W’adwene mu akwahosan te dɛn? - Momma yensua Adwene mu Gyinabea Sɔhwɛ no ho ade!

So woate ‘Adwene mu Gyinabea Sɔhwɛ’ ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia wo duruyɛfo no de wo akɔma obiako. Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia yiye. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛyɛ ne sɛnea wɔyɛ no, wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den so.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne Adwene mu Gyinabea Sɔhwɛ yi?

Fa no sɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔreyɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu de ahu yare bi (`nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu`), eyi te sɛ nea ɛte saa ara, nanso eyi hwɛ w’adwene akwahosan ne dwumadi . Ɛne sɛ, nnuruyɛfo hwɛ sɛnea wusua nneɛma yiye na wote nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia ase (`adwene mu tumi`). Wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo no hwɛ wo, bisa wo nsɛm. Wɔnam eyi so hwehwɛ nneɛma a edidi so yi a ɛfa wo ho:

• Sɛnea ɛte ne suban a ɛwɔ nnipa nyinaa mu.
• Suban ne sɛnea obi keka ne ho.
• Sɛnea wohu nneɛma (Perceptions).
• Adwene ne nkɛntɛnso.
• Adwene mu dwumadi (`Nhumu`) te sɛ adwene a wɔde si biribi so, nkae, nsusuwii tumi, ne gyinaesi tumi.

Ɛwom sɛ eyi betumi ayɛ te sɛ ``nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu`` a adwenemyare ho animdefo yɛ de, nanso oduruyɛfo biara betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi ankasa. Saa ``Mental Status Exam`` yi yɛ mmoa kɛseɛ wɔ adwenemyareɛ ahodoɔ (te sɛ ``Schizophrenia`` anaa dadwen yareɛ) ne ntini mu nyarewa (te sɛ ``Alzheimer yareɛ`` anaa ``Parkinson yareɛ``) a wɔhunu na wɔhwɛ so.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi?

Mpɛn pii no, sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn, anaasɛ worekɔyɛ ayaresa a edi akyi a, ɛda adi sɛ nnuruyɛfo bɛyɛ saa ``Adwene mu Gyinabea Nhwehwɛmu.'' Nea ebefi mu aba no bɛboa wɔn ma wɔate nhwehwɛmu foforo a wuhia ne ayaresa ahorow a ɛfata ase.

Nanso adeɛ baako a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae ne sɛ saa `Mental Status Exam` yi yɛ `subjective assessment` a ɛbɛtumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho . Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, wɔ onipa koro mpo fam no, nnuruyɛfo ahorow betumi anya nsɛm a ɛsono emu biara. Afei nso, oduruyɛfo no nimdeɛ nso ka eyi.

Nnuruyɛfo bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobesusuw nneɛma pii ho bere a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi, efisɛ saa nneɛma yi betumi aka sɛnea wo nhwehwɛmu no yɛ adwuma:

• Wo amammerɛ.
• Wo kurom kasa.
• Wo nhomasua gyinabea ne akenkan ho nimdeɛ.
• Tebea afoforo a ɛhaw adwene te sɛ nna a wontumi nna, ɔkɔm, ɛyaw.

Afei nso, nnuruyɛfo nnyina nea efi saa `Adwene mu Gyinabea Nhwehwɛmu` yi mu bae so nko na wɔde hwehwɛ yare no mu . Wosusuw nneɛma afoforo pii nso ho. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Wo mprempren ayaresa tebea no ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri.
• Wo kan adwenemyare ho abakɔsɛm.
• Wo aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm a atwam.
• Nnubɔne a wɔde di dwuma ho abakɔsɛm.
• Asetra mu nsɛm tebea.
• Nipadua mu sɔhwɛ.
• Ntini mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Nhwehwɛmu a efi mu ba te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu.

Dɛn na ɛka sɔhwɛ yi ho?

Nnuruyɛfo de nhwɛso ne nsɛmmisa nyinaa di dwuma wɔ ``Adwene mu Gyinabea Sɔhwɛ mu.'' Wɔnam saa nhyehyɛe yi so sɔ w'adwene tumi afã horow hwɛ. Yebetumi akyekyɛ eyinom mu akuw atitiriw pii.

Oduruyɛfo Nsɛm a Ɔhwɛ

Nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wo duruyɛfo betumi asusuw ho ntɛm denam wo a ɔbɛhwɛ so. Eyinom bi ne:

• Sɛnea ɛte: Oduruyɛfo no bɛhyɛ nneɛma te sɛ w’ahotew, sɛ ebia wo honam ani hwɛbea ne mfe a woaka no hyia, ne sɛ ebia akuru anaa akuru bi a wotumi hu wɔ hɔ no nsow.
• Suban: Wɔhwɛ nneɛma te sɛ sɛnea wo ho yeraw wo, sɛnea woyɛ biako, sɛ ebia wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ biara, ne nea ɛkeka ho Wɔhwɛ nea enti a wowɔ ayaresabea ne sɛ ebia woreyɛ w’ade sɛnea wɔhwɛ kwan wɔ tebea a ɛte sɛɛ mu nso.
• Motor activity / movements: Adwene, ntini mu nkɔso, ne ntini mu tebea horow bi betumi ama obi anya kankyee a ɛnteɛ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma a wɔyɛ boro so, ahopopo, tics, kateeyɛ, ne Parkinsonism.
• Ɔkasa: Wɔ sɔhwɛ no nyinaa mu no, oduruyɛfo no bɛhyɛ sɛnea wokasa ne sɛnea woka wo nsɛm bom no nsow. Wɔbɛhwɛ ahoɔhare, sɛnea wo nne bɔ, sɛnea wo nne yɛ den, ne ɛnne nso. Ebia wɔbɛhwɛ nso sɛ ebia wowɔ kasa mu nsɛnnennen bi, te sɛ nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so (dysarthria).
• Aka: Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛnyɛ kasa mu de no. Ebia wɔde nsɛmfua te sɛ anigye, awerɛhow, abufuw, adwenemhaw, dadwen, anaa anigye bedi dwuma. Wɔbɛhwɛ nso sɛ ebia wo nkate mu nsɛm ne wo nkate a woaka no hyia anaa.
• Adwene ho nhyehyɛe: Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ sɛnea wɔahyehyɛ w’adwene. Wɔka adwene a ɛkɔ so daa ho asɛm sɛ ɛyɛ tẽẽ na ɛwɔ atirimpɔw. Sɛ wo nsusuwii nyɛ nea ɛkɔ so daa a, ebia w’adwene akɔda tebea pɔtee bi mu. Ebia worenhu mfonini no nyinaa. Anaasɛ ebia worenya nea ebinom frɛ no ``adwene a ɛretu.''

Nsɛmmisa a ɛsɛ sɛ wobisa wo

Nnuruyɛfo bisa nsɛm tẽẽ de sɔ w’adwene mu tumi afã horow bi hwɛ. Wɔde nsɛmmisa yi betumi asusuw ho sɛ:

• Adwene: Oduruyɛfo no bisa wo sɛnea wote nka na ɔhyɛ mmuae a wode mae no nsow.
• Nea woredwen ho: Nea woredwen ho (sɛ nhwɛso no, nea wususuw wɔ biribi pɔtee bi hoOduruyɛfo no bɛsɔ wo ahwɛ denam wo a obetie wo na wabisa wo nsɛm tẽẽ no so. Titiriw no, wɔbɛhwɛ sɛ ebia adwene a ɛne sɛ wobekum wɔn ho, afoforo a wobekum wɔn ho adwene, ne nsusuwii hunu bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Sɛnea wuhu wiase a atwa wo ho ahyia no: Oduruyɛfo no bebisa nneɛma a wote nka (te, wote nka, wuhu, wote hua, woka) wɔ baabi a atwa wo ho ahyia no ho asɛm. Wobisa eyi titiriw de hwɛ sɛ ebia worenya nsusuwii hunu anaa.
• Nhumu: Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea wote wo ho ase ne sɛnea woyɛ adwuma wɔ wiase a atwa wo ho ahyia no mu . Oduruyɛfo no susuw eyi ho denam wo a otie na obisa nsɛm so. Wɔbɛka wo nhumu ho asɛm sɛ eye, ɛteɛ, anohyeto, anaa ɛnyɛ papa. Wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu nso sɛ ebia ɛresɛe anaasɛ ɛreyɛ papa sen kan no.
• Atemmu: Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea wubetumi asi gyinae pa. Nnuruyɛfo susuw eyi ho denam bisa a wobisa wo sɛnea woyɛ wɔ tebea horow bi mu no so. Ɛsan nso gyina w’abakɔsɛm so — sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ ebia wonom wo nnuru no wɔ bere ano anaa.

Wo nhumu a wobɛsɔ ahwɛ

Adwene mu Gyinabea Sɔhwɛ no fã titiriw ne adwene mu tumi ahorow (`adwene`) nhwehwɛmu. Wɔakyekyɛ saa `nhumu` kuw yi mu bio ayɛ no afã horow pii:

• Anigye: Eyi ne nhumu dodow a wowɔ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wobɛda na woayɛ ho biribi, wowɔ tebea a ɛyɛ fã bi (`stupor`), anaasɛ wowɔ tebea a ɛyɛ `coma` mu.
• Ɔkwankyerɛ: Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea wunim tebea ne nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia no. Ebia oduruyɛfo no bebisa wo sɛ wunim wo din, baabi a wowɔ (a kurow, ɔmantam ka ho), ne da a wowɔ no.
• Adwene a wode si biribi so na wode w’adwene si biribi so: Nnuruyɛfo bɛhwɛ sɛnea wode w’adwene si nsɛm a wobisa wo no so yiye. Ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo nso sɛ yɛ nnwuma bi a wode bɛsɔ w’adwene ahwɛ tẽẽ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ bɔ wo nsam bere biara a wobɛte nkyerɛwde pɔtee bi afi nkyerɛwde a wɔahyehyɛ a wɔanhyɛ da ayɛ mu.
• Nkae: Oduruyɛfo no betumi asɔ nkae ahorow ahwɛ. Eyinom bi ne nkae a wɔkae ntɛm ara, nkae a wɔkae nnansa yi, ne nkae a wɔde bere tenten kae. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ ka asɛm bi a wɔkae no bio. Ebia wobebisa wo nneɛma te sɛ ntoaso sukuu ko a wokɔɔ ne baabi a wɔwoo wo nso.
• Nsusuwii a enni adwene: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛnea wubetumi ate ntease ne nsusuwii ahorow ase. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia oduruyɛfo no bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ kyerɛkyerɛ nea nneɛma abien yɛ pɛ mu, anaa asɛm bi a wɔtaa ka mu.

Dɛn na nea efii sɔhwɛ yi mu bae no ka?

Sɛ wowie sɔhwɛ no a, oduruyɛfo no bɛsan ahwɛ nea woakyerɛw afa nea wohui ne sɛnea wubuaa wɔn nsɛmmisa no mu. Afei, sɛ wɔka saa nsɛm a wɔahu ne mmuae ahorow yi nyinaa bom a, wobetumi ahwɛ sɛ ebia ɛkyerɛ ɔhaw pɔtee bi anaa.

Fa no sɛ, sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛwie adwene anaa suban mu nnwuma mmienu mpo a, ɛbɛtumi akyerɛ sɛ woahu yareɛ te sɛ `Mild Cognitive Impairment` anaa `(Dementia)`.

Sɛ woka sɛ worehyia nsusuwii hunu a, ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ wowɔ adwenemyare te sɛ adwenemhaw a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so, tebea bi te sɛ adwenemhaw, anaa ntini mu yare te sɛ Parkinson yare.

Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi nso boa nnuruyɛfo ma wɔhwɛ sɛnea ntini mu yare ahorow no nyin.

Nnuruyɛfo taa de saa nsɛm yi ka w’aduruyɛ ho kyerɛwtohɔ ho.

Sɛ nea efi mu ba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi?

Sɛ nea efii saa ``Adwene mu Gyinabea Sɔhwɛ`` yi mu ba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, wo duruyɛfo betumi abisa nsɛm pii de asua pii afa w'ayaresa ne w'adwene mu akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ woanda yiye nnansa a, ebetumi akyerɛkyerɛ nea enti a ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wode w’adwene besi w’adwene so na wode w’adwene akɔ so pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Ebia wo duruyɛfo nso bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ aduruyɛdan mu de hwɛ sɛ ebia nipadua mu tebea bi na ɛde wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no reba anaa. Ebia sɔhwɛ ahorow yi bi ne:

• Mogya mu glucose nhwehwɛmu: Asikre dodow a ɛkɔ soro (hyperglycemia) anaa nea ɛba fam (hypoglycemia) betumi aka w’adwene mu tumi.
• Mogya mu urea nitrogen (BUN) nhwehwɛmu: Uremia betumi ama obi abrɛ na wayɛ basaa.
• Nsuo mu nhwehwɛmu: Nsuo mu yareɛ (UTI) betumi ama adwene ne suban mu nsakrae aba.
• Thyroid hormone nhwehwɛmu: Hyperthyroidism betumi ama obi ayɛ basaa, bere a hypothyroidism betumi ama obi anya adwenemhaw.

Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wobetumi nso ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ sɔhwɛ afoforo te sɛ:

• Mfoniniyɛ sɔhwɛ te sɛ `(PET scan)` anaa `(Brain MRI)`.
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) nhwehwɛmu.
• Amemene mu nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu.

Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea efii nhwehwɛmu no mu bae mu akyerɛ wo, na afei wo ne no bɛbom asi nea mobɛyɛ akyi.

Awiei koraa no, nea ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Saa ``Mental Status Exam`` yi yɛ adwinnadeɛ a ɛho hia paa a nnuruyɛfoɔ de hwɛ w'adwene mu tumi, kyerɛ sɛ, wo nyansa, wo adwene, wo suban, ne ɔkwan a wofa so hu nneɛma. Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi betumi akyerɛ wo adwene anaa ntini mu yare biara a ebia wowɔ.Nanso, ɛda adi sɛ ebehia sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo na ama woahu sɛ wowɔ wo yare bi. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa nea efi `Mental Status Exam` mu ba ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa. Wo duruyɛfo wɔ hɔ sɛ ɔbɛboa wo.

` Adwene mu Gyinabea Sɔhwɛ, Adwene mu Akwahosan, Adwene mu Tumi, Adwene, Suban, Ntini mu Yare