Wo ho te sɛn? Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka biribi a ɛho hia paa wɔ yɛn ahurututu ho asɛm. So wo duruyɛfo aka wo pɛn sɛ yɛ ‘ahurututu mu dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu’? Anaasɛ mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ den ma wo kakra sɛ wobɛhome, te sɛ ɔfe? Afei saa asɛm yi bɛyɛ nea ɛho hia wo paa. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea sɔhwɛ yi yɛ, nea enti a wɔyɛ no, ne sɛnea wɔyɛ no tiawa.

Nea edi kan koraa no, dɛn ne yɛn ahurututu?

Okay, ansa na yɛbɛka sɔhwɛ ahorow yi ho asɛm no, momma yɛnkae yɛn ho nea yɛn ahurututu yɛ ne ɔsom kɛse a ɛde ma yɛn nipadua. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ahurututu yɛ akwaa abien a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛte sɛ ɔpon a ɛwɔ yɛn moma so no afã abien no nyinaa. Sɛ yɛhome a, saa ahurututu yi gye mframa pa a efi nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu no na ɛde ka yɛn mogya ho. Afei nso, saa ahurututu yi yɛ adwuma kɛse de yi mframa bɔne a yɛmpɛ a ɛboaboa ano wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no san fi adi. Sɛnea dua nhaban ma dua no nyinaa nya nkwa no, saa ara na yɛn ahurututu nso ma yɛn nkwa home. So wote ase?

Enti, dɛn ne ahurututu mu dwumadi ho sɔhwɛ ahorow yi?

Okay, enti afei momma yɛnhwɛ deɛ wɔfrɛ saa ahurututu mu dwumadie sɔhwɛ yi `Lung Function Tests - LFTs` anaa ɛtɔ da bi a `Pulmonary Function Tests - PFTs`. Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi titiriw na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye, sɛnea wubetumi ahome yiye na ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome na woafi mu. Fa no sɛ ɛyɛ kar engine `tune-up` de hwɛ sɛnea ɛreyɛ adwuma yiye, saa sɔhwɛ yi ma yɛn nnuruyɛfo nya adwene pa wɔ `tebea` a ɛwɔ w'ahurututu mu no ho.

Dɛn nti na oduruyɛfo bi bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛte sɛɛ?

Seesei ebia woredwene sɛ, "Dɛn nti na wɔ asase so no me duruyɛfoɔ bɛka akyerɛ me sɛ menyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ yei?" Nokwarem no, nneɛma pii betumi ama eyi aba. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ:

• Hwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome: So wofefe bere nyinaa? So wowɔ hwene a ɛretu? So wote nka sɛ wo home yɛ wo yaw bere a woreforo antweri kakraa bi mpo no? Anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wo moma so ayɛ wo yaw anaasɛ woreyɛ nnyigyei a ɛyɛ hu bere a worehome no? Sɛ saa a, sɔhwɛ ahorow yi betumi aboa wo ma woahu nea ɛde ba ankasa .
• Hu ahurututu mu nyarewa: Nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛka ahurututu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ayamtu , COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) (eyi yɛ ahurututu mu yare a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a ɛtaa ba wɔ wɔn a wɔnom sigaret mu), ne ahurututu mu ntini mu yare (Pulmonary Fibrosis) boa kɛse ma wosi , kyerɛ sɛ, wohu, nyarewa te sɛ eyinom.
• Hwɛ sɛnea yare bi te: Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare dedaw (e.g. ayamtu) a, so mprempren wɔatumi adi saa yare no so na nnuru a wonom no reyɛ adwuma yiye?Wɔyɛ saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi nso bere ne bere mu de hwɛ sɛ ebia tebea no retu mpɔn anaasɛ ɛresɛe.
• Ansa na wobɛyɛ oprehyɛn kɛse: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ansa na wɔbɛyɛ wo oprehyɛn kɛse no, wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi nso de hwɛ sɛ ebia w’ahurututu betumi agyina oprehyɛn ne aduru a wɔde kum wo yare no ano anaa.
• Hwɛ sɛ ahurututu mu asɛe anaa: Nnipa bi wɔ hɔ a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ nnwuma bi a mfutuma ne nnuru a wɔde di dwuma bere nyinaa mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnipa a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ mmeae a wotu abo, adwumayɛbea ahorow a wɔyɛ asbestos, ne mmeae a wɔyɛ nnuru. Nnipa a wɔte saa ahurututu betumi asɛe bere a bere kɔ so no. Saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi nso boa ma wohu sɛ ebia ɔsɛe a ɛte saa asi anaa.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu a wɔtaa yɛ?

``Ahurututu Dwumadi Sɔhwɛ'' ahorow wɔ hɔ. Wɔn mu no, sɔhwɛ a wɔtaa yɛ ne nea edi kan a wɔyɛ ne ``Spirometry'' sɔhwɛ. Ebia wobɛkae sɛ yɛkaa eyi ho asɛm wɔ saa asɛm no mfiase.

Dɛn ne Spirometry?

Mpɛn pii no eyi ne sɔhwɛ a edi kan a wɔyɛ de hwɛ w’ahurututu mu, na ɛyɛ nea ɛnyɛ den koraa. Nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wode w’ano bɛhyɛ afiri ketewaa bi (a wɔfrɛ no spirometer) mu na woaka akyerɛ wo sɛ home denneennen, afei wohome ntɛmntɛm na bere tenten biara a wubetumi. Ɛte sɛ nea worebɔ kyɛnere a ɛwɔ awodadi keeki so no nyinaa prɛko pɛ!

Saa spirometry sɔhwɛ yi susuw nneɛma pii, na emu abien a ɛho hia sen biara ne:

1. FVC (Forced Vital Capacity): Eyi kyerɛ mframa dodow a wubetumi ahome akɔ akyiri sɛnea wubetumi wɔ ahome biako mu na afei woahome ntɛmntɛm na woahome koraa sɛnea wubetumi.

2. FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second): Eyi kyerɛ mframa dodow a wubetumi ahome wɔ sekan a edi kan no mu bere a wohome ntɛmntɛm sɛnea yɛaka wɔ atifi hɔ no.

Ɛdenam saa gyinapɛn abien yi a ɔhwɛ so, `FVC` ne `FEV1` (ne gyinapɛn afoforo kakraa bi) so no, oduruyɛfo no betumi anya adwene pa wɔ sɛnea w’ahurututu no wɔ apɔwmuden ne sɛ ebia biribi asiw anaa akwanside bi wɔ wo mframa kwan mu (te sɛ ayamtu anaa `COPD` mu). Sɛ nhwɛso no, obi a ɔwɔ `(Asthma)` betumi anya `FEV1` bo a ɛba fam sen obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden a ɔte ase.

Ebia woahu afiri ketewa bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Peak Flow Meter''. Nnipa a wɔwɔ ayamtu taa de di dwuma de hwɛ wɔn tebea wɔ fie. Ɛfa mframa a wɔbɔ nso ho. Ɛsan nso ma yenya ahurututu no dwumadi ho adwene.

So sɔhwɛ ahorow afoforo wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, sɔhwɛ titiriw afoforo wɔ hɔ a wɔde ka spirometry ho. Ɛnyɛ obiara na ohia eyinom. Sɛ oduruyɛfo no susuw sɛ ɛho hia nkutoo a na wɔyɛ.

• Ahurututu mu Nneden Ho Sɔhwɛ:Eyi betumi asusuw nneɛma te sɛ mframa dodow a w’ahurututu betumi akura ankasa (Total Lung Capacity) ne mframa dodow a aka wɔ w’ahurututu mu bere a woahome sɛnea ɛsɛ akyi (Residual Volume) no pɛpɛɛpɛ yiye. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi denam wo a wɔde wo bɛto ahwehwɛ dan ketewaa bi mu (a wɔfrɛ no nipadua plethysmograph) mu.
• Gas Diffusion Tests (DLCO): Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia yiye. Ɛsusuw sɛnea mframa pa a wohome no fa mframa kotoku nketenkete (alveoli) a ɛwɔ ahurututu no mu no mu (trɛw) kɔ mogya no mu ntɛmntɛm na ɛyɛ adwuma yiye. Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea ahurututu no resesa oxygen yiye.
• Koma ne ahurututu mu apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ mu sɔhwɛ ahorow: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi de hwɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu, koma, ne mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu no yɛ wɔn ade wɔ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ho (sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wo nantew wɔ afiri a wɔde tu mmirika so anaasɛ wotra sakre so) na wɔahwɛ sɛ wo home yɛ tiaa anaa.

So biribi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ misiesie ansa na mayɛ sɔhwɛ yi?

Yiw, ahosiesie kakra wɔ hɔ ansa na woakɔ sɔhwɛ yi. Wo duruyɛfo anaa ayaresabea a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no bɛma wo akwankyerɛ a emu da hɔ wɔ eyi ho. Mpɛn pii no, wɔka nsɛm a ɛte sɛɛ sɛ:

• Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wogyae nnuru bi kakra: Sɛ wonom nnuru a wɔde home, te sɛ nea wɔde ma ayamtu, anaa nnuru afoforo a ɛma ahurututu mu trɛw a, wobetumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ gyae nom nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi ansa na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu no (ebia nnɔnhwerew 4-6 anaa 12). Nanso kae sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wugyae wo nnuru no mu biara nom gye sɛ wo duruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo.
• Kwati sigaretnom koraa: Ɛsɛ sɛ wokwati sigaretnom koraa da a wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no ne anyɛ yiye koraa no dɔnhwerew biako anaa abien ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no.
• Nni aduan kɛse ansa na woayɛ sɔhwɛ no. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ, sɛ wo yafunu yɛ ma a, w’ahurututu no bɛtrɛw koraa, na ama ayɛ den sɛ wobɛhome denneennen.
• Mma nhyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ den na ɛtwetwe: Sɛ́ anka wobɛhyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ den a ɛma wo moma so yɛ den na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome no, hyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ fɛ.
• Nsã a caffeine wom ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ kwati sɛ wobɛnom anonne a caffeine wom, te sɛ tii ne kɔfe, na wode wo ho ahyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a emu yɛ den mu nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no.

Afei nso, sɛ wowɔ yareɛ bi te sɛ atiridiinini, atiridiinini, anaa ɔfe da a wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu no a, yɛsrɛ sɛ di kan bɔ wo duruyɛfoɔ anaa lab no amanneɛ. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔtwe sɔhwɛ no da koro anaa nnanu.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ spirometry sɔhwɛ no?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛba ankasa wɔ saa spirometry sɔhwɛ yi mu. Biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wusuro, efisɛ eyi nyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ yaw.

1. Nea edi kan no, wobɛtra akongua so yiye.

2. Afei, wɔde ade ketewaa bi (nose clip) gu wo hwene so. Wɔde asi hɔ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a sɛ wofa w’ano home a, ɔhome no mfa wo hwene mu mfi adi. Afei nea ɛsɛ sɛ wofa w’anom home na wufi mu nkutoo.

3. Afei, mfiridwumayɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo a ɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa w’anofafa to spirometer no ano denneennen sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a mframa biara rentumi mfi mu.

4. Nea edi kan no, wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ home kakraa bi sɛnea ɛsɛ.

5. Afei ɔfã a ɛho hia no ba. Mfiridwumayɛfo no bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ, "Gw ahome denneennen, hyɛ w'ahurututu ma sɛnea wubetumi biara!" Sɛ woyɛ saa wie a, ɔbɛka ntɛm ara sɛ, "Afei home ntɛmntɛm na bere tenten biara a wubetumi! Hom! Hom! Na home, kosi sɛ mframa a etwa to no befi hɔ!"

Fa no sɛ worebɔ kyɛnere pii wɔ awodadi keeki so prɛko pɛ. Anaasɛ sɛ wobɛma balloon kɛse bi ahuru wɔ ahome biako mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ no sɛnea wubetumi biara. Wobɛte nka sɛ woabrɛ kakra, ebia w’adwene betu kakra, nanso ɛno yɛ ade a ɛfata.

6. Wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ eyi mpɛn pii (mpɛn pii no anyɛ yiye koraa no mprɛnsa, ebia ɛboro saa na ama woanya nea eye sen biara). Wɔbɛma wo ahomegye bere tiaa bi wɔ bere biara ntam.

7. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wɔ sɔhwɛ yi akyi no, wɔma wo aduru a ɛtrɛw ahurututu mu (mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ nea wɔde home) na wɔka kyerɛ wo sɛ san home bio wɔ ɔkwan koro no ara so simma 10-20. Wɔfrɛ eyi Post-Bronchodilator Spirometry. Ɛsusuw sɛnea w’ahurututu ne mframa kwan no yɛ wɔn ade wɔ aduru no ho ne sɛ ebia ebue anaa. Eyi ho hia ma tebea horow te sɛ ayamtu a wobehu.

Mpɛn pii no, sɔhwɛ no nyinaa gye bɛyɛ simma 30 kosi 45. Mfiridwuma ho nimdefo a ɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no bɛkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu akyerɛ wo yiye na waboa wo. Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ a, nsuro sɛ wobɛka akyerɛ no ntɛm ara.

Dɛn na yebetumi asua afi nea afi sɔhwɛ yi mu aba no mu?

Sɛ wɔwie sɔhwɛ no a, oduruyɛfoɔ no bɛboaboa data no nyinaa ano afiri mu, te sɛ `FVC`, `FEV1` values, graphs, ne nea ɛkeka ho, na wakyerɛkyerɛ mu akyerɛ wo. Wubetumi asua nneɛma a ɛho hia pii afi nea afi mu aba yi mu:

• Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare anaasɛ wonni bi: Saa nsunsuansoɔ yi boa ma wohu sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu nyarewa ahodoɔ te sɛ `(Asthma)`, `(COPD)`, `(Pulmonary Fibrosis)`, ne `(Bronchiectasis)` anaasɛ wonni bi.
• Sɛnea yare no mu yɛ den: Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a, saa gyinapɛn ahorow yi boa ma wɔkyekyɛ sɛnea emu yɛ den (i.e., ɛnyɛ den, ɛyɛ mmerɛw, emu yɛ den).
• Fa yare no mu (Obstructive anaa Restrictive): .Ahurututu mu nyarewa bi mu titiriw yɛ abien. Biako ne nyarewa a `asiw kwan`. Eyi ne bere a mframa kwan (mframa kwan) no asiw. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi afrɛ ayamtu, `COPD`. Ɔfoforo no ne `restrictive` nyarewa. Eyi ne bere a ahurututu no ntumi ntrɛw koraa, kyerɛ sɛ, entumi nnyin. Sɛ nhwɛso no, `ahurututu mu ntini mu yare`. Saa spirometry sɔhwɛ yi betumi ahu tebea abien yi mu nea wowɔ.
• Sɛnea wo nipadua reyɛ n’ade wɔ ayaresa ho: Sɛ worenom nnuru a wɔde sa ahurututu mu yare bi dedaw a, wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi nso bere ne bere mu de hwɛ sɛ ebia w’ahurututu tebea no retu mpɔn anaasɛ ɛretu mpɔn wɔ saa nnuru no mu anaa.

Ɛnyɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo no de nea efi sɔhwɛ yi mu ba no bɛtoto wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, ne nhwehwɛmu afoforo a ebia wɔayɛ (e.g., wo koko X-ray) ho na ama watumi de asɛm a etwa to. Enti, sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ nea ebefi mu aba no ho a, nsuro sɛ wubebisa oduruyɛfo no, ɛmfa ho nea ɛte biara.

So nsɛnnennen anaa asiane bi wɔ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi mu?

Wɔtaa bu ahurututu mu dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi, titiriw spirometry, sɛ ahobammɔ wom kɛse. Wɔmfa asiane akɛse a emu yɛ den biara mma.

Nanso, nnipa binom betumi anya ɔhaw nketenkete wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu anaa bere a wɔayɛ no akyi:

• Sɛ wote nka sɛ woabrɛ kakra, wo ho ayɛ wo yaw: Sɛ wohome saa ahoɔhare no a, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ woabrɛ kakra, na ebinom nso betumi ate nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw kakra anaasɛ wɔn ti ayɛ hare. Eyi ankasa befi hɔ bere tiaa bi akyi.
• Ɔfe betumi aba: Ebia nnipa binom bɛfefe kakra bere a wɔrehome denneennen na wɔretwe wɔn ahome ntɛmntɛm no.
• Koko mu a ɛyɛ den kakra: Ɛntaa mma sɛ nnipa binom bɛte nka sɛ wɔn koko mu ayɛ den kakra anaasɛ ayɛ den.
• Te sɛ tiyɛ: Ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ nnipa binom betumi anya tiyɛ kakra wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi.

Nanso, sɛ nnansa yi ara woanya komayare, woayɛ wo koko oprehyɛn kɛse, wɔayɛ w’ani oprehyɛn kɛse (te sɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw oprehyɛn), mogya mmoroso a wuntumi nhyɛ so, anaasɛ woanya ahurututu mu yare nnansa yi a, wo duruyɛfo no besi gyinae sɛ ebia nhwehwɛmu yi fata anaasɛ ɛnsɛ. Enti, hwɛ hu sɛ wode w’akwahosan ne nnuru biara a wonom ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi mũ bɛma wo duruyɛfo.

Enti, awiei koraa no, nneɛma kakraa bi a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Okay, yɛaka ahurututu mu dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu ho asɛm pii, titiriw spirometry. Misusuw sɛ wowɔ eyi ho ntease pa mprempren. Nea etwa to no, nneɛma bi a ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae ni:

• Ahurututu mu dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu betumi ama woahu sɛnea w’ahurututu no te ne sɛnea ɛreyɛ adwuma yiye.Ɔkwan a ɛho hia yiye, ɛnyɛ den, ɛnyɛ yaw na ahobammɔ wom.
• Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ɔfe a ɛkɔ so, ahurututu, ahome a ɛyɛ den, anaa wo koko a ɛyɛ den a, nsusuw sɛ ɛbɛkɔ kɛkɛ, na mmom akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwehwɛ afotu. Sɛ osusuw sɛ ɛho hia a, wɔbɛhyɛ wo sɛ yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛte sɛɛ.
• Spirometry ne sɔhwɛ a wɔtaa yɛ na ɛma wonya nsɛm pii. Ansa na wobɛyɛ no, di oduruyɛfo no akwankyerɛ (a ɛfa nnuru a wubegyae, adidi, ne nea ɛkeka ho) akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.
• Nsuro biribiara bere a woreyɛ sɔhwɛ no. Mfiridwumayɛfo a wɔn ho akokwaw wɔ hɔ a wɔbɛboa wo na wɔakyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu. Yɛbɛboa wo sɛnea yebetumi biara.
• Sɛ wo nsa ka wo nhwehwɛmu no mu aba a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm yiye, bisa nsɛm biara a wowɔ, na hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛte ase yiye.

W’ahurututu yɛ agyapade a ɛsom bo a ɛma wo home nkwa. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛhwɛ wɔn, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛma wɔn apɔwmuden, na woayɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia bere a ɛho hia. Mepɛ sɛ mo akwahosan pa bere nyinaa!

` Ahurututu Dwumadi Sɔhwɛ, Spirometry, Akisikuru, COPD, Ɔhome, Ahurututu Akwahosan