So yenim ɔhome mu yare a wɔfrɛ no MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) yi?

Ebia wontee MERS ho asɛm da. Nanso seesei, ɛnam COVID-19 yareɛ no nti, yɛn nyinaa nim coronavirus yie. MERS nso yɛ coronavirus abusua no muni, nanso ɛyɛ soronko kakra, ɛtɔ da bi a ɛyɛ ɔhome mu yareɛ a emu yɛ den paa. Enti, ɛfata sɛ wusua ho ade kakra ma wo ne w’abusua, ɛnte saa? Momma yɛnka ho asɛm tiawa.

Dɛn ne MERS?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, MERS yɛ yare a emu nyɛ den, emu yɛ den, na ɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛhome a ɛka yɛn ahurututu. Ɛyɛ mmoawa pɔtee bi a wɔfrɛ no Coronavirus na ɛde ba . Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wɔfrɛ mmoawa no `MERS-CoV` (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus). Wɔdii kan bɔɔ saa yareɛ yi ho amanneɛ kyerɛɛ wiase wɔ afe 2012 mu wɔ Saudi Arabia. Ɛno nti na wɔfrɛ no "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome" no.

Momma yɛnsua Coronaviruses ho ade kakra

Seesei ebia woresusuw ho sɛ dɛn ne coronavirus yi ne nea enti a ɛyɛ hu saa. Nokwarem no, coronavirus nyɛ mmoawa biako, na mmom ɛyɛ mmoawa kuw kɛse. Wɔtaa nya nnomaa, anaa mmoa a wɔnom nufusu te sɛ akraman, mpataa, ne anantwi. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa mmoawa yi sesa na wɔsakra, na ebetumi aba sɛ wobetumi anya nnipa nso.

Nyansahufoɔ dii kan huu saa coronavirus yi wɔ 1960 mfeɛ no mfimfini. Efi saa bere no, wɔahu coronavirus ahorow ason a ebetumi ama nnipa ayare. Eyinom mu anan de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a emu nyɛ den ba, te sɛ atiridiinini a ɛtaa ba no. Nanso, abiɛsa a aka no mu yɛ den kɛse na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi de nkwa ato asiane mu. Saa abiɛsa yi ne:

• `SARS-CoV` (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus): Wɔhunuu yei wɔ afe 2003. Ebia wobɛkae sɛ saa berɛ no, na ehu kɛseɛ wɔ wiase nyinaa.
• `MERS-CoV` (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus): Eyi ne nea yɛreka ho asɛm seesei. Wɔhunuu no wɔ afe 2012 mu.
• `SARS-CoV-2`: Eyi ne mmoawa a ɛde `COVID-19` yareɛ a yɛn nyinaa ako atia nnansa yi.

MERS abu so dɛn?

Enti, yare yi a wɔfrɛ no MERS abu so dɛn? Sɛnea Wiase Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde (WHO) kyerɛ no, ɛde besi January 2020 no, wɔabɔ MERS nsɛm 2,519 pɛ ho amanneɛ wɔ wiase nyinaa fi afe 2012. Ɛwom sɛ wɔabɔ saa ayarefo yi ho amanneɛ fi aman 27 so de, nanso wɔabɔ saa ayarefo yi mu 80%, kyerɛ sɛ, du biara mu awotwe, fi Saudi Arabia. Te sɛ obiara no, wɔayɛ eyi bere a wɔatu kwan akɔ aman a ɛwɔ Arabia Po no so, kyerɛ sɛ, aman te sɛ Iraq, Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, ne Syria, anaasɛ wɔatra hɔ akyi. Esiane sɛ yɛn man no rekɔ aman yi so akɔyɛ adwuma nti, ɛho hia sɛ yehu eyi. Wɔ United States mpo no, wɔabɔ MERS ayarefo baanu pɛ ho amanneɛ. Wɔn baanu nyinaa yɛ akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo, a wɔatu kwan akɔ Saudi Arabia.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya MERS?

Enti, momma yɛnhwɛ nea ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya MERS. Susuw nokwasɛm ahorow yi ho hwɛ:

• Wɔn a wɔatu kwan akɔ Arabia Po no so nnansa yi ara (e.g. Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates).
• Wɔn a wɔatu kwan akɔ Arabia Po no so na wɔne obi a akyiri yi ɔyaree no adi nkitaho kɛse no fam.
• Wɔn a wɔne obi a wɔagye atom sɛ ɔwɔ `MERS-CoV` no adi nkitaho kɛse no.
• Sɛ woyɛ akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo , wo ne MERS ɔyarefo bi ayɛ adwuma abɛn na woanni akwan a ɛfata a wɔfa so siw ɔyare mmoawa ano akyi.
• Wɔn a wɔne yoma adi nkitaho tẽẽ, anaasɛ wɔadi yoma nam a wɔannoa, anaasɛ wɔanom yoma nufusu a wɔannoa no. (Eyi mfa Sri Lanka titiriw, nanso ɛho hia ma wɔn a wɔretu kwan akɔ Mfinimfini Apuei).

Ɛhe na MERS mmoawa no fi bae?

Susuw baabi a mmoawa yi fi ho. Nhwehwɛmufo gye di sɛ nyarewa te sɛ MERS, SARS, ne COVID-19 dii kan fii ase wɔ akraman mu, afei ɛtrɛw kɔɔ mmoa afoforo so, na awiei koraa no ɛkɔɔ nnipa mu.

• Mprempren wogye di sɛ MERS-CoV mmoawa no huruw fii akraman so kɔɔ yoma so ne yoma so kɔɔ nnipa mu .
• SARS-CoV mmoawa no nam civets (aboa ketewaa bi a wɔnom nufusu a wohu wɔ Afrika ne Asia) so baa nnipa nkyɛn.
• Nyansahufoɔ da so ara nnim aboa ko pɔtee a COVID-19 mmoawa no firii mu baa nnipa mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔde MERS kɔ?

Te sɛ nyarewa afoforo bi a wɔde yare mmoawa ba no, MERS-CoV mmoawa no te yɛn ɔhome akwaa mu. Enti, ɛnam ɔhome mu nsu a ɛba bere a ankorankoro bi fe anaasɛ ɔfefe no so titiriw na ɛde ba.

MERS yɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba. Nanso, antrɛw ntɛmntɛm wɔ wiase nyinaa te sɛ COVID-19. MERS hwehwɛ sɛ wɔne wɔn di nkitaho kɛse na ama atrɛw. Te sɛ abusua mufo ntam anaa bere a wɔrehwɛ ɔyarefo bi wɔ ayaresabea no. Akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo nhuu sɛnea ɛtrɛw wɔ mpɔtam hɔ nyinaa.

Afei nso, yoma tumi de MERS ma. Yoma a ɛwɔ Saudi Arabia ne aman a atwa ho ahyia no wɔ MERS ahorow a ɛte sɛ MERS ahorow a ɛde nyarewa ba nnipa so no. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ yoma de MERS rema nnipa denneennen.

Dɛn ne MERS ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Ebia obi a ɔwɔ MERS no rennya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara koraa. Anaasɛ, ebia wɔwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a emu nyɛ den te sɛ atiridiinini a wɔtaa nya. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi akɔ so akɔ tebea a emu yɛ den kɛse a ɛde ne nkwa to asiane mu. MERS taa de ɔhome mu sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ:

• Ɛwa
• Atiridiinini (ebia atiridiinini a ano yɛ den) .
• Ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa

Nnipa binom nso abɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔanya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ akisikuru, akisikuru, ne ɔfe. MERS sɛnkyerɛnne no taa fi ase wɔ nna abien kosi dunan mu bere a wɔanya mmoawa no akyi.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a asiane wom a ebetumi aba esiane MERS nti?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba sɛ MERS mu yɛ den a. Eyi ne baabi a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛde yɛn adwene si so kɛse. Wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den mu no, MERS betumi akɔ so akodu ahurututu mu yare , ɔhome a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye, ne hia a ehia sɛ wɔde mfiri ma mframa . Ebetumi ama asaabo nso ayɛ adwuma yiye.

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ nnipa dodow a wowuwu wɔ MERS mu no bɛyɛ 35%. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ nnipa baasa biara a wobenya MERS no bɛyɛ biako bewu. Nanso, eyi betumi ayɛ nea ɛba fam koraa. Saa dodow yi nka ayarefo a wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu nyɛ den, a wɔanhu anaasɛ wɔammɔ wɔn amanneɛ no ho.

Ɛda adi sɛ yare yi mu yɛ den kɛse wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ tebea afoforo a ɛhyɛ ase a ɛma nipadua no tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw no so. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Kokoram
• Komayare a enni sabea
• Asaabo mu yare a enni sabea
• Ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea (e.g. ayamtu, COPD) .
• Asikreyare (`Asikreyare`) .
• Nnipa a wɔn mfe akɔ anim

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu MERS?

Sɛ wowɔ ɔhome mu sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ atiridiinini, ɔfe, ne ahome a ɛyɛ den a, wo duruyɛfo bebisa wo w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm. Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛka akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo sɛ woatu kwan akɔ baabiara nnansa yi, titiriw wɔ Mfinimfini Apuei, anaasɛ wo ne ayarefo anaa yoma adi nkitaho a.

Wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw wɔ aduruyɛdan mu de ahu sɛ ebia wowɔ MERS yareɛ a ɛyɛ nnam anaa nea atwam. Ebia wo duruyɛfo no bɛfa nhwɛsode ahorow pii, te sɛ:

• Ɔhome akwaa a ɛwɔ fam nhwɛsode: Ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa ahurututu (anaasɛ nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ) ngu ade mu. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ foforo no, wo duruyɛfo betumi de afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (bronchoscope) ahyɛ wo menewam de agye nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ afi w’ahurututu mu.
• Ɔhome akwaa a ɛwɔ soro no nhwɛsode: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde aduru a wɔde hyɛ nipadua no mu bɛfa nhwɛsode bi afi hwene no mu anaa ne menewa atifi.
• Serum sample: Serum yɛ wo mogya no fã a ɛyɛ nsu. Oduruyɛfo no fa wo mogya no bi na ɔkyinkyin wɔ afiri a ɛde ahoɔhare kɛse (centrifuge) mu. Afei wɔtetew serum no fi mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya nkwammoaa mu. Afei wɔsɔ saa serum yi hwɛ sɛ ebia nnuru a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa no wɔ hɔ anaa.

Ɛnyɛ aduruyɛdan ahorow nyinaa na wɔama wɔn tumi sɛ wɔnsɔ MERS-CoV nhwɛ. Wo duruyɛfo betumi de nhwɛsode no akɔ wo mantam akwahosan dwumadibea no aduruyɛdan anaasɛ adwumayɛbea titiriw bi te sɛ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa MERS yare?

Mprempren wonni aduru pɔtee biara a wɔapene so a wɔde ko tia mmoawa a wɔde sa MERS. Ɛne sɛ, aduru pɔtee biara nni hɔ a ebetumi akum mmoawa no. Enti, aduruyɛ yɛ ɔhwɛ a ɛboa, a ɛboa ma wodi wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so bere a wo nipadua ko tia ɔyare mmoawa no.

• Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a emu nyɛ den a , wubetumi agye w’ahome wɔ fie na woanom nnuru te sɛ paracetamol de asa ɛyaw ne atiridiinini.
• Nanso, sɛ yare no mu yɛ den a, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔde wo kɔ ayaresabea. Sɛ ɛba saa a, wubetumi ayɛ nneɛma te sɛ:
• Ma IV nsu (siw nsu a ɛho ntew ano).
• Oxygen a wɔde ma (ma ɔhome a ɛyɛ den).
• Sɛ wontumi nhome a, wɔde mfiri a wɔde ma mframa di dwuma.
• Sɛ asaabo no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, wobetumi ayɛ dialysis.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn atumi asiw MERS ano sɛ ɛrentrɛw nkɔ afoforo so? (Sɛ wowɔ MERS a)

Sɛ wunim anaa wususuw sɛ wowɔ MERS a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ saa nneɛma yi na amma woantrɛw ankɔ afoforo so:

• Tra fie ntɛm ara. Tra dan a ɛsono emu biara mu wɔ nnipa afoforo ho. Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, fa aguaree a ɛyɛ soronko di dwuma.
• Fa samina ne nsuo hohoro wo nsa mpɛn pii (anyɛ yiye koraa no sikani 20). Sɛ wode nsa hohoro aduru di dwuma a, anyɛ yiye koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ nsa 60% na ɛwom.
• Hyɛ anim akataso bere a wo ne nnipa afoforo wɔ dan mu no.
• Fa ntini kata w’ano ne wo hwene so bere a worefe anaa worefefe no. Tow ntini a wode adi dwuma no gu nwura kotoku a wɔato mu mu ntɛm ara na hohoro wo nsa bio.
• Frɛ wo duruyɛfoɔ ansa na woakɔ akɔhwɛ wɔn na ka kyerɛ wɔn sɛ ebia wowɔ MERS sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛtumi ayɛ ahwɛyie a ɛhia.
• Sɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den, sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome a, frɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara.

Bere bɛn na dwumadi ahorow a wɔtaa yɛ no betumi asan afi ase?

Sɛ wo ho tɔ wo mprempren a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa bere a wubetumi asan afi dwumadi ahorow a woyɛ daa ase no ho. Wo mpɔtam hɔ akwahosan dwumadibea anaa ɔmantam akwahosan dwumadibea bɛma wo akwankyerɛ wɔ bere tenten a ɛsɛ sɛ wotra fie na wɔasiw MERS a ɛbɛtrɛw akɔ afoforo so no ano. Eyi taa yɛ kosi sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no befi hɔ na woayɛ nhwehwɛmu akyerɛ sɛ wunni mmoawa no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobɛbɔ wo ho ban afi MERS ho? (Akwan a wɔfa so siw ano) .

Mprempren wonni nnuru a wɔde bɔ MERS ho ban. Akwan a wɔfa so bɔ wɔn ho ban fi MERS ho no ne nea wɔfa so bɔ ɔhome mu nyarewa afoforo nyinaa no yɛ pɛ kɛse:

• Fa samina hohoro wo nsa yiye bere nyinaa. Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhohoro wo nsa bere a woakɔ abɔnten, ansa na woadidi, ne bere a woakɔ tiafi awie no.
• Sɛ wofefe anaa wofefe a, fa ntini anaa wo nsateaa mu kata w’ano ne wo hwene so.
• Kwati sɛ wode wo nsa bɛka w’ani, wo hwene, ne w’ano sɛnea wubetumi biara.
• Kwati sɛ wo ne nnipa a wɔyare bedi nkitaho kɛse.
• Ma mmeae a wotaa de di dwuma (apon ano nhama, pon, telefon) ho tew na fa nnuru a ekum mmoawa di dwuma.

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na woasiw MERS yare no ano, titiriw nea efi yoma mu no, yɛ nea edidi so yi (ma wɔn a wɔretu kwan akɔ aman te sɛ Mfinimfini Apuei):

• Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhohoro wo nsa bere a woadi yoma ho dwuma awie no. Kwati sɛ wo ne yoma a wɔyare bedi nkitaho ɔkwan biara so.
• Kwati sɛ wubedi yoma nufusu a wɔmfa nnuru nhyɛ mu ne yoma nam a wɔannoa no yiye.
• Sɛ wowɔ aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a enni sabea (e.g. asikreyare, komayare), anaasɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a ayɛ mmerɛw a, kwati sɛ wobɛkɔ mmeae a yoma wɔ anaasɛ wɔne yoma di nkitaho.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn atumi abɔ wo ho ban bere a worehwɛ obi a ɔwɔ MERS no?

Sɛ wo ne obi a ɔwɔ MERS te anaasɛ wohwɛ no a, akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ fa ahwɛyiye afoforo yi:

• Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhyɛ anim akataso, atade, ne nsateaa bere a wo ne saa onipa no nipadua mu nsu (sɛ nhwɛso no, nsu a ɛyɛ nwini, nnompe) anaa nsu a ɛtwetwe no di nkitaho no.
• Hyɛ nsateaa bere a worehoro nkuku, mpopaho, mpa, ne ntade. Hohoro wɔn ho fi afoforo nneɛma ho. Hohoro wo nsa yiye bere a woayi nsateaa awie no.

Sɛ MERS ba a, dɛn na ɛba? (Nkɔmhyɛ) .

Sɛ woankɔ Arabia Po no so, anaasɛ woakɔ hɔ na wo ne obi a ɔwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no nnyaa nkitahodi kɛse a, hokwan a wowɔ sɛ wubenya MERS no sua koraa. Nha wo ho.

Nanso, sɛ wunya MERS a, asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya tebea bi a emu yɛ den, titiriw sɛ wowɔ akwahosan ho haw afoforo a ɛhyɛ wo ase, sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no. Wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wo yiye na wama wo ɔhwɛ a ɛboa de adi wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ho dwuma.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ MERS ho sɛnkyerɛnne (atiridiinini, ɔfe, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome) na wususuw sɛ ebia woanya MERS-CoV mmoawa no (e.g., nnansa yi ara woatu kwan akɔ Mfinimfini Apuei, wo ne obi a na ɔne yoma adi nkitaho, wo ne yoma dii nkitaho) a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

MERS sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no betumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den yiye na ɛde ne nkwa to asiane mu. Enti, sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den a, frɛ wo duruyɛfo anaa kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara a ntwentwɛn wo nan ase.

Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi saa asɛm yi mu (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti, nneɛma kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi saa asɛm tenten yi mu:

• MERS yɛ ɔhome mu yare a ɛntaa nsi nanso ebetumi ayɛ kɛse. Ɛnyɛ nea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ wobenya bi a wontu kwan nkɔ Arabia Po no so anaasɛ wɔne obi a wakɔ hɔ na ɔwɔ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne nni nkitaho kɛse.
• Sɛ woreyɛ nhyehyɛe akɔsra Arabia Po no a, hwɛ hu sɛ wode ahotew titiriw bedi dwuma. Hohoro wo nsa mpɛn pii, kwati sɛ wobɛka w’anim, na hwɛ yiye wɔ yoma ho. Kwati yoma nufusu a wɔannoa ne yoma nam a wɔannoa no yiye.
• Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ MERS a, frɛ oduruyɛfo ntɛm ara. Wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia na wɔama wo akwankyerɛ wɔ sɛnea wubedi yare no ho dwuma na wɔasiw ano sɛ antrɛw ankɔ afoforo mu.
• Nhumu ne ahobammɔ a eye sen biara. Sɛ yehu saa nyarewa yi a, ɛboa yɛn ma yɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi ho.

Enti, mewɔ anidaso sɛ saa nsɛm yi ho bɛba wo mfaso. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` MERS, coronavirus, Mfinimfini Apuei ɔhome mu yare, ɔhome mu yare, yoma, mmoawa, sɛnkyerɛnne