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wɔ sɔhwɛ a edi kan no akyi no, wobetumi ama wo aduru a ɛma ahurututu mu trɛw (mpɛn pii no ɛnam afiri a wɔde home so). Wobɛtwɛn simma 10–20 na afei woasan ayɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so bɔ no bio. Wonim eyi sɛ ‘Post-Bronchodilator Spirometry’. Ɛboa ma wuhu sɛnea wo mframa kwan no yɛ n’ade wɔ aduru no ho. Eyi ho hia na ama wɔahu tebea horow te sɛ ayamtu.
Mpɛn pii no, sɔhwɛ no nyinaa gye simma 30 kosi 45. Mfiridwumayɛfo no bɛkyerɛ wo kwan wɔ anammɔn biara a wobɛtu mu. Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ wɔ bere biara mu a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛka akyerɛ wɔn.
Dɛn na nea afi sɔhwɛ yi mu aba no betumi akyerɛ yɛn?
Sɛ wowie sɔhwɛ no a, wo duruyɛfo no bɛhwehwɛ data (te sɛ FVC ne FEV1 gyinapɛn ahorow) ne mfonini ahorow no mu de akyerɛkyerɛ nea efi mu ba no mu akyerɛ wo. Nea afi mu aba yi ma yenya nhumu a ɛho hia:
- Ahurututu mu tebea horow a wobehu: Wɔboa ma wohu sɛ ebia wowɔ tebea horow te sɛ ayamtu, COPD, ahurututu mu ntini mu yare, anaa ahurututu mu yare.
- Yare no mu den a wɔbɛhwehwɛ: Sɛ tebea bi wɔ hɔ a, saa gyinapɛn ahorow yi boa ma wɔkyekyɛ ne mu den mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛnyɛ den, ɛyɛ mmerɛw, anaa emu yɛ den).
- Tebea no a wɔkyekyɛ mu (Obstructive vs. Restrictive): Wɔakyekyɛ ahurututu mu tebea horow mu kɛse ayɛ no nyarewa a ‘ɛsiw kwan’ (baabi a mframa kwan no mu yɛ teateaa, te sɛ ayamtu anaa COPD) ne nyarewa a ‘asiw ano’ (baabi a ahurututu ntumi ntrɛw koraa, te sɛ ahurututu mu ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw). Spirometry boa ma wohu nsonsonoe a ɛda saa ahorow yi ntam.
- Hwɛ sɛnea ayaresa no tu mpɔn: Sɛ woreyɛ ayaresa dedaw a, wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi bere ne bere mu de hwɛ sɛ w’ahurututu mu dwumadi retu mpɔn anaasɛ ɛreyɛ den anaa.
Wo duruyɛfo renhwɛ nea afi mu aba yi wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ soronko so na mmom ɔde bɛtoto wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm, ne nhwehwɛmu afoforo a wɔde hu sɛ wubehu (te sɛ wo koko X-ray) ho. Enti, sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi anaasɛ wuhu sɛ nea efi mu ba no fã bi mu nna hɔ a, yɛsrɛ wo ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo —hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛte w’akwahosan tebea ase yiye.
So asiane anaa ɔhaw ahorow bi wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu?
Wobu spirometry sɛ adeyɛ a ahobammɔ wom kɛse. Asiane a anibere wom ho yɛ na koraa.
Nanso, ankorankoro binom betumi anya ɔhaw nketenkete wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu anaasɛ ɛno akyi pɛɛ:
- Ɔbrɛ anaa adwenemhaw: Ɔhome a wɔhyɛ obi ma ɔhome no betumi ayɛ ɔbrɛ, na ebia nnipa binom bɛte nka sɛ wɔn ti ho yɛ hare bere tiaa bi, na mpɛn pii no ɛno ankasa siesie wɔ simma kakraa bi mu.
- Ɔfe: Sɛ obi home denneennen na ɔhome denneennen a, ebetumi ama ankorankoro binom afe.
- Koko a ɛyɛ den: Wɔ mmere a ɛntaa nsi mu no, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo koko mu ayɛ wo den kakra.
- Tiyɛ: Ɛntaa mma sɛ nnipa binom benya tiyɛ kakra wɔ nhwehwɛmu no akyi.
Nanso, sɛ nnansa yi ara woanya komayare, wɔayɛ wo koko oprehyɛn kɛse, wɔayɛ w’ani oprehyɛn a ɛho hia (te sɛ woyi aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw), wo mogya mmoroso a wontumi nni so, anaasɛ woanya tebea bi te sɛ ahurututu a abubu (pneumothorax) a, wo duruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ yiye sɛ ebia nhwehwɛmu yi fata wo anaa. Ɛho hia sɛ wode w’akwahosan tebea mprempren ne nnuru biara a wonom ho abakɔsɛm a edi mũ na ɛyɛ nokware ma wo duruyɛfo.
Nsɛntitiriw a wode bɛkɔ fie a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae
Yɛaka nsɛm pii a ɛfa Lung Function Tests ho asɛm, titiriw Spirometry. Mewɔ anidaso sɛ afei de moanya ntease a emu da hɔ wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no ho. Nsɛntitiriw a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wode sie w’adwenem ni:
- Ahurututu mu dwumadi ho sɔhwɛ ahorow ne aɔkwan a ɛsom bo kɛse, ɛnyɛ den, ɛnyɛ yaw, na ahobammɔ wom a wobɛfa so ahwɛ w’ahurututu akwahosan na woahu sɛnea ɛreyɛ adwuma yiye.
- Sɛ worehyia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkɔ so daa te sɛ ɔfe a enni sabea, ahurututu, ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa, anaa wo koko a ɛyɛ den a, ntwɛn mma wɔn ankasa nsiesie; kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Sɛ wohu sɛ ɛho hia a, wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi akyerɛ wo.
- Spirometry ne sɔhwɛ a wɔtaa yɛ na ɛma nsɛm pii wɔ saa ɔfã yi mu. Ansa na wobɛkɔ akɔhwɛ no, hwɛ hu sɛ wubedi wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ a ɛfa nnuru ne aduan ho anohyeto ahorow ho no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.
- Ɛho nhia sɛ wohaw wo ho bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no. Yɛn mfiridwumayɛfo a wɔn ho akokwaw wɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ wo kwan na wɔaboa wo wɔ adeyɛ no nyinaa mu —yɛ nea wubetumi biara sɛ wubedi wɔn akwankyerɛ akyi kɛkɛ.
- Sɛ wonya wo nhwehwɛmu no mu aba wie a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw ho yiye. Bisa nsɛm biara a ebia ɛsɛ sɛ wunya na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ wobɛte nea afi mu aba ne anammɔn a edi hɔ no ase yiye.
W’ahurututu yɛ agyapade a ɛsom bo a ɛma w’asetra kɔ so tra hɔ. Wɔn akwahosan a wɔde bedi kan, nneɛma a wɔbɛyɛ ntɛm, ne nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia a wɔbɛyɛ bere a ɛho hia no ho hia. Nirogi Lanka pɛ wo nkwa nna nyinaa akwahosan ne yiyedi!
` Ahurututu Dwumadi Sɔhwɛ, Spirometry, Akisikuru, COPD, Ɔhome, Ahurututu Akwahosan
