Yɛn nyinaa ate asɛmfua "mRNA" no pii wɔ COVID-19 ɔyaredɔm no ho, ɛnte saa? Nanso bere koro no ara mu no, nnipa pii wɔ eyi ho nsemmisa, na wosuro kakra mpo. "So eyi yɛ biribi foforo?", "Dɛn na eyi bɛyɛ yɛn nipadua?" Ebia woasusuw ho. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka nea mRNA vaccine yi yɛ ne sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma ankasa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan tiawa so na yɛmfa nidi.
Momma yenni kan nhwɛ, dɛn ne mRNA yi?
mRNA din mũ no nyinaa ne ɔbɔfo Ribonucleic Acid. Ɛwom sɛ edin no yɛ den kakra de, nanso adwuma no yɛ mmerɛw yiye. Susuw DNA a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho sɛ aduannoa ho nyansahyɛ nhoma kɛse bi. Akwankyerɛ a yɛde bɛyɛ protein a yɛn nipadua hia nyinaa wɔ nhoma yi mu. Nanso wuntumi mfa nhoma kɛse yi nyinaa nkɔ adididan mu (kyerɛ sɛ, kɔ ribosomes a ɛwɔ yɛn nkwammoaa mu a ɛyɛ protein ahorow no mu).
Eyi ne baabi a ‘ɔbɔfo’ a wɔfrɛ no mRNA no ba Nea ɛyɛ ne sɛ ɛkyerɛw protein a ɛsɛ sɛ ɔyɛ fi saa DNA nhoma kɛse no mu no ho aduannoa wɔ krataa bi so, na ɛde saa nkrasɛm no kɔ adididan mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, mRNA te sɛ nkrasɛm tiawa bi a ɛyɛ akwankyerɛ a ɛwɔ DNA mu no ho mfonini na ɛde kɔ baabi a wɔyɛ protein no. Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu wɔ awosu mu bere nyinaa.
Enti dɛn na ɛba wɔ mRNA vaccine ho?
Te sɛ nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban nyinaa no, mRNA aduru tete yɛn nipadua mu nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ma ɛko tia yare bi. Nanso ɔkwan a ɔfa so yɛ no yɛ soronko kakra.
Fa mRNA vaccine a wɔde sa COVID-19 sɛ nhwɛsoɔ. Nea saa vaccine yi yɛ ne sɛ ɛde akwankyerɛ (mRNA message) a ehia na ama yɛatumi ayɛ ‘Spike Protein’ a ɛyɛ SARS-CoV-2 mmoawa a ɛde COVID-19 ba no fã nkutoo bɛma yɛn nkwammoaa.
Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, saa vaccine yi nni mmoawa no nyinaa, na saa ara nso na mmoawa no afã biara a ɛte ase anaa awu . Ɛwɔ ‘aduan ho nyansahyɛ’ a wɔde yɛ mmoawa no fã biako pɛ.
Sɛ yɛn nkwammoaa nya saa akwankyerɛ yi a, ɛyɛ ‘nsɔe protein’ yi bi. Sɛ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no hu protein a wɔayɛ no foforo yi a, ɛka sɛ, "Oh... eyi yɛ ntua a ɛnyɛ yɛn nipadua mu de." Afei, ɛsiesie ne ho sɛ ɛbɛyɛ akode te sɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa de ko tia no.
Esiane sɛ wɔadi kan atete yɛn wɔ saa kwan yi so nti, sɛ COVID-19 mmoawa ankasa no hyɛn nipadua no mu akyiri yi a, yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no behu no bere a ehu no ara pɛ, atow ahyɛ no so ntɛmntɛm na atu mpɔn, na abɔ yɛn ho ban afi yare a emu yɛ den ho.
mRNA nkrasɛm a efi vaccine no mu no sɛe, ɛpaapae, na ɛyera wɔ nna kakraa bi mu wɔ nipadua no mu. Te sɛ aduannoa ho nhoma no ara pɛ na yɛde kɔ adididan mu na yɛsɛe no bere a yɛawie no. Ɛnkɔka yɛn DNA ho anaasɛ ɛnsakra yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm da.
Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ mRNA nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban ne nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so no ntam?
Nsonsonoe titiriw no ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so de mmoawa no kɔ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu. Hwɛ pon a ɛwɔ aseɛ ha no na woanya nsɛm pii.
| mRNA Nnuru a Wɔde Bɔ Nnuru | Amanneɛ kwan so Vaccines |
|---|---|
| Wɔma nipadua no akwankyerɛ (mRNA) a ehia na ama ayɛ mmoawa no fã. | Wɔde mmoawa a wɔnyɛ adwuma ("wɔakum") , mmoawa a wɔayɛ mmerɛw , anaa mmoawa no ankasa protein asinasin ma nipadua no. |
| Vaccine no nni mmoawa no fã biara. | Vaccine no kura mmoawa no fã bi. |
| Nhwɛsoɔ: Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty®), Moderna (Spikevax®) COVID-19 nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfoɔ ho ban. | Nhwɛsoɔ: Novavax® COVID-19 vaccine (protein subunit vaccine), akisikuru vaccine (attenuated virus). |
Sɛ wɔde vaccine ma wo a, dɛn na ɛba?
Oduruyɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo de nsa bɛhohoro wo nsa atifi na wama wo aduru no. Afei, wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ twɛn bɛyɛ simma 15. Eyi yɛ nea wɔde bɛhwɛ sɛ ebia obi ho yɛ no hyew ntɛm ara wɔ aduru a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no ho. Nnipa binom te nka sɛ wɔatotɔ piti bere a wɔreto wɔn aduru no, enti ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wɔbɛtra ase.
Dɛn ne mfaso ne asiane ahorow a ɛwɔ mRNA nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban so?
Mfaso a ɛwɔ so
Mfaso akɛse biako a ɛwɔ mRNA mfiridwuma so ne ahoɔhare . Amanne kwan so nnuru a wɔde bɔ mmoawa no hwehwɛ sɛ wodua mmoawa no wɔ aduruyɛdan mu. Ɛno betumi agye asram pii, mfe mpo. Nanso mRNA vaccines nhwehwɛ saa, enti wobetumi ayɛ no ntɛmntɛm yiye, sɛ ɔyaredɔm foforo bi mpo a.
Sɛ yɛreka COVID-19 vaccines ho asɛm a, yɛregye vaccination, .
- Ɛtew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya COVID-19 no so.
- Sɛ obi nya ɔyare no mpo a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya yare a emu yɛ den, ɔbɛkɔ ayaresabea, na wawu no so tew kɛse.
- Ɛtew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛkyɛ (Long COVID) bere a obi anya COVID-19 akyi.
Asiane ne Nsunsuanso bɔne a Ɛba
Te sɛ nnuru biara a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban no, mRNA nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban betumi anya nsunsuanso nketenkete. Eyinom yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ankasa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no afi ase reyɛ adwuma.
Nneɛma bɔne a ɛtaa ba:
- Ɛyaw anaa ɔfe wɔ baabi a wɔde aduru no guu no
- Ɔbrɛ
- Tipaeɛ
- Ntini mu yaw
- Atiridiinini a emu nyɛ den
Mpɛn pii no, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi yera koraa wɔ da koro anaa nnanu mu.
Nneɛma a ɛntaa nsi nanso anibere wom a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew:
Ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ obi betumi anya biribi a ɛwɔ vaccine no mu ho akisikuru. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no bi ne:
- Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ ɛyɛ wo yaw
- Ɛyɛ akisikuru
- Anim, anofafa, tɛkrɛma, anaa menewa a ɛho ahonhon (Anaphylaxis) .
Sɛ wunya akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den te sɛ ahome a ɛyɛ den, w’anim anaa wo menewa a ɛho ahonhon a, kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo no Dwumadibea a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm (ETU) ntɛm ara.
So saa mfiridwuma yi yɛ foforo ankasa?
Dabi, wɔakɔ so ayɛ mRNA mfiridwuma ho nhwehwɛmu fi 1970 mfe no mu. Ɛyɛ 1990 mfe no mu ansa na nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ saa mfiridwuma yi a wɔde bɛyɛ nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban ho fii ase. Egyee nyansahufo bɛboro mfe 20 ansa na wɔrehu ɔkwan a wɔbɛfa so ama mRNA yi akɔ nkwammoaa mu a yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no nsɛe no.
Na wɔde saa mfiridwuma yi redi dwuma yiye ama aduru bi (Patisiran) a ɛsa ntini mu yare a ɛntaa nsi mpo ansa na COVID-19 ɔyaredɔm no reba. Bere a COVID-19 ɔyaredɔm no bae no, nyansahufo tumi de nimdeɛ a wonya fii nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe mfe du du pii mu no dii dwuma de yɛɛ nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban a ahobammɔ wom na etu mpɔn ntɛmntɛm sen bere biara.
Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wusuro kakra na w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa wɔ nneɛma foforo ho. Nanso mRNA yɛ nkɔso kɛse wɔ aduruyɛ ho nyansahu mu, a wɔayɛ ho nhwehwɛmu na wɔayɛ wɔ mfe du du pii mu. Ebia saa ɔbɔfo molecule ketewaa yi nso bɛboa yɛn ma yɛasa nyarewa afoforo pii te sɛ kokoram daakye.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- mmoawa no nni mRNA nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban mu, sɛ́ ɛte ase anaasɛ awu. Akwankyerɛ a wɔde ma sɛ wɔbɛyɛ mmoawa no fã biako pɛ na ɛwɔ mu.
- Saa nnuru a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban yi nsakra wo DNA . Wɔyi mRNA nkrasɛm a ɛwɔ vaccine no mu no fi nipadua no mu wɔ nna kakraa bi mu.
- Eyi yɛ sɛ wubedi kan atete wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ma wɔako atia yare bi.
- Mpɛn pii no, nsunsuanso bɔne no nyɛ den na efi hɔ wɔ nna kakraa bi mu, na ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no reyɛ adwuma.
- Eyi yɛ mfiridwuma a ahobammɔ wom na etu mpɔn a wɔayɛ ho nhwehwɛmu mfe du du pii.
- Sɛ wowɔ nsɛm bi a ɛhaw wo anaa nsɛmmisa bi a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm.
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