So wopɛ nso sɛ wuhu nea Mast Cells yɛ ankasa? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm tiawa!

Ebia wontee din ‘Mast Cells’ no da, ɛnte saa? Nanso eyinom yɛ nkwammoaa bi a ɛho hia paa a ɛbɔ yɛn nipadua ho ban. Te sɛ awɛmfo nketewa a wɔwɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Nanso, ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ awɛmfo yi ani gye dodo kakra a, yɛkɔ ɔhaw mu. Ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka nea saa mast cells yi yɛ, sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ yɛn nipadua mu, ne tebea horow a ebetumi de aba no ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri, wɔ ɔkwan tiawa so.

Dɛn ne Mast Cells?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, mast cells yɛ asraafo titiriw wɔ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu . Wɔyɛ wɔn wɔ yɛn nnompe mu ntini mu . Afei wɔfa yɛn mogya mu kɔtra ntini ahorow mu wɔ nipadua no nyinaa mu. Te sɛ awɛmfo a wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ ɔman no mmeae ahorow no, saa mast cells yi gyina yɛn nipadua no afã horow, a wɔasiesie wɔn ho sɛ wɔbɛbɔ yɛn ho ban afi abɔnten so ahunahuna ho. Wotumi ko tia nyarewa ahorow na ɛboa ma yɛn nipadua akwaa ahorow no yɛ adwuma yiye.

Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa mast cells yi bɛyɛ nea ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban dodo na efi ase yɛ wɔn ade wɔ nneɛma a ɛnyɛ asiane biara mma yɛn ankasa ho. Sɛ wowɔ mmere mu akisikuru anaasɛ ayamtu a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew a, ade biako nti a ɛte saa ne mast cell dwumadi. Wɔ tebea horow bi a emu yɛ den mu no, mast cell a wɔde yɛ adwuma no betumi ama obi anya akisikuru a emu yɛ den mpofirim a wɔfrɛ no anaphylaxis . Enti ɛho hia sɛ wohu eyi.

Dɛn na mast cells yɛ yɛn nipadua?

Mast cells yɛ adwuma te sɛ yɛn nipadua no ‘ahɔho nhyehyɛe’ . Wɔbɔ yɛn nipadua ho ban fi abɔnten so ntua ho, te sɛ ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ mmoawa, mmoawa ne mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae , ne awuduru te sɛ ɔwɔ awuduru ne ntɛtea awuduru. Wɔko tia biribiara a wosusuw sɛ epira nso, sɛ ɛnyɛ saa mpo a. Ɛno ne bere a yɛn ho yɛ yɛn yaw .

Nea ɛnte sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ahorow pii no, mast cells nsɛe ɔyare mmoawa tẽẽ. Mmom no, wɔtra ase wɛn yɛn ntini ahorow no mu, twɛn sɛnkyerɛnne bi a ɛkyerɛ sɛ biribi a epira ahyɛn nipadua no mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na mast cells yɛ adwuma?

Fa no sɛ biribi a w’ani nnye ho, sɛ nhwɛso no, mfutuma, pollen, anaa aduan bi a wo ho nyɛ wo den no hyɛn wo nipadua mu. Nkwammoaa soronko foforo a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa mu a wɔfrɛ no B nkwammoaa no hu saa ntuafo yi. Sɛ wohu wie a, wofi ase yɛ protein soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no antibodies de ko tia. Wɔfrɛ nnuru pɔtee a ɛko tia nyarewa a wɔyɛ saa bere yi no Immunoglobulin E (IgE).Ka sɛ.

Saa IgE antibodies yi tu kwan ntɛmntɛm kɔ receptors pɔtee bi a ɛwɔ mast cells no ani, te sɛ ɔkraman nsateaa so na ɛbata ho. Bere foforo a ntuafo koro no ara (e.g. pollen, mfutuma) bɛsan aba nipadua no mu bio no, IgE a ɛwɔ mast cells no so no bɛkyere no.

Ɛno ne bere a mast cells no "yɛ adwuma." Ɛte sɛ nea wɔrebɔ ogya alarm.

Sɛ wɔma mast cells yɛ adwuma wɔ saa kwan yi so a, ɛma nnuru bi a wɔfrɛ no histamine ne nnuru afoforo pii a wɔde asie kotoku nketenkete (storage granules) mu wɔ saa nkwammoaa no mu no fi adi mpofirim. Wɔfrɛ eyi degranulation .

Saa histamines ne nnuru afoforo yi na ɛde akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne ba. Eyinom bi ne:

• Yɛn mogya ntini no trɛw, na nsu boaboa ano wɔ ntini a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no mu, na ɛma ɛhohoro . Eyi ma nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no tumi de ahopere kɔ baabi a ɔyare no wɔ no, na ɛde ntuafo no kɔ ntini a ɛma mogya tu no mu ma wɔsɛe wɔn.
• Mucus (phlegm) a ɛba no kɔ soro.
• Ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ yɛn ɔhome kwan ne yɛn yafunu mu nhyehyɛe (dwensɔtwaa) mu no twetwe na ɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛpia nneɛma a epira afi mu denam kankyee a ɛte sɛ asorɔkye (peristalsis) so.

Saa nneɛma yi betumi ama wo honam ani ayɛ kɔkɔɔ, ahonhon, na ayɛ wo yaw. Ebia wo hwene retu, wofefe, anaa wobɛfefe. Ɛtɔ da bi mpo a, ebia wo ho bɛtɔ wo anaa wobɛfe. Wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den yiye mu no, saa adeyɛ yi betumi ama mframa kwan no ahonhon, na ama ayɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhome, na ama mogya mmoroso so atew wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ hu so, na ɛno mpo betumi ama obi anya anaphylaxis a emu yɛ den, tebea a ɛde ne nkwa to asiane mu.

Mast nkwammoaa ne homeostasis

Wɔ akisikuru a ɛde ba akyi no, mast cells boa ma nneɛma ahorow a ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no kari pɛ, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛma ‘homeostasis’ tebea kɔ so . Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:

• Mogya ntini a enyin.
• Nnompe a enyin.
• Ɔhome mu nkwammoaa a enyin na wosiesie.

Ɛhe na mast cells wɔ yɛn nipadua mu?

Sɛ yɛde toto mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ahorow afoforo ho a, mast cells sua koraa wɔ yɛn mogya mu. Mpɛn pii no, yɛde yɛn ho to biribi a epira yɛn so denam home a yɛhome, di, anaa honam ani kuru bi so. Ɛno nti na wɔtaa hu mast cells wɔ:

• Wɔ yɛn home kwan ne yɛn ahurututu mu .
• Yɛn aduan mu nhyehyɛe (GI tract) (yafunu, dwensɔtwaa).

Nea ɛka ho no, saa mast cells yi nso wɔ yɛn mogya ntini ne yɛn ntini ahorow ho.

Dɛn ne mast cell afã horow?

Sɛ wofa mast cell a, ɛwɔ nucleus wɔ mfinimfini, a ɛyɛ "amemene" a ɛwɔ cell no mu. Nneɛma nketenkete ɔhaha pii a ɛte sɛ kotoku a wɔfrɛ no granules atwa saa nuklea yi ho ahyia .Ɛyɛ saa granules yi mu na wɔde nnuru a wɔde di dwuma (ntamgyinafo) ahorow sie. Saa abɔfo yi ne wɔn a wɔde nsɛnkyerɛnne kɔ nipadua no mu ma ɛyɛ ho biribi bere a biribi a epira ka ne ho no. Nnuru yi mu atitiriw bi ne:

• Histamine: Yɛaka eyi ho asɛm pɛn. Ɛtrɛw mogya ntini mu, na ɛma nsu ne nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no kɔ ntini ahorow mu. Ɛsan nso twetwe mframa kwan ne yafunu mu kwan no, na ɛma nsu a ɛyɛ nwini boa ma wɔpia ɔyare mmoawa no fi hɔ.
• Proteases: (Nhwɛso ahorow: tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase A). Proteases yɛ enzyme bi a ɛpaapae protein ahorow mu. Wɔboa ma ntini a ɛka bom no mu paapae, na ɛma nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no tumi du beae hɔ ntɛmntɛm.
• Cytokines/chemokines: Eyinom yɛ protein nketewa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛko tia nyarewa no nyɛ wɔn ho mfonini pii, ma mogya ntini "yɛ nnam" sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobetumi de nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no akɔ ntini ahorow mu, na wɔafa nkwammoaa a wɔde bɛhohoro na wɔasiesie mmeae a asɛe.
• Heparin: Eyi mma mogya ntumi nkɔ, enti ɛboa ma mogya ntini no bue.

Mast cell a ɛma nipadua no nya nkwaadɔm

Mast cells wɔ receptor ahorow pii wɔ wɔn ani. Eyinom yɛ protein ahorow a wɔayɛ no soronko. Te sɛ safe bi a ɛfata aponkɛse no, saa ntini ahorow yi ne protein afoforo a ɛma nsɛnkyerɛnne di nkitaho ma ɛma mast nkwammoaa no yɛ adwuma.

Eyinom mu no, IgE agyefo a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no ne nea wonim no yiye sen biara. Bio nso, mast cells nso wɔ receptors ma antibodies ahorow afoforo (e.g., Immunoglobulin G / IgG) ne nea ɛma wohu ɔyare mmoawa tẽẽ (e.g., Toll-like receptors).

Tebea horow bɛn na ɛtaa ba a ɛbata mast cells ho?

Tebea horow a yɛtaa hu sɛ ɛfa mast cells ho no bi ne:

• Nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho akisikuru (sɛ nhwɛso no, mfutuma, pollen, afieboa dander) .
• Akisikuru
• Aduan ho akisikuru
• Ɔhyew a Ɛyɛ Akisikuru/ Hives

Mast cell nyarewa a wɔntaa nhu

Nea ɛka ho no, tebea horow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛntaa nsi a ɛbata mast cells ho:

• Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS): Eyi yɛ tebea a, esiane ntease biara a ɛda adi nti, akisikuru anaa anaphylaxis ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ba mpɛn pii.
• Ɛtɔ da bi a, mast cells dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no kɔ soro dodo (Mastocytosis).
• Awosu mu alpha-tryptasemia / abusua mu hypertryptasemia:Eyi yɛ awosu mu tebea a ɛba bere a nipadua no wɔ enzyme bi a wɔfrɛ no tryptase a mast cells na ɛyɛ no dodow a ɛkɔ soro no. Nanso, nnipa pii a wɔwɔ saa awosu mu tebea yi nnya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛtaa ba wɔ mast cell yare ho?

Histamine a ɛba wɔ mast cell yare mu no betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Wora kɔla a ɛsakra, ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, anaasɛ ɛyɛ wo yaw.
• Nsu a ɛho ahonhon (edema) .
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Anaphylaxis a ɛsan ba bio .

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔyɛ de hu tebea horow yi?

Sɛ oduruyɛfo bi susuw sɛ wowɔ mast cell yare bi a, ebia wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ eyinom de ahwɛ sɛ wo mast cells no ayɛ adwuma anaa:

• Nsu mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Honam ani nhwehwɛmu.

Oduruyɛfo betumi ayɛ honam ani nhwehwɛmu anaa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu de ahu nea ɛkanyan no. Ɛtɔ da bi a, lab nso betumi ayɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu de ahwɛ sɛ ebia awosu mu tebea bi na ɛde wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba anaa.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa eyi?

Mast cell yare no ayaresa gyina wo sɛnkyerɛnne ne nea ɛde ba so. Ebia ayaresa no bi ne:

• Nneɛma a wonim sɛ ɛkanyan akisikuru a wɔbɛkwati .
• Nnuru a wɔde siw sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ano. Ebia eyinom bi ne nnuru a ekum histamine , nnuru a ɛtew acid so, ne nnuru a ɛsakra leukotriene (e.g., montelukast).
• Nneɛma a ɛma mast cell gyina pintinn. Saa nnuru yi siw nnuru te sɛ histamine a efi mast cells mu no ano.
• Nnuru a wɔde tew anaphylaxis so anaasɛ wɔde sa. Eyinom bi ne nnuru te sɛ epinephrine ne omalizumab .
• Cytoreductive therapy/nnuru a wɔde sa yare . Wɔ mastocytosis a emu yɛ den ho no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde nnuru a wɔde sa yare a wɔtaa de kum kokoram nkwammoaa di dwuma.

Enti, so mast cells ye anaasɛ enye?

Nnipa dodow no ara te mast cells ho asɛm bere a biribi anyɛ yiye wɔ wɔn so nkutoo, enti ebia wubesusuw sɛ mast cells yɛ ade bɔne. Nanso nokwarem no, wɔboa ma wɔbɔ yɛn nipadua ho ban fi ntuafo a wopira ho na wɔma yɛn akwaa ahorow no yɛ adwuma yiye. Enti, mpɛn pii no, wɔyɛ papa.

Fa no sɛ, siren ahorow bɔ. Ahobammɔ kuw no du baabi a asɛm no sii no. Wo mast cells no bɔ alarm no, na wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no tu mmirika gye da no. Wɔyɛ yɛn nipadua no ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe no fã titiriw. Nanso yɛtaa de yɛn adwene si mast cells so kɛse bere a wɔn ani agye wɔn adwuma ho dodo kakra no. Nanso ɛsan nso hyɛ yɛn ho banbɔ mu den na ɛboa ma yɛn mogya ntini ne yɛn akwaa ahorow no yɛ adwuma yiye. Enti, bere foforo a wobɛfefe, wo hwene mu ayɛ wo yaw, anaasɛ wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw kakra no, mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wobɛda wo mast cells ase wɔ wɔn ani a ɛda hɔ no ho!

Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae wɔ tiawa mu

Enti, ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi eyinom nyinaa mu ne sɛ mast cells yɛ sentinels nketewa a ɛho hia yiye wɔ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu. Wɔbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ne awuduru ahorow a efi abɔnten ho. Nanso, ɛtɔ da bi a sɛ wɔyɛ mmerɛw dodo kakra a, wotumi yɛ wɔn ade wɔ nneɛma a asiane biara nni ho ankasa ho, na wɔde tebea horow te sɛ akisikuru aba yɛn so.

Sɛ wotaa nya akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ honam ani a ɛyɛ wo yaw, akisikuru, hwene a ɛretu, ahurututu, anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome a, ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na woanya afotu a wunbu w’ani ngu so. Mma ɛnhaw wo, ayaresa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ nnɛ a ebetumi aboa ma woadi tebea horow yi pii so.

` Mast nkwammoaa, nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa, akisikuru, histamine, anaphylaxis, nkwammoaa dwumadi, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow