Wopɛ sɛ wuhu ahurututu mu kokoram ho nsɛm pii? Momma yɛnka ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri!

So woahaw wo ho wɔ biribi te sɛ ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa ho pɛn? Ɛtɔ da bi a, yesusuw sɛ ɛyɛ ade ketewaa bi, nanso ebetumi ayɛ yare a emu yɛ den ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka yareɛ bi a nnipa pii suro ho asɛm, nanso ɛho hia paa sɛ yɛma yɛn ani da hɔ. Ɛno ne ahurututu mu kokoram, anaa `(Ahurututu mu Kokoram)`. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ahurututu mu kokoram yɛ yare a ɛba bere a nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu no fi ase kyekyɛ a wuntumi nni so no. Nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no mu paapae sɛnea ɛsɛ na ɛyɛ nkwammoaa foforo bere nyinaa. Ɛno na ɛboa yɛn nipadua no ma enyin na esiesie ntini ahorow. Nanso ɛtɔ da bi a, nsakraeɛ bi `(mutations)` ba wɔ saa nkwammoaa yi mu. Afei saa nkwammoaa yi fi ase kyekyɛ bere mpo a ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ saa no. Saa nkwammoaa a ɛpaapae a wontumi nni so yi bom na ɛyɛ `(akisikuru). Esiane saa akisikuru yi nti, akwaa te sɛ yɛn ahurututu ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Ahurututu mu kokoram ne din a wɔde frɛ kokoram a efi ase wɔ ahurututu mu. Mpɛn pii no, eyinom fi ase wɔ ahurututu mu, wɔ mmeae te sɛ ahurututu anaa ahurututu anaa mframa kotoku nketewa a wɔfrɛ no ahurututu mu. Ɛtɔ da bi a, kokoram a efi ase wɔ mmeae afoforo no tumi trɛw kɔ ahurututu mu. Afei nnuruyɛfo frɛ no ‘kokoram a ɛkɔ w’ahurututu mu’. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔde baabi a efii ase no na ɛtoo kokoram no din.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu kokoram ahorow atitiriw?

Ɛwom sɛ kokoram ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛka ahurututu mu de, nanso sɛ yɛka ‘ahurututu mu kokoram’ ho asɛm a yɛtaa ka ahorow atitiriw abien ho asɛm. Eyinom ne ahurututu mu kokoram a ɛnyɛ nkwammoaa nketenkete (NSCLC) ne ahurututu mu kokoram nketewa (SCLC).

Ahurututu mu kokoram a ɛnyɛ nkwammoaa nketenkete (NSCLC) .

Eyi ne ahurututu mu kokoram a abu so sen biara. Ahurututu mu kokoram ayarefo bɛboro 80% na wɔwɔ saa kokoram yi. Saa ɔkwan yi mu ahorow atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi aka `(Adenocarcinoma)` ne `(Squamous cell carcinoma)` ho asɛm. `(Adenosquamous carcinoma)` ne `(Sarcomatoid carcinoma)` nso yɛ ahodoɔ mmienu a ɛhyɛ `(NSCLC)` ase, nanso ɛntaa mma kakra.

Nkwammoaa nketewa ahurututu mu kokoram (SCLC) .

Saa `(SCLC)` yi nyin ntɛmntɛm sen `(NSCLC)` na ɛyɛ den kakra nso sɛ wɔbɛsa. Wɔtaa hu no sɛ akisikuru ketewaa bi wɔ ahurututu mu, nanso ebedu saa bere no, ebia na atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo. `(SCLC)` ahorow pɔtee ne `(Nkwammoaa nketewa kokoram)` (wɔsan frɛ no `(oat nkwammoaa kokoram)`) ne `(Nkwammoaa nketewa kokoram a wɔaka abom)`.

Kokoram ahorow afoforo a ebetumi aba ahurututu mu

Wɔ saa ahorow atitiriw abien yi akyi no, kokoram ahorow afoforo wɔ hɔ a efi ase wɔ ahurututu mu anaa ne ho. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne lymphomas, sarcomas, ne pleural mesothelioma. Ɛsono sɛnea wɔsa eyinom yare na wɔntaa mfrɛ no ahurututu mu kokoram.

Ahurututu mu kokoram no fã bɛn na ɛkɔ so?

Sɛ wohu sɛ obi anya kokoram wie a, afei nnuruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ baabi a kokoram no wɔ. Wogyina sɛnea akisikuru a edi kan no kɛse te, baabi a atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛbɛn hɔ mu, ne sɛ ebia atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛma mogya tu anaa akwaa afoforo mu no so na ɛkyerɛ eyi. Kokoram ahorow biara wɔ nhyehyɛe soronko a wɔde gyina so.

Ahurututu mu kokoram no fã ahorow

Afahyɛ biara betumi anya ne kɛse ne ne trɛw a wɔaka abom. Sɛ nhwɛso no, kokoram a ɛwɔ ɔfã III no betumi ayɛ ketewaa asen nea ɛwɔ ɔfã II mu. Nanso, wobu no sɛ ɛkɔ anim kɛse esiane nneɛma afoforo nti. Nneɛma a ɛtaa nya ahurututu mu kokoram ne:

• Stage 0 (Stage 0 - In-situ): Kokoram no wɔ ahurututu anaa ahurututu no atifi pɛɛ. Ɛntrɛw nkɔ ahurututu no afã afoforo anaa ahurututu no akyi.
• Ɔfã I: Kokoram no ntrɛwee wɔ ahurututu no akyi.
• Ɔfã II: Kokoram no sõ sen ɔfã I, atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛwɔ ahurututu no mu, anaasɛ akisikuru bɛboro biako wɔ ahurututu no fã koro no ara mu.
• Ɔfã III: Kokoram no sõ sen ɔfã II, atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛbɛn anaa nneɛma a atwa ho ahyia mu, anaasɛ akisikuru bɛboro biako na ɛwɔ ahurututu koro no ara fã foforo mu.
• Ɔfã IV: Kokoram no atrɛw akɔ ahurututu foforo no mu, nsu a atwa ahurututu no ho ahyia , nsu a atwa koma no ho ahyia , anaa akwaa a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri no mu.

Nneɛma a Ɛyɛ Ano na Ɛtrɛw - ma Nkwammoaa Nketewa Kokoram (SCLC) .

Ɛwom sɛ mprempren nnuruyɛfo de akwan koro no ara di dwuma ``I`` kosi ``IV`` ma ``SCLC`` de, nanso ebia wobɛte nsɛmfua ``limited stage`` anaa ``extensive stage`` nso. Eyi gyina sɛ ebia kokoram no wɔ beae bi a wobetumi de ``radiation field biako`` ayɛ ho adwuma.

• Limited stage SCLC no yɛ nea ɛwɔ ahurututu biako mu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia na ɛtrɛw kɔɔ ntini a ɛwɔ koko no mfinimfini anaasɛ ntini a ɛwɔ ɔfã koro no ara a ɛwɔ kɔn mu dompe no atifi no mu.
• Ebia SCLC kokoram a ɛkɔ akyiri atrɛw wɔ ahurututu biako mu nyinaa, anaasɛ ebetumi atrɛw akɔ ahurututu foforo no mu, akɔ ntini a ɛwɔ ahurututu no fã a ɛne no bɔ abira no mu, anaa nipadua no afã afoforo.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu kokoram a ɛtrɛw kɔ mmeae afoforo?

Ahurututu mu kokoram a ɛtrɛw yɛ kokoram a efi ase wɔ ahurututu biako mu na ɛtrɛw kɔ ahurututu foforo anaa nipadua no afã afoforo. Kokoram ahorow a ɛkɔ mmeae afoforo yi a wɔbɛsa no yɛ den sen kokoram a ɛwɔ baabiara a wɔbɛsa.

Ahurututu mu kokoram abu so dɛn?

Wɔ aman te sɛ United States mu no, ahurututu mu kokoram ne kokoram a ɛto so abiɛsa a abu so. Sɛnea akwahosan ho nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ saa aman no mu kyerɛ no, wɔbɔ ahurututu mu kokoram foforo bɛboro mpem ahanu ho amanneɛ afe biara. Yebetumi abu eyi sɛ akwahosan ho haw kɛse wɔ Sri Lanka nso.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ nyarewa afoforo a emu nyɛ den pii de. Nnipa pii nnya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara kosi sɛ yare no bɛkɔ anim yiye. Nanso, ebia nnipa binom benya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ntɛm. Sɛ wɔwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow mpo a, ebia nea edidi so yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa pɛ na wobenya:

• Ɔfe a ɛrenkɔ na ɛyɛ kɛse.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ ɛyɛ tiaa (dyspnea).
• Koko mu yaw anaasɛ ɛnyɛ dɛ.
• Ahomegye yɛ nnyigyei a ɛyɛ abɛn a efi koko mu ba.
• Mogya a wɔfe (hemoptysis) .
• Ɛnne a ɛreyɛ ayɛ dede.
• Aduan yɛ nea ɛnyɛ dɛ .
• Ɔbɛyɛ teateaa a ntease biara nnim.
• Ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so a wɔte nka a ntease biara nnim.
• Mmati mu yaw .
• Anim, kɔn, nsa, anaa koko a ɛwɔ soro a ɛho ahonhon (Superior vena cava syndrome).
• Aniwa biako anim a ɛtrɛw, aniwa no ano ahwe ase, na fifiri a ɛwɔ saa ɔfã no so tew anaasɛ enni hɔ (Horner’s syndrome).

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɔfe anaa ahurututu mu yare a enni hɔ ɛmfa ho ayaresa no betumi ayɛ ahurututu mu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne ntɛm. Nanso tebea afoforo a emu nyɛ den nso betumi de aba. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba ntɛm ne ɔfe a ɛkɔ so anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɛse, ɔhome a ɛyɛ tiaa, koko mu yaw, ne mu duru a ɛyɛ den, anaasɛ ne mu duru a ɛso tew a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu. Ɛgyina baabi a w’ahurututu mu kokoram fi ase so no, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi betumi aba wɔ mfiase (ɔfã I anaa II). Nanso wɔtaa pue bere a kokoram no akɔ anim akodu baabi a ɛkɔ akyiri akyi. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ ahurututu mu kokoram mu sɛ wowɔ asiane mu a.

Bere tenten ahe na ahurututu mu kokoram betumi atra hɔ a wonnim?

Kokoram betumi anyin wɔ wo nipadua mu mfe pii a wunhu mpo. Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu kokoram nkyerɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow wɔ ne mfiase.

Dɛn na ɛde ahurututu mu kokoram ba?

Ahurututu mu kokoram ba bere a nkwammoaa a enhia sɛ wɔpaapae ankasa no kɔ so mu paapae no. Sɛnea madi kan aka no, nkwammoaa mu mpaapaemu yɛ adeyɛ a ɛfata. Nanso nkwammoaa biara wɔ switch bi a wɔfrɛ no ``senescence'' a ɛka sɛ, ''Enough, nkyekyɛ mu bio'', anaasɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so wu bere a ɛho hia (apoptosis). Saa switch yi yɛ adwuma bere a nkwammoaa bi mu apaapae dodo, anaasɛ bere a nsakrae pii wɔ mu (mutations). Kokoram nkwammoaa yɛ nkwammoaa a ɛteɛ wɔ yɛn nipadua mu a ɛwɔ ``mutations'' a wɔayi saa switch no afi hɔ. Afei nkwammoaa no kɔ so mu paapae a yentumi nni so, na esiw yɛn nkwammoaa a ɛte saa no kwan. Saa kokoram nkwammoaa yi tumi kɔ mogya anaa ntini a ɛma mogya tu no mu, tu kwan kɔ nipadua no afã afoforo, na ɛtrɛw nneɛma a asɛe no mu. Yennim nea enti a nnipa binom nya saa nsakrae yi na wonya kokoram, bere a afoforo nnya bi no ankasa. Nanso, nneɛma bi te sɛ tawa mu nneɛma a wode bedi dwuma no betumi asɛe wo nkwammoaa na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu kokoram no ayɛ kɛse.

Nneɛma a ɛde ahurututu mu kokoram ba

Ɛwom sɛ nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛma ahurututu mu kokoram ho asiane yɛ kɛse de, nanso ade biako pɛ a ɛde asiane ba kɛse ne tawa biara te sɛ sigaret, sigaret, ne paipu a wɔde di dwuma. Abenfo ka sɛ ahurututu mu kokoram a wowuwu no mu 80% fa sigaretnom ho. Nneɛma afoforo a ɛde asiane ba ne:

• Wusiw a wɔde di dwuma a wɔde di dwuma. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wuhyia sigaret a wɔde di dwuma bere a wo ne obi a ɔnom sigaret ho ahyia, sɛ worennom sigaret mpo a.
• Nneɛma a epira te sɛ mframa a wɔsɛe no, radon, asbestos, uranium, diesel wusiw, silica, ne fango mu nneɛma a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu.
• Esiane sɛ na wɔadi kan anya ayaresa a wɔde mframa a ano yɛ den ayɛ wɔn koko (sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ nufu mu kokoram anaa lymphoma ho).
• Abusua abakɔsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ahurututu mu kokoram (agyapade mu su).

So vaping de ahurututu mu kokoram ba?

Sɛ woreyɛ vape (de afiri bi a ɛma nicotine ne nneɛma a ɛma ɛyɛ dɛ afrafra di dwuma) a, wubetumi ahome nneɛma pii, a nneɛma a wonim sɛ ɛde kokoram ba ka ho. Esiane sɛ vaping da so ara yɛ ade foforo nti, yennim nea ɛde ba bere tenten no nyinaa. Nanso abenfo gye di sɛ ebetumi asɛe ahurututu.

So wɔn a wɔnnom sigaret betumi anya ahurututu mu kokoram?

Ɛwom sɛ sigaretnom ne ade titiriw a ɛde ahurututu mu kokoram ba de, nanso nnipa a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ yare no mu bɛyɛ 20% nnom sigaret da. Ɛno nti na sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne bi a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ a, ɛho hia sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo kasa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu ahurututu mu kokoram?

Ahurututu mu kokoram a wobehu no yɛ adeyɛ a wɔyɛ no anammɔn pii. Sɛ wodi kan kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wobebisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, abisa w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, na wɔayɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu (te sɛ wo koma ne w’ahurututu a wotie). Esiane sɛ ahurututu mu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ nyarewa afoforo a ɛtaa ba nti, wo duruyɛfo betumi adi kan ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu na wɔnyɛ wo koko X-ray. Sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ ebia wowɔ ahurututu mu kokoram a, nneɛma a edi hɔ a wobɛyɛ ne sɛ wobɛyɛ mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu afoforo te sɛ CT scan, ne biopsy. Ebia eyi ka ho ne PET/CT scan a wɔbɛyɛ de ahwɛ sɛ kokoram no atrɛw anaa, na wɔahwehwɛ kokoram ntini no mu afi biopsy no mu de ahu ayaresa a eye sen biara.

So koko so X-ray betumi ahu ahurututu mu kokoram?

X-ray nyɛ papa te sɛ CT mfonini a wɔde kyerɛ ahurututu mu akisikuru, titiriw wɔ mfiase no. Ebia akisikuru no sua dodo sɛ wobetumi ahu wɔ X-ray so, anaasɛ ebia nneɛma afoforo a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu (te sɛ mparow) de asie. X-ray ntumi nkyerɛ no yiye sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu kokoram anaa – sɛ biribi a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwehwɛ mu kɔ akyiri nkutoo a, ebetumi akyerɛ oduruyɛfo no.

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔde hu ahurututu mu kokoram?

Nhwehwɛmu ahorow a wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ no bi ne mogya mu nhwehwɛmu, mfoniniyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu, ne nsu anaa ntini mu nhwehwɛmu.

Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu

Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu nkutoo ntumi nhu kokoram, nanso ebetumi aboa wo duruyɛfo ma wahu sɛnea w’akwaa ne wo nipadua no afã afoforo reyɛ adwuma.

Mfoninitwa sɔhwɛ ahorow

Chest X-ray ne CT scan ma wo duruyɛfo no nya nsakrae a aba w’ahurututu mu no ho mfonini. Wɔtaa yɛ PET/CT scan sɛ wohu biribi a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ wɔ CT scan mu, anaasɛ bere a wɔahu kokoram akyi de ahwɛ sɛ atrɛw anaa.

Biopsy a wɔde hwehwɛ nipadua mu

Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wo duruyɛfo betumi afa so ahu nea ɛrekɔ so wɔ wo moma so no yiye. Wɔ saa akwan yi so no, wo duruyɛfo betumi afa ntini anaa nsu bi (biopsy). Wobetumi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete ahwɛ no sɛ ebia kokoram nkwammoaa wɔ hɔ anaa kokoram ko a ɛyɛ. Wobetumi nso asɔ saa nhwɛsode ahorow yi ahwɛ sɛ ebia awosu mu nsakrae (nkwaa mu nsakrae) bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aka w’ayaresa no anaa. Akwan a wɔfa so hu ahurututu mu kokoram ntɛm anaasɛ wohu ne trɛw ho nsɛm pii no bi ne:

• Needle biopsy: Wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo no de needle fa nsu anaa ntini bi.
• Bronchoscopy, Thoracoscopy, anaa Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS): Oduruyɛfo de saa akwan yi hwɛ ahurututu no afã horow na ɔfa ntini ahorow.
• Thoracentesis: Oduruyɛfo de saa kwan yi di dwuma de fa nsu a atwa w’ahurututu ho ahyia no bi na ɔsɔ hwɛ.
• Endobronchial ultrasound anaa Endoscopic esophageal ultrasound: Oduruyɛfo de akwan yi hwɛ ntini a ɛma mogya tu no na ɔyɛ nipadua mu ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Mediastinoscopy anaa mediastinotomy: Oduruyɛfo de saa akwan yi hwɛ baabi a ɛda ahurututu no ntam (mediastinum) na ɔfa nhwɛsode ahorow.

Molekyule mu sɔhwɛ ahorow

Sɛ́ biopsy no fã no, wo duruyɛfo no bɛsɔ wo ntini nhwɛsode no ahwɛ sɛ ebia awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae (nsakrae) a wobetumi de nnuru titiriw bi asi wɔn ani so anaa. Eyi yɛ wo ayaresa nhyehyɛe no fã. Wɔ NSCLC mu no, awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ebia ɛwɔ nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae a wobetumi de wɔn ani asi so ne:

• `(KRAS)`
• `(EGFR)`
• `(ALK)`
• `(ROS1)`
• `(BRAF)`
• `(RET)`
• `(MET)`
• `(HER2)`
• `(NTRK)`

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa ahurututu mu kokoram?

Botae a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu kokoram ayaresa mu ne sɛ wobeyi kokoram no afi wo nipadua mu anaasɛ wobɛhwɛ ne nyin so. Saa ayaresa ahorow yi betumi ayi kokoram nkwammoaa afi hɔ, asɛe no, asiw wɔn kwan sɛ wɔbɛpaapae mu, anaasɛ akyerɛkyerɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ma wɔako atia. Wɔde ayaresa ahorow bi nso di dwuma de tew yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so na wɔtew ɛyaw so. Ayaresa a wubenya no begyina ahurututu mu kokoram ko a wowɔ, baabi a ɛwɔ, baabi a atrɛw akodu, ne nneɛma afoforo pii so.

Dɛn ne nnuru/ayaresa a wɔde sa ahurututu mu kokoram?

Ahurututu mu kokoram ayaresa ahorow bi ne oprehyɛn, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), mframa a wɔde sa yare, nnuru a wɔde sa yare, nnuru a wɔde si wɔn ani so a wɔde sa yare, ne nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa.

Sɛɛgyiri

Oprehyɛn wɔ hɔ ma ahurututu mu kokoram a ɛnyɛ nkwammoaa nketenkete (NSCLC) a ennyaa ntrɛwee ne ahurututu mu kokoram a nkwammoaa biako (SCLC). Wo duruyɛfo a ɔyɛ wo oprehyɛn no beyi kokoram no ne ntini bi a ɛte apɔw a atwa ho ahyia no afi hɔ de ahwɛ ahu sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa biara renka. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na woanya hokwan a eye sen biara sɛ kokoram no nsan mma bio no, ɛsɛ sɛ wotwa w’ahurututu no nyinaa anaa ne fã bi.

Radiofrequency a wɔde yi nipadua no fi nipadua mu (RFA) .

Wɔ ahurututu mu kokoram a ɛnyɛ nkwammoaa nketenkete (NSCLC) akisikuru a ɛbɛn ahurututu no akyi anoano ho no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde ayaresa bi a wɔfrɛ no radiofrequency ablation (RFA) di dwuma. RFA de radio asorɔkye a ahoɔden kɛse wom di dwuma de ma kokoram nkwammoaa yɛ hyew na ɛsɛe.

Mframa a wɔde sa yare

Mframa a wɔde sa yare no de mframa a ahoɔden wom kɛse di dwuma de kum kokoram nkwammoaa. Wobetumi ayɛ no nkutoo anaasɛ sɛ nea ɛka oprehyɛn ho na ama oprehyɛn no ayɛ yiye kɛse. Wɔde radiation therapy nso di dwuma sɛ palliative care - de tew akisikuru so na ɛtew ɛyaw so. Wɔde di dwuma ma NSCLC ne SCLC nyinaa.

Nnuru a wɔde sa yare

Nnuru a wɔde sa yare yɛ nnuru a wɔaka abom a wɔtaa de siw kokoram nkwammoaa nyin ano. Wobetumi de ama ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn anaa bere a wɔayɛ no oprehyɛn akyi, anaasɛ wɔde bɛka nnuru afoforo te sɛ immunotherapy ho. Wɔtaa de nnuru a wɔde sa ahurututu mu kokoram fa ntini mu (IV).

Nnuru a wɔde sa yare a wɔde wɔn ani asi so

Nnipa binom a wɔwɔ ahurututu mu kokoram a ɛnyɛ nkwammoaa nketenkete (NSCLC) no wɔ nsakrae pɔtee (nsakrae) wɔ wɔn ahurututu mu kokoram nkwammoaa mu a ɛboa ma kokoram no nyin. Nnuru titiriw de wɔn ani si saa nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae ahorow yi so na wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wobedi kokoram nkwammoaa no so anaasɛ wobekum wɔn. Nnuru afoforo a wɔfrɛ no angiogenesis inhibitors betumi asiw mogya ntini foforo a ehia sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa nyin no ano.

Nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa

Mpɛn pii no, yɛn nipadua hu nkwammoaa a asɛe anaa enni apɔwmuden na ɛsɛe. Nanso kokoram nkwammoaa betumi ahintaw nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no na wɔakɔ so atra hɔ a wontumi nhu. Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma denam kokoram nkwammoaa a ɛma wo nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa no so. Afei w’ankasa nipadua betumi ako atia kokoram no.

Ɔhwɛ a ɛma obi ho dwo no

Wɔde ahurututu mu kokoram ayaresa ahorow bi di dwuma de gyae sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɛyaw ne ahome a ɛyɛ den. Eyinom bi ne ayaresa a ɛtew anaa eyi akisikuru a esiw mframa kwan no fi hɔ, ne akwan a wɔfa so yi nsu a atwa ahurututu no ho ahyia na esiw ano bio.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow no mu nsunsuanso bɔne?

Nneɛma bɔne a efi ahurututu mu kokoram ayaresa mu ba no gyina ayaresa ko a wɔde ma so. Wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛ wo nneɛma bɔne a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan ne nsɛnnennen a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye wɔ w’ayaresa pɔtee no ho.

Nnuru a wɔde sa yare

• Akisikuru, ɔfe.
• Ayamtuo.
• Nwi a ɛtɔ.
• Ɔbrɛ.
• Ano mu akuru.
• Nkate a ɛyera, mmerɛwyɛ, anaasɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw (neuropathy).

Nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa

• Ɔbrɛ.
• Itchy a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Ayamtuo.
• Akisikuru, ɔfe.
• Nkwaa mu yaw.
• Nsunsuanso foforo betumi aba esiane nsɛnnennen nti (e.g., ahurututu mu yare, akisikuru, mmerɛbo mu yare).

Mframa a wɔde sa yare

• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Ɛwa.
• Yeaw.
• Ɔbrɛ.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene.
• Wora a ɛyɛ nwunu, ɛyɛ mmerɛw, anaa ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ.
• Akisikuru, ɔfe.

Sɛɛgyiri

• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Koko mu ɔfasu mu yaw.
• Ɛwa.
• Ɔbrɛ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobedi yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne nea efi mu ba no ho dwuma?

Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw nnuru a ɛbɛboa wo ma woadi wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne anaa nea efi w’ayaresa no mu ba no ho dwuma. Oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ ɔyare a ɛma wo ho brɛ ase anaa aduan ho ɔbenfo betumi aboa wo ma woadi wo yaw anaa sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo ho dwuma na ama w’asetra atu mpɔn bere a worenya ayaresa no.

Sɛ mewɔ ahurututu mu kokoram a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ kwan?

Nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ kwan bere a wɔahu sɛ ɔwɔ ahurututu mu kokoram akyi no gyina nneɛma pii so. Wɔ nnipa binom a wɔwɔ kokoram a edi kan fam no, nnuruyɛfo beyi kokoram no afi hɔ na afei wɔakɔ so ayɛ nhwehwɛmu a edi akyi mfe pii. Wɔ afoforo pii fam no, eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛsakra bere a bere kɔ so no. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia wobɛsɔ aduru biako ahwɛ kosi sɛ ɛbɛyɛ adwuma, afei woadan akɔ ayaresa foforo so bere a ɛnyɛ adwuma bio no.

So ahurututu mu kokoram trɛw ntɛmntɛm?

Sɛnea ahurututu mu kokoram trɛw ntɛmntɛm no gyina ne su so. Wɔ ahorow atitiriw no mu no, ahurututu mu kokoram a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa nketenkete (SCLC) taa trɛw ntɛmntɛm sen ahurututu mu kokoram a ɛnyɛ nkwammoaa nketenkete (NSCLC). Edu bere a wobehu ahurututu mu kokoram no, ebia na atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛma mogya tu anaa akwaa afoforo mu dedaw.

So wobetumi asa ahurututu mu kokoram?

Ahurututu mu kokoram ahorow bi, sɛ wɔkyere ansa na atrɛw a, wobetumi abu no sɛ wɔasa. Nanso abenfo ntaa mfa asɛmfua "a wɔasa no yare" nni dwuma mfa nkyerɛkyerɛ kokoram bi mu. Wɔtaa de nsɛmfua "remission" anaa "no evidence of disease (NED)" di dwuma. Sɛ woakɔ remission anaa "NED" mu mfeɛ anum anaa nea ɛboro saa a, wɔbɛtumi abu wo sɛ woasa wo yareɛ. Nanso, hokwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ bere nyinaa sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa bɛsan aba.

Nkwa dodow ahe wɔ ahurututu mu kokoram mu?

Sɛnea ahurututu mu kokoram bɛtra ase no gyina baabi a kokoram no atrɛw akodu bere a wɔahu, sɛnea ɛyɛ n’ade yiye wɔ ayaresa ho, w’akwahosan nyinaa, ne nneɛma afoforo so kɛse. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ akisikuru nketewa a ɛntrɛw nkɔ ntini mu no, nkwa a wonya no yɛ 90% ma akisikuru a esua sen sɛntimita 1, 85% ma akisikuru a ɛwɔ sɛntimita 1 kosi 2, ne 80% ma akisikuru a ɛwɔ sɛntimita 2 kosi 3. Mfe anum a wɔde tra ase wɔ ahurututu mu kokoram a wohu wɔ bere biara mu no yɛ 22.9%. Mfe anum a wɔde tra ase sɛnea kokoram no te no te sɛ nea edidi so yi:

• Wɔ kokoram a ɛwɔ ahurututu biako mu ho: 61.2% (64% ma NSCLC, 29% ma SCLC) .
• Wɔ kokoram a atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛma mogya tu mu (ɔmantam): 33.5% (37% ma `(NSCLC)`, 18% ma `(SCLC)`) .
• Wɔ kokoram a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri ho: 7% (26% ma NSCLC, 3% ma SCLC) .

Nanso kae sɛ saa akontaabu ahorow yi nkyerɛ sɛnea wohu yare no ne ayaresa pɔtee a wowɔ no pɛpɛɛpɛ.Esiane nkɔso a aba wɔ sɛnea wohu ne ayaresa mu nti, ahurututu mu kokoram a wowuwu no so atew ntɛmntɛm wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu.

Dɛn ne nkwagye dodow a wɔde toto ho?

Ebia wo duruyɛfo de nea wɔfrɛ no mfe anum nkwa dodow bedi dwuma de akyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu mu kokoram no betumi aka w’akwahosan wɔ mfe anum akyi wɔ bere a wɔahu sɛ wowɔ no akyi. Saa akontaabu ahorow yi de sɛnea obi a ɔwɔ ahurututu mu kokoram nya nkwa no toto obi a ɔwɔ nnipa dodow a wɔadi mfe koro mu de ho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi asiw ahurututu mu kokoram ano?

Esiane sɛ yennim nea ɛde kokoram dodow no ara ba ankasa nti, ɔkwan biako pɛ a yebetumi afa so asiw ano ne sɛ yɛbɛtew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so. Akwan bi a wubetumi afa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so ni:

• Ɛnyɛ sigaretnom, anaasɛ sɛ wonom a, wubegyae. Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu kokoram no fi ase so tew wɔ mfe anum akyi bere a woagyae no.
• Kwati wusiw a wɔde adi dwuma ne nneɛma afoforo a ebetumi apira w’ahurututu.
• Di aduan a ahoɔden wom na kura mu duru a ɛfata mu. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi kyerɛ sɛ nnuaba ne nhabannuru a wodi (nkuruwa abien kosi asia ne fã da biara) betumi aboa ma kokoram ho asiane no so atew.
• Sɛ wowɔ asiane kɛse mu a, kɔhwehwɛ ahurututu mu kokoram anaa.

Ahurututu mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu

Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hwehwɛ kokoram no betumi ama hokwan a wowɔ sɛ wubehu kokoram wɔ ne mfiase no ayɛ kɛse. Sɛ wudu saa ahwehwɛde ahorow yi nyinaa so a, wofata sɛ wɔyɛ ahurututu mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu:

• Sɛ woadi mfe 50 kosi 80 a.
• Sɛ mprempren wonom sigaret, anaasɛ sɛ wugyaee sigaretnom mfe 15 a atwam ni a.
• Sɛ wowɔ sigaretnom ho abakɔsɛm a ɛyɛ pack-20 (sigaret pack dodow a wonom da biara a wɔde mfe dodow a woanom no abɔ ho) a, .

Bisa wo duruyɛfo mfaso ne asiane a ɛwɔ so sɛ wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi pɛnkoro afe biara.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Wɔn ho a wɔbɛhwɛ no yɛ kokoram ho hwɛ fã titiriw. Akwan bi a wubetumi afa so ahwɛ wo ho ni, sɛ́ ebia woreyɛ ayaresa anaasɛ worenya ahoɔden:

• Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, fa w’adamfo anaa w’abusua muni bi ka wo ho kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn. Wɔbɛboa wo ma woakae nsɛm ne akwan horow a oduruyɛfo no de ma wo no.
• Di kan yɛ sɛnea wobɛte nka wɔ nna a edi ayaresa akyi no ho nhyehyɛe. Ebia nea ɛka eyi ho ne mmoa foforo a wobɛsrɛ, aduan a wubedi kan asiesie, anaa hwɛ a wobɛhwɛ sɛ wowɔ nhyehyɛe a emu nyɛ den.
• Sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo den mpo a, bisa wo duruyɛfo no aduan pa a wubenya ho asɛm.
• Nom nsu pii na ama wo nipadua no anya nsu.
• Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ na sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ no.
• Fa telefon nɔma a ɛho hia sie wo nsam. Ebia worekɔ nnuruyɛfo pii nkyɛn, enti sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw bi a, ɛbɛboa sɛ wubehu onii a wobɛfrɛ no.
• Susuw ho sɛ wobɛkɔ akɔka kuw bi a wɔboa wɔn ho, wɔ mpɔtam hɔ anaa intanɛt so. Sɛ wo ne nnipa a wɔafa ade koro no ara mu a, ebetumi aboa wo ma woanya adwene na woahu nea wobɛhwɛ kwan.

Sɛ wowie ayaresa wie a, mmoa ne wo ho a wobɛhwɛ betumi adi dwuma titiriw wɔ w’anim. Mma ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛsrɛ mmoa anaa akwankyerɛ. Hwɛ hu sɛ wubedi akyi sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ no.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn? / Nsɛmmisa bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne bi a ɛhaw wo a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn. Sɛ wonom sigaret anaasɛ woanom sigaret bere bi a atwam a, bisa wo duruyɛfo mfa nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ wɔ ahurututu mu kokoram ho. Nsɛm bi a wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo no bi ne:

• Dɛn ne ayaresa a metumi apaw?
• Ɔkwan bɛn na eye sen biara a mɛfa so ahwɛ me ho wɔ fie?
• Ayaresa no bɛyɛ dɛn?
• Dɛn ne anammɔn a edi hɔ a mɛfa so?
• Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa biribi a egye ntɛmpɛ a, nɔma bɛn na ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ wofrɛ?
• Nneɛma bɔne bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ me ne wo ka ho asɛm?
• Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ Emergency Department (ETU) ?

Sɛ wohu sɛ ɔwɔ ahurututu mu kokoram a, ebetumi de nkate ahorow aba. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nsɛm foforo dodow betumi ayɛ nea ɛboro so. Ɛho hia sɛ wokae sɛ akontaabu ntumi nkyerɛ sɛnea w’ayaresa no bɛkɔ anaa gyinaesi ahorow a ɛbɛfata ama wo tebea pɔtee no.

Ɛdenam nnamfo a wowɔ mu ahotoso anaa kuw bi a wɔboa wo mmoa so no, wubetumi anya mmoa de asusuw nneɛma a wubetumi apaw ho na woada nea wopɛ adi. Mpɛn pii no, kokoram ayaresa yɛ adeyɛ, na wo ho a wobɛhwɛ no yɛ ne fã a ɛho hia sen biara no mu biako.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Ahurututu mu kokoram yɛ yare a emu yɛ den. Nanso, sɛ wohu ntɛm na wɔsa no yiye a, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ne ho bɛtɔ no no yɛ kɛse. Ɛho hia sɛ wokwati sigaretnom, di asetra a ahoɔden wom akyi, na sɛ wowɔ asiane ahorow a, woyɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu daa. Sɛ wowɔ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no bi ho dadwen bi a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu. Kae sɛ ɛnyɛ wo nko ara, na nnipa pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi aboa wo wɔ akwantu yi mu.

---

` Ahurututu mu Kokoram, Ahurututu mu Kokoram, Kokoram Nsɛnkyerɛnne, Kokoram De Ba, Kokoram Ayaresa, Sigaretnom, NSCLC, SCLC, Ahurututu Akwahosan