Momma yɛnka asraafo dɔm a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho asɛm: nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no!

So woasusuw pɛn sɛ ɔko kɛse bi wɔ hɔ, ɔko bi kɔ so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu bere nyinaa, a yennim mpo? Sɛ yenya atiridiinini, atiridiinini, anaa mpo apirakuru ketewaa bi mpo a, asraafo nkumaa kuw bi a wɔwɔ yɛn nipadua mu kɔ adwuma ntɛm ara. Ɛno ne tumi kɛse a ɛbɔ yɛn nipadua ho ban, ɛko tia mmoawa ne nyarewa a efi abɔnten ba, a yɛfrɛ no Immune System . Eyi te sɛ ahobammɔ kuw titiriw bi a ɛwɔ yɛn ankasa nipadua mu! Wɔma yɛn ani da hɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 da biara, nnafua 7 dapɛn biara, na wɔbɔ yɛn ho ban.

Henanom ne yɛn nipadua ho banbɔfo yi? Momma yenhu nipadua no mufo a wɔko tia nyarewa no!

Susuw ho hwɛ, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no nyɛ ade biako pɛ, ɛte sɛ kuw kɛse bi. Saa kuw yi muni biara, kyerɛ sɛ, nkwammoaa ne akwaa ahorow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no bom yɛ adwuma de yɛ saa ahobammɔ adwuma yi. Wɔn mu biara wɔ ne dwumadi soronko.

Mogya Nkwammoaa Fitaa (Leukocytes) - Yɛn Nipadua Ahwɛfo

Wɔfrɛ saa asraafo a wɔbɔ wɔn ho ban yi mu abran atitiriw no mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa (Leukocytes) . Ebia woate sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ nso wɔ mogya mu. Saa mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa no ne yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no akodi. Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa yi (Leukocytes) ahorow ahorow wɔ hɔ, sɛnea asraafo akuw ahorow wɔ asraafo dɔm mu no.

Phagocytes - asraafoɔ a wɔyɛ adwumaden a wɔhwehwɛ na wɔsɛe ɔyare mmoawa

Phagocytes yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa (leukocytes) kuw titiriw bi. Asɛmfua "phagocyte" kyerɛ "nkwaboaa difo." Wubetumi afi edin no ankasa mu ahu nea wɔyɛ. Yiw, saa phagocytes yi yɛ adwuma yiye. Nea wɔyɛ ne sɛ wobehu nneɛma te sɛ mmoawa ne mmoawa a wɔahyɛn nipadua no mu, atwa wɔn ho ahyia, na sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a , ‘wɔbubu wɔn asinasin na wɔmene wɔn.’ Sɛnea sɛ yɛn maame hu nwura bi wɔ yɛn fie a, ɔde mpopaho popa no, saa nkwammoaa yi nso yi nneɛma ne mmoawa a ɛho nhia fi nipadua no mu na ɛho tew.

Neutrophil - a ɔyɛ ɔbenfo a ɔko tia mmoawa

Kuw no muni foforo a ɔho hia a wɔfrɛ no phagocytes ne nkwammoaa ko a wɔfrɛ no neutrophil . Wɔko tia ɔyare mmoawa pɔtee.Tia. Fa no sɛ, ɛtɔ da bi a sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a wo menewa mu yɛ wo yaw a, oduruyɛfo no ka sɛ, "Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ eyi yɛ ɔyare mmoawa, momma yɛnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu." Ade biako a wɔhwɛ ne neutrophil nkwammoaa dodow. Sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ nipadua no mu a, yɛn nipadua no yɛ neutrophil nkwammoaa yi dodow bi de ko tia saa ntuafo no. Enti sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu no kyerɛ sɛ dodow no akɔ soro a, oduruyɛfo no te ase sɛ ɔyare mmoawa akodi bi rekɔ so wɔ nipadua no mu. Ɛnyɛ saa neutrophils yi nko, na mmom phagocytes ahorow nso wɔ hɔ, na emu biara yɛ n’ankasa asɛde sɛ ɛbɔ nipadua no ho ban.

Lymphocytes - asraafoɔ a wonim nyansa a wɔkae ɔtamfo na wɔko

Wɔfrɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa (Leukocytes) kuw foforo a ɛho hia yiye, a nyansa wom kakra no Lymphocytes . Wɔn ade titiriw ne sɛ ɛnyɛ sɛ wobetumi ahu atamfo (mmoawa) a wɔhyɛn nipadua no mu nko, na mmom wɔkae saa atamfo no nso . Te sɛ polisifo de nsɛmmɔnedifo ho nsɛm ne wɔn mfonini sie sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a sɛ wohu wɔn bio a, wobetumi ahu wɔn. Saa na saa Lymphocytes yi yɛ adwuma. Saa Lymphocytes yi ahorow atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ. Wɔn ne B Nkwammoaa ne T Ntini a Wɔde Yɛ Nkwammoaa . Eyinom abien nyinaa fi ase nyin wɔ yɛn nnompe mu. Bere a B lymphocytes nyin wɔ hɔ no, T lymphocytes no tu kwan kɔ beae titiriw foforo, thymus gland (a ɛwɔ yɛn koko atifi) no, baabi a wɔatete wɔn yiye na wɔasiesie wɔn ho ama ɔko.

B Lymphocytes - te sɛ asraafoɔ amansɛmdifoɔ

Susuw B Lymphocytes ho sɛ amansɛmdifo a wɔwɔ yɛn nipadua no asraafo mu. Wɔn adwuma titiriw ne sɛ wobehu atamfo, kyerɛ sɛ, mmoawa, a wɔhyɛn nipadua no mu no pɛpɛɛpɛ na wɔama afoforo ahu sɛ, "Ɔtamfo bi reba!" Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom saa B nkwammoaa yi na wɔyɛ ‘akode’ soronko bi, a yɛfrɛ no nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa . Yɛbɛka saa asɛm no ho asɛm kakra.

T Lymphocytes - Commandofoɔ a wɔkɔ ɔko mu tẽẽ

Afei, henanom ne T lymphocytes no ? Wɔyɛ yɛn asraafo a wɔwɔ anim, te sɛ commando . Bere a B nkwammoaa no frɛ sɛ, "Ɔtamfo bi ni, eyi ne!", akyi no, T nkwammoaa no kɔ tẽẽ sɛe saa nkwammoaa a wɔtow hyɛ so no, sɛ́ ɛyɛ yɛn ankasa nkwammoaa a mmoawa anaa kokoram nkwammoaa anya bi no. Wɔn na wɔyɛ ɔko no ankasa.

Enti wuhu, ɛnte saa? Saa B nkwammoaa ne T nkwammoaa yi bom yɛ adwuma sɛ kuw de bɔ yɛn nipadua ho ban yiye saa!

Ɔkwan bɛn so ankasa na nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma? Ɛyɛ adwinnade a ɛyɛ nwonwa!

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea saa super defense system yi yɛ adwuma. Ɛyɛ adwinnade a ɛyɛ den yiye, na ɛyɛ nwonwa.

Identifying Antigens - Ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu ɔtamfo no yiye!

Biribiara a efi abɔnten hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu na ebetumi apira nipadua no, sɛ nhwɛso no, mmoawa (mmoawa, mmoawa), awuduru, pollen, ne nea ɛkeka ho, wɔ agyiraehyɛde soronko a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wohu wɔ wɔn ani. Wɔ nnuruyɛ mu no, wɔfrɛ saa agyiraehyɛde ahorow yi antigens . Eyinom te sɛ agyiraehyɛde a ɛwɔ ɔtamfo atade so. Yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ye yiye wɔ saa antigen ahorow yi a ehu no mu. Wohu ntɛm ara sɛ, "Oh, eyi nyɛ yɛn mu biako, eyi yɛ obi foforo!"

Sɛnea wɔyɛ antibodies na wɔko - a wɔde akode soronko tow hyɛ wɔn so

Wokae saa B Lymphocytes a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no? Wɔn na sɛ wohu saa antigen ahorow yi a, wonya sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛbɛma wɔayɛ protein soronko bi. Saa protein titiriw yi ne nea yɛfrɛ no antibodies . Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔsan frɛ wɔn immunoglobulins . Saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi yɛ soronko koraa. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na antigen biara ahyia no, wɔyɛ antibodies a ɛyɛ saa antigen no pɔtee. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wɔte sɛ safe soronko bi a ɛfata apon biara. Sɛ wohu antigen a ɛfa ho no ara pɛ a, saa antibodies yi kɔ na ‘wɔto mu’, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛkyekyere. Sɛ wɔkyekyere wɔn ho saa a, ntuafo, kyerɛ sɛ, ɔyare mmoawa no, ntumi nyɛ n’adwuma. Ɛnyɛ nea ɛnyɛ adwuma, anaasɛ ɛbɛyɛ nea ‘wɔhyɛ no agyirae’ wɔ ɔkwan bi so a ɛnyɛ den sɛ nkwammoaa te sɛ phagocytes betumi akyere no na wɔasɛe no.

Nkaeɛ ne ahobanbɔ a ɛkyɛ - sɛ ɔtamfo korɔ no ara ba bio a...

Ade foforo a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛfa nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ho ni. Nkwammoaa a wɔko tia nyarewa a wɔyɛɛ pɛnkoro no taa tra yɛn nipadua mu, anaasɛ B nkwammoaa a ɛyɛɛ saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa no kɔ so tra hɔ sɛ "nkae nkwammoaa." Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ ɔyare mmoawa koro no ara bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛhyɛn yɛn nipadua mu bio a, yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no kae no yiye! "Oh, eyi yɛ ɔtamfo dedaw!" Ehu no ntɛm ara na efi ase yɛ saa nnuru pɔtee a ɛko tia nyarewa no ntɛmntɛm na ɛdɔɔso sen kan no. Afei, ansa na saa mmoawa no benya hokwan de yare aba no, yɛn ahobammɔ sɛe no.

Ɛno nti na sɛ wunya yare bi te sɛ akisikuru , a, ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubenya bio no. Yɛn nipadua no ayɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa ne nkae nkwammoaa a ɛko tia no, enti sɛ akisikuru mmoawa no san ba a, yɛn nipadua ayɛ krado sɛ ɛbɛko atia. Eyi ne nea yɛfrɛ no immunity .

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho banEyi ne nea nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban yɛ. Ansa na yare no bɛba no, wɔde mmoawa (anaa ne fã bi) bi a ayɛ mmerɛw anaa wɔakum no ma nipadua no, na wɔkyerɛkyerɛ yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ma ehu, yɛ nnuru a ɛko tia no, na ɛkora saa nkae no so. Afei, sɛ saa mmoawa no ba ankasa a, yɛn nipadua no bɛko atia a ɛrenyare.

Yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ho nsɛm kakra

Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den yiye, a ɛkari pɛ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nhyehyɛe yi betumi ayɛ basaa kakra. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Sɛ yɛanda yiye a
• Sɛ aduannuru a ɛwɔ aduan a yedi mu no sua a
• Sɛ yɛhaw bere nyinaa a

Saa nneɛma yi betumi ama yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no anyɛ adwuma yiye kakra. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia kɛse sɛ wudi asetra a ahoɔden wom akyi no . Da a ɛdɔɔso, aduan a ahoɔden wom a yebedi, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, ne anigye betumi aboa yɛn ahobammɔ a ɛyɛ nwonwa no ma ayɛ wɔn adwuma. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛntaa nsi koraa sɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no betumi asɛe. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a efi ase tow hyɛ yɛn ankasa nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden so (wɔfrɛ eyi nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa), anaasɛ ɛyɛ n’ade boro so wɔ nneɛma a mpɛn pii no ɛnyɛ asiane biara (te sɛ pollen ne mfutuma) ho (wɔfrɛ eyi allergies). Nanso eyinom ho yɛ na koraa. Mpɛn pii no, yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no bɔ yɛn ho ban yiye.

Sɛ yɛbɛbɔ no mua a, nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Seesei wote sɛnea asraafo dɔm yi a wɔfrɛ wɔn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no yɛ nwonwa, wɔwɔ nimdeɛ, na ɛho nhia no ase.

• Ɛyɛ yɛn nipadua no abɔde mu ahobammɔ: ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe yi na ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi mmoawa a aniwa nhu ho.
• Nkwammoaa titiriw a wɔaboaboa ano: Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ahorow pii (te sɛ phagocytes ne lymphocytes ) bom yɛ adwuma yi.
• Ehu na ɔkae atamfo: Ehu antigens , ɛyɛ antibodies tia wɔn, kae saa ɔko no, na sɛ saa ɔtamfo no san ba bio a, ɛyɛ ho biribi ntɛm.
• Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛboa nso: Yɛn nso yebetumi ama nhyehyɛe yi ayɛ den denam asetra a ɛfata so.

Enti, bere foforo a atiridii bɛtɔ wo no, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu. Kae sɛ, wɔ wo nipadua mu no, abran nkumaa a wɔn ho akokwaw yiye akuwakuw bi wɔ hɔ a wɔreko ɔko kɛse bi de abɔ wo ho ban! Ma wɔnyɛ wɔn adwuma, na wɔmmoa wɔn denam ahomegye pii a wobenya ne nnuan a ahoɔden wom a wobedi so. YɛnNkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ abɔde akyɛde a ɛsom bo sen biara ma yɛn no mu biako ampa!

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Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa, Mogya mu Nkwammoaa Fitaa, Leukocytes, Antibodies, Antigens, Mmoawa, Akwahosan , Nipadua Ho Banbɔ