So wo ba no mu duru sua wɔ awo mu? (Low Birth Weight) Momma yɛnhwɛ eyi!

So woate pɛn sɛ akokoaa a wɔawo no foforo mu duru sua? Sɛ wote nsɛm a ɛte saa a, wote ehu nka kakra na wopɛ sɛ wuhu, ɛnte saa? "Dɛn nti na ɛbaa saa? So akokoaa no ho bɛtɔ no?" Nsɛmmisa pii ba w’adwenem. Enti ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no Low Birth Weight ho asɛm . Eyi yɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ awofo pii hu.

Dɛn ne Awo mu Mu duru a Ɛba Fam?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sɛ wo ba a wɔawo no foforo no mu duru nnu gram 2500 (ɛno yɛ kilogram 2.5 anaa nkaribo 5 ne ɔuns 8) , ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no awo mu duru a ɛba fam. Eyi ne mu duru a wɔkari akokoaa no bere a wɔawo no.

Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, nkokoaa 100 biara mu bɛyɛ 80 a wɔwo wɔn wɔ bere a wɔawo wɔn bere mu (wɔ nyinsɛn adapɛn 37 kosi 41 ntam) mu duru fi gram 2,600 (kg 2.6) kosi gram 3,800 (kg 3.8).

Nanso asɛm no ni, esiane sɛ wɔwo akokoaa a ne mu duru sua wɔ awo mu nti, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛyɛ akokoaa a ne mu duru sua bere a wɔanyinyin no. Nokwarem no, nkokoaa bi a wɔn mu duru sua wɔ awo mu no wɔ apɔwmuden ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔyɛ nketewa de.

Nanso, akokoaa awo mu duru betumi aboa nnuruyɛfo ma wɔasi gyinae sɛ ebia wohia ɔhwɛ soronko wɔ awo akyi pɛɛ anaa. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ nkokoaa binom betumi anya akwahosan ho haw a emu yɛ den esiane awo mu duru a ɛba fam nti. Sɛ wo ba no sua koraa wɔ awo mu a, ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama no sɛ obedidi, ne mu duru ayɛ kɛse, na wako atia nyarewa . Nkokoaa binom nso betumi anya akwahosan ho haw a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ.

Saa tebea yi abu so dɛn?

Wɔrewo nkokoaa a wɔn mu duru sua wɔ awo mu wɔ wiase nyinaa, a yɛn man yi ka ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ United States no, wɔwoo nkokoaa 12 biara a wɔwoo wɔn wɔ afe 2021 mu no mu bɛyɛ biako a wɔn mu duru sua wɔ awo mu. Ɛno yɛ bɛyɛ 8.52% wɔ awo a wɔte ase mu. Enti eyi nyɛ nea ɛntaa nsi saa.

Dɛn ne awo mu duru a ɛba fam ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Ɛte sɛ nea nkokoaa a wɔwo wɔn a wɔn mu duru sua koraa sen nkokoaa a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden a wɔn mu duru yɛ pɛ. Afei nso, akokoaa no ti betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛsõ sen nipadua no fã a aka no. Ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea wɔyɛ teateaa nso efisɛ wɔn nipadua mu srade sua.

Dɛn na ɛma awo mu duru sua?

Nneɛma atitiriw abien na ɛma awo mu duru sua. Wɔne:

1. Awo a ɛba ntɛm

2. Awotwaa no nyin anohyeto

Awo a ɛba ntɛm

Awo a ɛba ntɛm, anaa ``Preterm birth``, yɛ bere a wɔwo wo ba ansa na nyinsɛn no dapɛn a ɛto so 37 adu . Sɛ wowo wo ntɛm a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ba no nnyaa bere a ɛdɔɔso mfa nnyin na ne mu duru nkɔ soro wɔ w’awotwaa mu. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ akokoaa mu duru yɛ kɛse wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn kakraa a etwa to no mu.

Awotwaa mu nyin anohyeto

Ade titiriw foforo a ɛde ba ne awotwaa no nyin anohyeto, anaa nea nnuruyɛfo frɛ no ``Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)''. Eyi ne bere a akokoaa ntumi nnyin na ne mu duru nkɔ soro sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ bere a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu no. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wobetumi awo akokoaa no ketewaa efisɛ awofo no sua. Eyi yɛ ade a ɛfata.

Nanso nkokoaa binom nya IUGR efisɛ biribi siw wɔn nyin kwan bere a wɔyem no. Eyi betumi afi:

• Awotwaa mu Ɔhaw ahorow: Akokoaa no nam awotwaa no so nya aduannuru ne mframa pa a ohia. Enti, sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ awotwaa no ho a, ɛbɛka akokoaa no nkɔso.
• W’akwahosan: Nyarewa bi a ɛna no nya wɔ nyinsɛn mu (e.g. mogya mmoroso, asikreyare) betumi aka akokoaa no nkɔso.
• Akokoaa no akwahosan: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, onyin betumi ayɛ basaa esiane awosu mu tebea anaa ɔyare mmoawa bi a ɛwɔ akokoaa no mu nti.

Dɛn ne asiane ahorow a ɛka eyi?

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛwo akokoaa a ne mu duru sua no yɛ kɛse. Wɔn mu bi ni:

• Nyarewa a enni sabea a wowɔ wɔ nyinsɛn mu: Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wowɔ yare a ɛkyɛ te sɛ asikreyare anaa mogya mmoroso a.
• Nyarewa a ɛba bere a nyinsɛn mu: Nyarewa bi betumi aka akokoaa no nkɔso.
• Nnuru bi a wode bedi dwuma bere a wonyinsɛn: Nnom nnuru biara wɔ saa bere yi mu a wunni oduruyɛfo afotu.
• Nneɛma te sɛ nsa ne tawa a wɔde bedi dwuma bere a wɔyem: Eyinom pira akokoaa no kɛse.
• Wo mu duru a ɛnsɛ anaasɛ wo mu duru a wonkura mu bere a wɔyem: Aduan a ɛkari pɛ a wobedi ho hia yiye.
• Nkokoaa bɛboro biako a wubenyinsɛn (Multiples): Asiane yi yɛ kɛse bere a worehwɛ mmanoma anaa mmanoma abiɛsa kwan no.
• Kɔbere anaa mframa a wɔsɛe no a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu.
• Ɛnanom a wonnii mfe 17 anaa boro mfe 35.
• Awo a ɛba ntɛm.

"Ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ saa asiane ahorow yi nyinaa na obenya akokoaa a ne mu duru sua wɔ awo mu. Afei nso, obi a onni saa nneɛma yi mu biara da so ara betumi awo akokoaa a ne mu duru sua wɔ awo mu. Enti mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wuhu eyi."

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ɛwɔ tebea yi mu?

Nkokoaa a wɔwo wɔn a wɔn mu duru sua wɔ awo mu no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya akwahosan ho haw ahorow bi. Wɔn nipadua nketewa no mu nyɛ den te sɛ nkokoaa a wɔwo wɔn a wɔn mu duru te sɛ awo no. Ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama wɔn sɛ wobedidi, wɔn mu duru ayɛ kɛse, na wɔako atia nyarewa . Afei nso, nkokoaa a wɔn mu duru sua wɔ awo mu no nipadua mu srade sua, na ɛma ɛyɛ den ma wɔn sɛ wɔbɛma wɔn ho ayɛ hyew .

Dodow a akokoaa no mu duru sua wɔ awo mu no, dodow no ara na asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obenya nsɛnnennen no yɛ kɛse. Ɔhaw ahorow yi bi a ebetumi aba ntɛm no bi ne:

• Oxygen dodow a ɛba fam wɔ awo mu.
• Nyarewa a wɔde nyarewa ba.
• Jaundice a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew.
• Ɔhome mu haw: Titiriw Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS), ɔhome mu yare a ahurututu a ennyinii na ɛde ba.
• Ntini mu haw ahorow: Sɛ nhwɛso no, mogya a ɛbɛtɔ amemene no mu (Intraventricular Hemorrhage - IVH) betumi aba.
• Digestive system haw: Tebea te sɛ ``Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)``, a ɛde ɔsɛe kɛse ba dwensɔtwaa mu ntini no so.

Asiane kɛse nso wɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ɔhaw ahorow a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ :

• Ntini ne asetra mu nkɔso a ɛkyɛ: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia nneɛma te sɛ nantew ne ɔkasa bɛka akyi kakra.
• Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ adesua mu.
• Akwahosan tebea horow a ebetumi aba bere a worenyin no: nneɛma te sɛ mogya mmoroso, komayare, kɛseyɛ mmoroso, ne asikreyare.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi ahu awo mu duru a ɛba fam?

Sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea bere a wonyinsɛn no a, wo duruyɛfo no de akwan horow bedi dwuma de anya wo ba no kɛse ho adwene. Ɔkwan biako ne sɛ wubedi wo mu duru a ɛkɔ soro no akyi. Foforo nso ne sɛ wobɛsusuw `fundal height` . Eyi ne kwan a ɛda awotwaa no atifi ne awotwaa no dompe no ntam. Wo duruyɛfo nso de `(ultrasound)` scan bedi dwuma de ahwɛ sɛnea akokoaa no nyin ne ne nyin.

Wɔ awo akyi nnɔnhwerew kakraa a edi kan no mu no, oduruyɛfo bɛkari akokoaa no. Wɔde akokoaa no mu duru bɛtoto mfe a nyinsɛn no adi ho na wɔakyerɛw wɔ aduruyɛ ho kyerɛwtohɔ mu. Wɔfrɛ akokoaa a ne mu duru nnu gram 2500 (kilogram 2.5) sɛ awo mu duru sua, na wɔfrɛ akokoaa a ne mu duru nnu gram 1500 (kilogram 1.5) sɛ awo mu duru a ɛba fam koraa .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa awo mu duru a ɛba fam?

Wo ba no oduruyɛfo na obesi ayaresa a ehia ma akokoaa a ne mu duru sua wɔ awo mu no ho gyinae. Wɔbɛgyina akokoaa no nsɛm so asi ayaresa yi ho gyinae:

• Mfe a obi adi wɔ nyinsɛn mu.
• Akwahosan tebea nyinaa.
• Aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm.
• Egyina sɛnea wotumi gyina nnuru, aduruyɛ mu akwan horow, anaa ayaresa ahorow ano so .

Mpɛn pii no, nea ɛka awo mu duru a ɛba fam ho ayaresa ho:

• Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) hwɛ: Eyi ne beae a wɔhwɛ mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo a wɔhwɛ wɔn a emu yɛ den.
• Akokoaa a wɔde no bɛto mpa a wɔhwɛ ɔhyew so: Eyi ho hia yiye efisɛ ɛyɛ den ma nkokoaa nkumaa sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so akura wɔn nipadua mu hyew mu.
• Aduan titiriw a wɔde ma: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ akokoaa no ntumi mma nufusu a, wɔde nufusu ma sɛ nsu denam ntini a wɔde fa ntini mu (IV) anaa afiri a wɔde gu yafunu mu so.
• Ayaresa a ɛho hia ma nsɛnnennen afoforo.

Nkokoaa a wɔwo wɔn a wɔn mu duru sua wɔ awo mu, gye sɛ nsɛnnennen afoforo wɔ hɔ a, mpɛn pii no, bere kɔ so no, wɔkyere nkokoaa afoforo wɔ nipadua mu nkɔso mu. Ɛdenam wo ba no tebea so no, wo duruyɛfo betumi de wɔn akɔ oduruyɛfo bi nkyɛn ma wakɔhwɛ no bio.

Sɛ wɔwo me ba no a ne mu duru sua wɔ awo mu a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ wɔwo wo ba no a ne mu duru sua wɔ awo mu a, ebia obehia ɔhwɛ titiriw wɔ ayaresabea hɔ a wɔhwɛ mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo (NICU) . Ɔbɛtena NICU kosi sɛ ne mu duru bɛkɔ soro sɛnea ɛsɛ na nnuruyɛfo no besusuw sɛ ne ho ye a obetumi akɔ fie.

Sɛnea akokoaa a ne mu duru sua betumi atra ase no gyina ne mu duru so bere a wɔawo no. Nkokoaa a wɔn mu duru nnu gram 500 (kg 0.5) no na hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya nkwa no sua koraa. Nanso, nkɔso a aba wɔ aduruyɛ ho nyansahu mu ama wɔatumi agye nkokoaa nketewa paa mpo nkwa.

Sɛ wuhu wo ba kumaa no wɔ NICU a, wobɛte awerɛhow ne ehu nka kɛse. Ɛno yɛ ade a ɛfata. Nanso nya wo ba no nnuruyɛfo mu ahotoso. Wɔbɛyɛ nea wobetumi biara de aboa wo ba no ma ne mu duru ayɛ kɛse na wasiesie ne ho sɛ obefi ayaresabea akɔ fie.

So wobetumi asiw awo mu duru a ɛba fam ano?

Yiw, wubetumi aboa ma wɔasiw wo ba no ano a ne mu duru sua wɔ awo mu. Hwɛ yie wɔ saa nneɛma yi ho wɔ wo nyinsɛn mu:

• Kɔ ayaresabea bere ano (Hyɛ nhwehwɛmu daa): Di oduruyɛfo no akwankyerɛ akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.
• Nya calories ne aduannuru dodow a ɛfata: Di aduan a ɛkari pɛ na ahoɔden wom.
• Sɛ wowɔ asikreyare a, hwɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no so.
• Kwati nsa ne tawa a wode bedi dwuma koraa.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ba no?

Sɛ wɔwoo wo ba no a ne mu duru sua wɔ awo mu a, bisa wo duruyɛfo nea wubetumi ayɛ de aboa no ma ne mu duru ayɛ kɛse na wanya apɔwmuden. Bere a wo ba no nyin no, hwɛ hu sɛ ɔredi nnuan a ahoɔden wom na ɔredi agoru na ɔreyɛ nnam . Ɛho hia nso sɛ wode no kɔ ayaresabea bere ano ma wɔde nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban no .

Sɛ wo ba no duruyɛfo kɔ ayaresabea daa a, obetumi ahu akwahosan tebea horow a ebetumi de ɔhaw aba bere a ɔrenyin no. Nnuru a wɔde bɔ wo ba nso betumi abɔ wo ba no ho ban afi nyarewa a ɛyɛ hu ho.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

• Dɛn na metumi ayɛ na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ mɛwo akokoaa a ne mu duru sua wɔ awo mu no so atew?
• Sɛ wɔwoo me ba no a ne mu duru sua wɔ awo mu a, dɛn na metumi ayɛ de aboa no ma ne mu duru ayɛ kɛse?
• So me ba no behyia ɔhaw ahorow a emu yɛ den esiane awo mu duru a ɛba fam nti?
• So me ba hia nhwehwɛmu anaa aduruyɛ bi?
• Ayaresa bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ ma me ba no?
• So ɛho hia sɛ me ba nom aduru biara?

Awiei koraa no, kae (Take-Home Message) .

Nkokoaa bi a wɔn mu duru sua wɔ awo mu no sua na wɔwɔ apɔwmuden. Nanso wo ba a wɔawo no foforo no mu duru betumi aboa nnuruyɛfo ma wɔasi gyinae sɛ ebia ohia ɔhwɛ soronko wɔ awo akyi pɛɛ anaa. Nkokoaa binom betumi anya akwahosan ho haw a emu yɛ den esiane awo mu duru a ɛba fam nti. Sɛ wɔwo wo ba no a ne mu duru sua wɔ awo mu a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ ɔtra NICU. Ɛno betumi ayɛ den sɛ wobegyina ano. Nanso nya wo ba no nnuruyɛfo mu ahotoso . Wɔreyɛ nea wobetumi biara de aboa wo ba no. Ɛho hia nso sɛ wode suban pa di dwuma fi bere a wunyinsɛn no na wudi wo duruyɛfo afotu akyi bere a woawo wo ba no.

` awo mu duru a ɛba fam, awo a ɛba ntɛm, awotwaa mu nyin anohyeto, NICU, nkokoaa akwahosan, nyinsɛn, mmofra hwɛ