So ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa betumi ayɛ nsamanwaw (TB) ho sɛnkyerɛnne? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, yɛfefe a ɛtra hɔ adapɛn pii, nanso yɛmfa yɛn adwene nsi so kɛse, ɛnte saa? Ebia yebesusuw sɛ, "Eyi yɛ ɔfe ara kwa," nanso ebetumi ayɛ biribi a anibere wom kɛse ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Enti, yare biako a akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ so ne nsamanwaw , anaa TB sɛnea yɛn nyinaa nim no. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka yare yi ho asɛm wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu.

Dɛn ne nsamanwaw (TB)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nsamanwaw yɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba. Ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi a wɔfrɛ no `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)` na ɛde ba. Saa yare yi ka yɛn ahurututu titiriw . Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɔyare mmoawa yi tumi trɛw kɔ nipadua no afã afoforo a ɛwɔ ahurututu no akyi, sɛ nhwɛso no, amemene, akyi berɛmo , ne asaabo.

Bere bi a atwam no, saa yare yi kunkum nnipa pii wɔ wiase nyinaa. Ɛwom mpo sɛ ayaresa a ɛkɔ akyiri wɔ hɔ nnɛ de, nanso ɛda so ara yɛ akwahosan ho haw titiriw wɔ aman te sɛ Sri Lanka mu. Nnipa a wɔwɔ nyarewa te sɛ HIV /AIDS, anaasɛ wɔn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw esiane nneɛma afoforo nti, na wɔwɔ asiane mu titiriw sɛ wobenya nsamanwaw. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ wɔn nipadua ntumi nko ntia saa mmoawa yi.

Nneɛma atitiriw bɛn na ɛma obi nya nsamanwaw?

Sɛ nsamanwaw mmoawa no hyɛn nipadua no mu a, ɛnyɛ obiara na ɔyare prɛko pɛ. Eyi fã ahorow wɔ hɔ. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

So wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi nso?

TB a ahintaw mfa sɛnkyerɛnne biara mma na wobetumi ahu denam honam ani nhwehwɛmu anaa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu nkutoo so.

Nanso, TB a ɛyɛ nnam ho sɛnkyerɛnne da adi.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba wɔ mpanyimfo mu:

• Ɔfe a ɛtra hɔ bɛboro adapɛn 3
• Mogya a wɔde ɔfe a ɛyɛ nwini
• Koko mu yaw
• Mu duru a ɛso tew ne aduan ho akɔnnɔ a ɛso tew a ntease biara nnim
• Ɔbrɛ a ɛkɔ so daa
• Atiridiinini a ɛba fam
• Fifiri a ɛboro so , titiriw anadwo
• Awɔw a ɛyɛ nwini

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ mmofra nkumaa ne nkokoaa mu:

Ebia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛwɔ mmofra nkumaa mu no bɛyɛ soronko kakra.

• Mu duru a ɛso tew anaasɛ mu duru a ɛnkɔ soro
• Atiridiinini a ɛkɔ so daa
• Dwumadi a ɛso tew, adwenemhaw a wɔte nka bere nyinaa
• Wɔ nkokoaa mu no, "beae a ɛyɛ mmerɛw" a ɛwɔ ti no atifi no yɛ kɛse.
• Mpɛn pii a obi su, ɛyɛ den sɛ obedidi anaa ɔbɛnom nufusu

Sɛ wo anaa wo ba no wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi a, yɛsrɛ sɛ mmu w’ani ngu so na kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Titiriw sɛ wo koko mu yaw a, ebetumi ayɛ nea egye ntɛmpɛ na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea Dwumadibea a Ɛhwɛ Ntɛmntɛm (ETU) ntɛm ara.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔde nsamanwaw kɔ nnipa mu? Na ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔmfa nkɔ?

Eyi yɛ ɔhaw a nnipa pii wɔ. Nsamanwaw nam mframa mu trɛw , te sɛ atiridii anaa atiridiinini ara pɛ.

Fa no sɛ, sɛ obi a ɔwɔ nsamanwaw a ɛyɛ nnam ɔfe, ɔfefe, ɔkasa, anaa ɔserew a, nsu nketenkete a mmoawa a efi wɔn ɔhome akwaa mu wom no hyɛn mframa mu. Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden home saa mframa no a, wɔn nso betumi anya yare no bi.

Ɛno nti na yɛka sɛ asiane wom sɛ wo ne obi a ɔwɔ nsamanwaw a ɛyɛ nnam bɛtra dan koro mu dodo, wɔ baabi a mframa ntumi nkɔ mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya nsamanwaw?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, obedi kan abisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, ahwehwɛ wo mu, na afei ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii na ama woahu nsamanwaw.

1. Skin test (Mantoux Tuberculin Skin Test): Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wode nsu kakraa bi bɛhyɛ wo nsa ho were ase. Nnafua 2-3 akyi no, wɔhwɛ baabi a ɛho ahonhon anaa. Ebia saa nhwehwɛmu yi yɛ papa esiane BCG vaccine a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔde ma obiara a ɔwɔ Sri Lanka bere a wɔawo no nti. Enti, eyi nkutoo ntumi nsi yare no so dua.

2. Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu (IGRA Test): Eyi yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no `(Interferon-Gamma Release Assays)`. Eyi nnya nkɛntɛnso wɔ `BCG` vaccine no mu.

3. Chest X-ray: Sɛ atifi hɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow no da adi sɛ ɛyɛ papa a, chest X-ray ne nhwehwɛmu a edi hɔ. Eyi betumi ahwehwɛ nsakrae wɔ ahurututu no mu sɛ nsamanwaw a ɛyɛ nnam wɔ hɔ a.

4. Sputum Test: Eyi ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara na ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ a wɔfa so si TB a ɛyɛ nnam so dua. Wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ ahurututu kakraa bi a wɔfa anɔpa mu de hu tẽẽ sɛ TB mmoawa wɔ hɔ.

Dɛn ne nsamanwaw ano aduru?

Asɛmpa a eye sen biara ni: nsamanwaw yɛ nea wotumi sa koraa!

Ɛno nti, ɛsɛ sɛ wonom nnuru pii a ekum ɔyare mmoawa bom bere tenten.

• Wɔ TB a ahintaw ho no:Ɛho behia sɛ wonom nnuru asram 3 anaa nea ɛboro saa na amma yare no ankɔ so ayɛ adwuma.
• Wɔ TB a ɛyɛ nnam ho: Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔnom nnuru ahorow pii bere nyinaa anyɛ yiye koraa no asram 6 . Wobetumi atrɛw ayaresa bere no mu akodu asram 9-12 a egyina yare no tebea so.

Mpɛn pii no, wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu de ahwɛ sɛ mmerɛbo mu haw bi wɔ hɔ bere a wɔreyɛ ayaresa no. Sɛ wunya ɔhaw biara a efi aduru no mu ba (sɛ nhwɛso no, w’aniwa a ɛsakra, wo honam ani yɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɔfe) a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara a wunnyae aduru no.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn atumi abɔ wo ho ban afi nsamanwaw ho?

• Sɛ wowɔ TB a ɛyɛ nnam a: Twe wo ho fi nnipa afoforo ho adapɛn kakraa a edi kan bere a woafi ayaresa ase no. Da dan a ɛyɛ soronko mu. Fa ntini kata w’ano ne wo hwene so bere a worefe anaa worefefe no. Sɛ wokɔ baguam a, hyɛ oprehyɛn akataso. Ma mfɛnsere bue na ama mframa pa akɔ mu.
• Sɛ wowɔ TB a ahintaw a: Fa aduru a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo no sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Eyi remma anyɛ nnam.
• BCG vaccine: Wɔma akokoaa biara a ɔwɔ Sri Lanka BCG vaccine no bere a wɔawo no. Eyi bɔ mmofra ho ban fi nsamanwaw a emu yɛ den ho (e.g. TB meningitis).