Momma yensua pii fa akisikuru (Rubeola) ho! Saa nneɛma yi ho hia wo ne w’abusua!

So woahu abofra ketewaa bi, anaa ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɔpanyin bi, a nsensanee kɔkɔɔ nketenkete wɔ wɔn nipadua nyinaa so na atiridiinini wɔ no pɛn? Ebetumi ayɛ akisikuru. Eyi nyɛ agoru, ɛyɛ yare a sɛ wɔanhwɛ so yiye a, ebetumi ayɛ asiane. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri nnɛ.

Dɛn ankasa ne akisikuru (Rubeola)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, akisikuru yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba kɛse . Ɛyɛ mmoawa bi a ɛka Morbillivirus abusua no ho na ɛde ba. Ɛma nsensanee ba nipadua no nyinaa so, ne sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ atiridiinini ne ɔfe. Nanso akisikuru nyɛ nsensanee kakraa bi pɛ. Ebetumi ama woayare kɛse, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ama woanya tebea horow a emu yɛ den te sɛ amemene mu yare , a ebetumi de wo nkwa ato asiane mu, anaa ahurututu mu yare . Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom akisikuru ma wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa nso yɛ mmerɛw, na ɛma wotumi nya nyarewa afoforo. Bere bi a atwam no, ansa na wɔrenya nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban no, na akisikuru kunkum nnipa ɔpepem pii wɔ wiase nyinaa. Wɔda so ara hu wɔ aman bi so. Ayaresa anaa aduru pɔtee biara nni hɔ a wɔde sa no.

Wɔsan frɛ akisikuru rubeola, nnafua 10 akisikuru, ne atiridii kɔkɔɔ. Nanso eyi nyɛ Germanfo akisikuru (Rubella), ɛyɛ yare a ɛda nsow.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na akisikuru no nya?

Akisikuru yɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare ba kɛse a ɛtrɛw fa mframa mu . Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ akisikuru home, ɔfefe, ɔfefe, anaa ɔkasa a, mmoawa nketenkete bi fi hɔ kɔ mframa mu. Saa mmoawa nketenkete yi tumi tra mframa mu kosi nnɔnhwerew abien bere a onipa a ɔwɔ akisikuru no afi dan no mu akyi. Wobetumi atra nneɛma te sɛ apon, nkongua, ne apon ano nso so. Sɛ wode wo nsa ka nneɛma a ɛtete saa na afei wode nsa koro ka w’ano, wo hwene, anaa w’ani a, wubetumi anya ɔyare no bi.

Eyinom ne akwan titiriw a wobetumi afa so atrɛw akisikuru no bi:

• Obi a ɔwɔ akisikuru a wobɛka ho. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ yɛbɛkasa, yɛbɛkyɛ aduan ne anonne, afew yɛn ho, akyea yɛn nsa, na yɛayɛ atuu.
• Sɛ wode wo nsa bɛka biribi anaa ade bi a mmoawa no wɔ so na afei wode nsa koro no ara aka w’ano, wo hwene, anaa w’ani.
• Sɛ ɛna a onyinsɛn wɔ akisikuru a, obetumi de akɔma ne ba bere a onyinsɛn, ɔrewo, anaa ɔrema nufu. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ vertical transmission.

Fa no sɛ, sɛ obiako a ɔwɔ akisikuru ba dan bi a nnipa du a wɔmfaa nnuru a wɔde ko tia akisikuru wom mu ba mu a, nnuruyɛfo ka sɛ saa du no mu akron wɔ hokwan kɛse sɛ wobenya akisikuru. Saa na ɛyɛ nea ɛde ɔyare no ba! Wubetumi anya obi fi nnanan ansa na woanya akisikuru no kosi nnanan akyi bere a akisikuru no ada adi.

Dɛn ne akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne no nna adi prɛko pɛ. Wɔba nkakrankakra. Ebia wubehu nneɛma a ɛte sɛɛ mfiase no:

• Merenya atiridiinini kɛse .
• Ɔfe a ɛyɛ barky reba.
• Aniwa yɛ kɔkɔɔ, anaasɛ nusu fi aniwa no mu (aniwa kɔkɔɔ anaa mogya ayɛ).
• Hwene a ɛretu.
• Mete nka sɛ mabrɛ paa.
• Nsonsonoe nketenkete kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ mfinimfini fitaa (a wɔfrɛ no Koplik nsensanee) betumi apue wɔ ano no mu ne afono so. Mpɛn pii no, saa nsensanee yi pue wɔ nnansa kosi nnansa ntam na ɛyera bere a nsensanee afoforo a ɛwɔ nipadua no so fi ase pue no.
• Afei akisikuru no fi ase pue wɔ nipadua no nyinaa so .
• Nnipa binom betumi anya aduan mu sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ yafunu a ɛyɛ yaw, akisikuru, ne ɔfe.
• Me menewa yɛ me yaw.
• Nipadua mu yaw ne tiyɛ nso betumi aba.

Nea edi kan no, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ atiridiinini, ɔfe, hwene a ɛretu, ne aniwa kɔkɔɔ da adi. Ɛyɛ nna abien kosi abiɛsa akyi nkutoo na nea wɔfrɛ no ``Koplik nsensanee'' no pue wɔ ano no mu. Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ nipadua no so no fi ase da adi akyiri yi mpo, bɛyɛ nnansa kosi anum wɔ bere a yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan no afi ase no akyi. Sɛ nsensanee no pue a, atiridii no tumi san ba.

Akisikuru ho nsensanee te dɛn?

Mpɛn pii no, akisikuru no fi ase wɔ anim. Wɔda adi sɛ mmeae a ɛyɛ tratraa. Sɛ wo honam ani yɛ hare a, ɛbɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ. Sɛ wo honam ani yɛ tuntum a, ebia ɛbɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ anaasɛ ɛyɛ tuntum asen honam ani hwɛbea a atwa wo ho ahyia no. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wubehu wɔn yiye.

Afei saa nsensanee yi trɛw kɔɔ kɔn, koko, akyi, nsa, nan, ne nan ase. Bere a wɔtrɛw no, ebia nsensanee bi bɛka abom na ayɛ akɛse. Wɔ mmeae bi no, ebia wɔama so te sɛ akuturuku, na wɔ mmeae bi no, wobetumi ayɛ petee. Nanso, mpɛn pii no, saa nsensanee yi nwe .

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse sɛ obenya akisikuru?

Nnipa binom taa nya ɔhaw ahorow a emu yɛ den fi akisikuru mu. Eyinom bi ne:

• Nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 20 ne mmofra a wonnii mfe 5.
• Ɛnanom a wɔyem.
• Nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw no ``immunocompromised.`` Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔrenom nnuru a wɔde sa nyarewa te sɛ kokoram, wɔanya HIV, anaasɛ wɔn tumi a wɔde ko tia nyarewa no so atew esiane nneɛma afoforo nti.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a asiane wom a ebetumi aba esiane akisikuru nti?

Bere a nsɛnnennen bi a efi akisikuru mu ba no yɛ nketenkete no, afoforo betumi ayɛ nea anibere wom na ɛde nkwa ato asiane mu. Hwɛ eyinom:

• Aso mu nyarewa.
• Nsu a ɛtɔ esiane atiridiinini a emu yɛ den nti.
• Ahurututu mu yare.
• Ahurututu mu yare.
• Ahurututu mu yare : Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛma mmofra nkumaa wuwu esiane akisikuru nti.
• Aniwa a ɛyera (Anifurae).
• Amemene no a ɛho ahonhon anaasɛ ɛyɛ hyew (amemene mu yare) . Eyi betumi ama amemene no asɛe daa, na ɛntaa mma sɛ obewu mpo.
• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛntaa nsi nanso ekum ntini mu yare. Ebetumi aba wɔ akisikuru akyi mfe pii.
• Measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE) yɛ amemene mu ɔyare a ɛma obi ho hyehye no. Eyi nso betumi aba nna anaa mfe pii wɔ akisikuru akyi. Nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw titiriw na wɔwɔ asiane mu.
• Awiei koraa no, owu mpo betumi aba.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, sɛ wunya akisikuru bere a wonyinsɛn a, ebia wɔbɛwo wo ba no ntɛm anaasɛ ne mu duru sua wɔ awo mu .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu sɛ obi anya akisikuru?

Oduruyɛfo betumi agyina w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu, ne sɛnea akisikuru no te so besusuw sɛ wowɔ akisikuru. Nanso, ebia wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow te sɛ eyinom nso de ahwɛ ahu:

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu .
• Nsuo a wɔayi afiri wo hwene anaa wo menewa mu (swabs a ɛfiri wo hwene anaa wo menewa mu) a wobɛsɔ ahwɛ.
• Nsu mu nhwehwɛmu .

So aduru bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa akisikuru?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, aduru anaa ayaresa pɔtee biara nni hɔ a ebetumi asa akisikuru koraa .

Nanso sɛ wɔde wo kɔ ayaresabea a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo vitamin A na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubehyia ɔhaw ahorow a emu yɛ den no so atew. Nanso, ɛnsɛ sɛ w’ankasa wonom vitamin A a oduruyɛfo nhwɛ wo so. Vitamin A a wobɛnom pii no betumi de tebea bi a emu yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no vitamin A awuduru aba, na ebetumi asɛe wo mu akwaa ahorow. Vitamin A nsa akisikuru anaasɛ ɛmma ɛnnya.

Bere tenten ahe na akisikuru di?

Sɛ wunni ɔhaw foforo biara a, akisikuru taa di bɛyɛ nnafua 10 kosi 14.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo bɛkasa wɔ nsɛm te sɛ eyinom mu:

• Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa fa vaccine no ho a.
• Sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia wo ne obi a ɔwɔ akisikuru (ebia wo duruyɛfo betumi ama wo immunoglobulin (antibody) ayaresa na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya yare no so atew).
• Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wohwɛ wo akisikuru antibody dodow (antibody `titers`) hwɛ sɛ wowɔ ahoɔden a ɛko tia akisikuru anaa.

Ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a:

• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome a.
• Sɛ wowɔ koko mu yaw a.
• Sɛ w’ani yɛ hann dodo a (Sensitivity to light).
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo kɔn ayɛ den a.
• Sɛ wowɔ tiyɛ bɔne a.
• Sɛ adwene mu naayɛ wɔ hɔ a.
• Sɛ wofe pii anaasɛ wo ho ayɛ wo hyew a.

Sɛ wunya akisikuru a, dɛn na ɛba?

Akisikuru betumi ama woayare paa. Wobu akontaa sɛ nnipa baanum biara a wonya akisikuru no mu bɛyɛ baanu behia sɛ wɔde wɔn kɔ ayaresabea .

Sɛ wo ho tɔ wo mpo a, ebia ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubenya nyarewa afoforo. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ akisikuru betumi asɛe nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa mu a ɛkae sɛnea wo nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a atwam no. Wɔfrɛ eyi ‘immune amnesia’ .

Afei nso, nsɛnnennen a ɛde wo nkwa to asiane mu betumi aba wɔ akisikuru akyi asram anaa mfe pii, titiriw sɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw a.

Sɛ mewɔ akisikuru a, so ɛsɛ sɛ metwe me ho fi afoforo ho?

Yiw, koraa. Ɛsɛ sɛ wotwe wo ho fi nnipa afoforo ho anyɛ yiye koraa no nnanan bere a woanya akisikuru na akisikuru no ada adi akyi. Ɛsɛ sɛ wohyɛ N95 akataso. Afei nso, ɛsɛ sɛ nnuruyɛfo, ayarehwɛfo, ne nnipa afoforo a wɔsa wo yare no hyɛ N95 akataso. Bisa wo duruyɛfo bere a wubetumi akɔ adwuma anaa sukuu ne bere a wubetumi ne afoforo abɔ fekuw.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi ayi akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne afi hɔ wɔ fie?

Sɛ wo anaa wo ba nya akisikuru a, bisa wo duruyɛfo akwan a ahobammɔ wom a wobɛfa so adi wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma wɔ fie. Ebia ɔhyɛ nyansa wɔ nneɛma te sɛ:

• Fa acetaminophen (te sɛ paracetamol) anaa nnuru a ɛnyɛ steroid a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa (NSAIDs) (te sɛ ibuprofen) ma nipadua mu yaw ne atiridiinini.
• Gye w’ahome yiye.
• Nom nsu pii te sɛ nsu ne nnuaba mu nsu.
• Fa nkyene nsu gu gargle na ama wo menewa adwo.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn atumi abɔ wo ho ban afi akisikuru ho?

Ɔkwan a eye sen biara na etu mpɔn sen biara a wobɛfa so abɔ wo ho ban afi akisikuru ho ne sɛ wubenya akisikuru aduru no . Sɛ wobɛbɔ wo ho ban koraa a, ɛsɛ sɛ woanya nnuru abien yi mu biako dodow abien no nyinaa:

• Akisikuru, akisikuru, ne rubella aduru (MMR vaccine) no.
• Nnuru a wɔde sa akisikuru, akisikuru, rubella, ne akisikuru (MMRV vaccine).

Nnipa pii nya MMR anaa MMRV vaccine no bere a wɔyɛ mmofra. Nanso wubetumi nso anya vaccine no bere a woanyin no.

So wubetumi anya akisikuru bere a woanya nnuru a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban no mpo?

Sɛ woama wo nnuru abien no nyinaa yiye a, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya akisikuru no sua koraa . Nanso sɛ woanya nnuru biako pɛ a, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubesiw yare no ano no sua mpo.

Bere bi a atwam no, wɔ aman a wɔanya nkɔso bi mpo mu no, na akisikuru yɛ mmofraberem yare a abu so. Esiane ɔmanfo akwahosan ho nhyehyɛe ahorow nti, mprempren wɔayi yare no afi hɔ kɛse wɔ saa aman no mu (a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛntrɛw bio). Nanso, nnipa da so ara wɔ hɔ na akisikuru rewuwu. Sɛ nkurɔfo gyae akisikuru aduru no a, yare no betumi afi ase atrɛw ntɛmntɛm wɔ wiase nyinaa bio. Sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia woahyia obi a ɔwɔ akisikuru a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Obetumi akyerɛ wo sɛnea wubedi wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma ne nea wubetumi ayɛ de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya yare a emu yɛ den so, sɛ ebi wɔ hɔ a.

Dɛn ne ade a ɛho hia paa a yɛpɛ sɛ yɛde kɔ fie fi saa asɛm yi mu?

Me nnamfonom, akisikuru nyɛ yare a ɛsɛ sɛ wobu no adewa. Ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba kɛse a ebetumi de nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den aba. Nea eye ne sɛ, aduru bi wɔ hɔ a etu mpɔn yiye (`MMR vaccine` anaa `MMRV vaccine`) a ɛbɔ ho ban fi ho. Sɛ wo anaa wo mma nnyaa saa vaccine yi a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfoɔ afotuo na woanya.

Sɛ wowɔ akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne, anaasɛ wo ne obi a ɔwɔ akisikuru adi nkitaho a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara . Sɛ wonya ayaresa ntɛm ne afotu a ɛfata a, wo ne wɔn a wɔatwa wo ho ahyia no betumi abɔ wo ho ne afoforo ho ban afi yare yi ho. Kae sɛ akwahosan ne agyapade a ɛsen biara!

` Akisikuru, Rubeola, Akisikuru Nsɛnkyerɛnne, Akisikuru a Wɔde Kɔma, Akisikuru Vaccine, MMR Vaccine, Mmofra Ayaresa