So ahurututu mu yare haw wo? Momma yɛnbom nte ahurututu mu yare yi ase!

So woapere wo ho wɔ wo koko mu a ɛyɛ wo yaw , ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa, anaa ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa ho nna pii? So wote nka sɛ wo ho atɔ wo koraa? Bere a ebia wobɛpow eyinom sɛ atiridiinini ara kwa no, ebetumi akyerɛ tebea bi a emu yɛ den kɛse a wonim no sɛ ahurututu mu yare . Momma yɛnka saa tebea yi ho asɛm —a nnipa pii suro nanso nnipa kakraa bi na wɔte ase ankasa —wɔ ɔkwan a emu da hɔ na ɛyɛ tẽẽ so, te sɛ nkɔmmɔ a yɛne yɛn adamfo bi bɔ no ara pɛ.

Dɛn ankasa ne ahurututu mu yare?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ahurututu mu yare yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛba ahurututu mu. Susuw w’ahurututu ho te sɛ sponge a mframa ahyɛ mu ma bere biara a wobɛhome. Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a, mframa kotoku nketenkete (alveoli) ne akwan nketewa (bronchioles) a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu no ho hyehye esiane ɔyare mmoawa bi nti na ɛyɛ akisikuru anaa nsu ma. Eyi ma ɛyɛ den ma w’ahurututu sɛ ebegye mframa pa a ɛho hia a wo nipadua hia no.

Obiara betumi anya ahurututu mu yare, nanso asiane no yɛ kɛse ma mmofra a wonnii mfe 2 ne mpanyimfo a wɔadi boro mfe 50 , efisɛ ebia wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no bɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse. Bio nso, wɔn a wɔnom sigaret anaa wɔnom nsa boro so no wɔ asiane kɛse mu.

Ahurututu mu yare betumi aka ahurututu biako anaa abien no nyinaa. Sɛ ɛka abien no nyinaa a, wɔtaa frɛ no ‘ahurututu mu yare abien.’ Ɛtɔ da bi a, obi betumi anya ahurututu mu yare a enni sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den bere a ɔtoa ne da biara da dwumadi so no; wonim eyi sɛ ‘ahurututu mu yare a nantew.’

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu yare ahorow atitiriw?

Wobetumi agyina ɔyare mmoawa a ɛde ba no so akyekyɛ ahurututu mu yare mu. Momma yɛnhwɛ saa ahorow yi wɔ pon a ɛwɔ ase ha no so.

So worenya saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi?

Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba nkakrankakra wɔ nna kakraa bi mu. Hwɛ sɛ wuhu eyinom mu bi anaa:

• Ɔfe: Mpɛn pii no, nsu anaa nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ na ɛka ho.
• Koko mu yaw a ano yɛ den: Ɛtaa yɛ kɛse bere a ɔrehome denneennen anaa ɔfe; ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea wɔde sekan abɔ obi.
• Atiridii, fifiri , ne atiridiinini.
• Ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so ne aduan ho akɔnnɔ a ɛyera.
• Ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa anaa ahome a wɔhome ntɛmntɛm.
• Akisikuru, ɔfe, anaa akisikuru.
• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm.
• Kɔla a ɛyɛ bruu wɔ anofafa anaa nsateaa nnadewa mu: (Ebia eyi renhu kɛse wɔ honam ani hwɛbea a ɛyɛ tuntum mu).

Nsɛm titiriw a wɔakyerɛw ama mpanyimfo ne mmofra nkumaa

Wɔ mpanyimfo a wɔn mfe akɔ anim mu no, ahurututu mu yare betumi ama adwene atu afra anaasɛ nsakrae aba wɔn adwene mu . Ebia wɔn nipadua mu hyew nso sua sen sɛnea ɛte daa sen sɛ wobenya atiridiinini.

Ebia mmofra nkumaa renkyerɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛda adi pefee, nanso hwɛ yiye wɔ ɔbrɛ, basabasayɛ a ɛyɛ soronko , pow a wɔpow sɛ wobedidi anaa wɔnom, ɔfe, atiridiinini, anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome.

Nea ɛde ba ne nea wɔde ma

Ahurututu mu yare ba bere a ɔyare mmoawa bi mu yɛ den ma ɛhyɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no so na ɛkɔ w’ahurututu mu no.

• Mmoawa: Nea ɛka ho ne Influenza, atiridiinini, RSV (ade titiriw a ɛde ba nkokoaa), ne SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
• Mmoawa: Pneumococcus na ɛtaa de ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba.
• Aspiration Pneumonia: Eyi ba bere a wɔhome aduan, anonne, nnompe, anaa ɔfe kɔ ahurututu mu wɔ akwanhyia mu no. Asiane yi yɛ kɛse wɔ ankorankoro a ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛmene esiane amemene mu opira, nsa a wɔnom kɛse, anaa nnuru a wɔde dwudwo wɔn nti no mu.

So ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa?

Yiw, ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa ne ɔyare mmoawa de ba no betumi afa obi. Wobetumi afa ɔhome mu nsu a ɛtɔ bere a obi a ɔwɔ ɔyare no kasa, ɔfe, anaa ɔfefe no mu atrɛw. Wubetumi nso anya denam wo nsa a wode bɛka nneɛma a efĩ wom na afei wode wo nsa aka w’ano anaa wo hwene so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ?

Sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn a, obebisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, w’asetra mu su te sɛ sigaretnom, ne afoforo a wɔyare a wo ne wɔn bɛka ho asɛm. Wɔde afiri a wɔde tie asɛm bɛtie wo moma so; sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a, ebia wɔbɛte nnyigyei a ɛyɛ gyegyeegye anaa nea ɛrehuruhuruw.

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔasi so dua no, ebia wɔbɛhyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔnyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow te sɛ:

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Chest X-ray: Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubehu baabi a ɔyare no wɔ ne baabi a ɛkɔ.
• Pulse Oximetry: Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobehu oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu.
• Sputum test: Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobehu ɔyare mmoawa pɔtee a ɛde ɔyare no ba.

Sɛ wo tebea no mu yɛ den anaasɛ wowɔ akwahosan ho nsɛm afoforo a, ebia wɔbɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ CT scan anaa nhwehwɛmu titiriw afoforo.

Ayaresa ne ahoɔden a wɔde ma

Ayaresa no gyina ahurututu mu yare ko, sɛnea emu yɛ den, ne w’akwahosan nyinaa so.

• Bacterial Pneumonia: Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubewie nnuru no nyinaa, sɛ mpo wufi ase te nka sɛ wo ho tɔ wo ntɛm mpo a. Nnyae ntɛm.
• Viral Pneumonia: Nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Nea ɛka ayaresa ho ne ahomegye, nsu a ɛwɔ nipadua mu (nsu, soup, broth), ne nnuru a ɛtew atiridiinini a wɔnom.
• Fungal Pneumonia: Wɔde nnuru a ekum fungal na ɛsa.

Sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa wo nkɔ ayaresabea na wɔmfa nsu a wɔde fa ntini mu (IV), nnuru, anaa oxygen a wɔde ka ho.

Sɛ obi ho tɔ no a, ebetumi agye dapɛn biako kosi bɛboro ɔsram biako. Ɔbrɛ betumi akɔ so ɔsram biako anaa nea ɛboro saa, enti nya abotare na fa ahomegye di kan. Bisa wo duruyɛfo bere a asiane biara nni ho sɛ wobɛsan akɔ wo dwumadi a wotaa yɛ no so.

Sɛnea wobɛbɔ wo ho ban

Siw a wosiw ano ye sen sɛ wobedi yare no ankasa ho dwuma.

• Fa samina hohoro wo nsa mpɛn pii.
• Twe wo ho fi nnipa a wɔyare ho. Sɛ woyare a, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛkwati sɛ wobɛtrɛw mu akyerɛ afoforo.
• Kwati sigaretnom koraa na twe wo ho fi sigaret a wɔde di dwuma ho.
• Fa ahwɛyiye a ɛfata di tebea horow a enni sabea a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw te sɛ ayamtu anaa asikreyare ho dwuma.
• Nya vaccination: Eyi ho hia yiye. Nnuru a wɔde bɔ ahurututu mu yare ne atiridii ho ban ma wonya ahobammɔ kɛse. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa fa nnuru a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban a ɛfata wo anaa w’abusua mufo ho.
• Kura nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a emu yɛ den denam apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a wobɛyɛ daa, aduan a ahoɔden wom, ne nna a ɛfata a wobɛda so.

Ahurututu mu Yare, Ahurututu mu Yare, Ɔfe, Ɔhome a Ɛyɛ Tiaa, Atiridiinini, Koko mu Ɛyaw, Ahurututu mu Nyarewa, Nirogi Lanka