Momma yensua pii fa Pneumococcal Disease, yare a ɛnyɛ w’ahurututu ne w’aso nko na ɛka, na mmom wo nipadua nyinaa ho.

So woanya atiridii anaa atiridii pɛn a efii ase sɛ atiridii anaa atiridii a ɛnyɛ den, afei ɛdanee biribi a emu yɛ den kɛse, ebia ahurututu mu yare mpo? Anaasɛ wo ba kumaa no taa nya aso mu yare? Ade biako nti a eyi ba betumi ayɛ mmoawa a yɛreka wɔn ho asɛm nnɛ a wɔfrɛ wɔn ‘pneumococcal’ no. Mma ɛnhaw wo, sɛ wunim eyi a, wubetumi abɔ wo ho ban kɛse na sɛ wunya a, wo ho bɛtɔ wo ntɛm. Enti, momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri, ɛnte saa?

Dɛn ne Ahurututu mu Yare? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Pneumococcal yareɛ yɛ ɔyareɛ a mmoawa a wɔfrɛ wɔn Streptococcus pneumoniae (a wɔsan frɛ no pneumococcus) na ɛde ba. Ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebetumi atrɛw afi onipa biako so akɔ foforo so. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebetumi ayɛ mmerɛw, te sɛ sinus infection (sinusitis). Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ama obi anya tebea horow a emu yɛ den kɛse, a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu te sɛ ahurututu mu yare, sepsis, anaa ɔyare mmoawa a ɛma obi nya adwenemhaw. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wuhu na wosa no ntɛm.

Wɔtaa de nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ma sɛ eyi ho ayaresa. Afei nso, nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban wɔ hɔ a wɔde bɛtew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya saa yare yi so. Saa nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban yi ho hia mmofra nkumaa ne wɔn a wɔn mfe akɔ anim titiriw. Ɛyɛ adwene pa sɛ wo ne w’abusua oduruyɛfo bɛkasa na woahu nnuru a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban a ɛfata wo ne w’abusua.

So ahurututu mu yare ne ahurututu mu yare yɛ nneɛma abien a ɛsono emu biara? Anaasɛ wɔyɛ ade koro?

Eyi yɛ beae a nnipa pii kɔda. Susuw ho hwɛ, ahurututu mu yare yɛ din a wɔtaa de frɛ yare biara a ahurututu mu yare mmoawa no de ba. Pneumococcal pneumonia yɛ saa nyarewa no mu biako pɛ. Nanso ɛyɛ yare a ɛtaa ba, a emu yɛ den kakra, a ɔyare mmoawa yi de ba.

Nanso, ɛnyɛ ahurututu mu yare nyinaa na ahurututu mu yare mmoawa no na ɛde ba. Mmoawa ahorow afoforo, mmoawa, ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a fungi nso betumi de ahurututu mu yare aba. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, esiane sɛ obi wɔ ahurututu mu yare nti, enhia sɛ ɛyɛ ahurututu mu yare a ɛma obi nya ahurututu mu yare. Ate aseɛ?

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu yare ahorow atitiriw?

Nyansahufo ahu ɔyare mmoawa yi (Streptococcus pneumoniae) ahorow bɛyɛ 100. Eyinom de ahurututu mu yare atitiriw abien ba:

1. Noninvasive: Eyi ne ɔkwan a ɛtaa ba . Ɛnyɛ aniberesɛm kakra sen ahorow afoforo no. Wɔ saa su yi mu no, ɔyare no ntrɛw nkɔ akwaa atitiriw anaa mogya mu.

2. Invasive: Eyi ne ɔkwan a asiane wom sen biara. Wɔ saa su yi mu no, mmoawa no hyɛn mogya mu, anaasɛ wɔkɔ mmeae a mpɛn pii no ɛnsɛ sɛ mmoawa no kɔ (te sɛ amemene, nnompe), anaa akwaa titiriw bi te sɛ ahurututu.

Nyarewa bɛn na saa ahurututu mu yare mmoawa yi betumi de aba ankasa?

Saa mmoawa yi tumi de nyarewa ba nipadua no mu baabiara. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

Nyarewa a emu yɛ den a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu (a ɛyɛ hu):

Eyinom hwehwɛ sɛ wonya ayaresa ntɛm ara.

• Bacteremia: Eyi ne bere a mmoawa hyɛn mogya no mu.
• Bacterial Meningitis: Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ amemene no mu atiridiinini.
• Ahurututu mu yareɛ `(Pneumonia):` Eyi ne nea ahurututu mu yareɛ yɛ.
• Osteomyelitis: Mmoawa a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba dompe no mu.
• Septic Arthritis: Nyarewa a ɛwɔ nkwaa mu.
• Ɔfe ne ɔfe a emu yɛ den wɔ nipadua no nyinaa mu (Sepsis): Eyi ba bere a mmoawa hyɛn mogya mu (septicemia), na ɛde ɔfe a emu yɛ den ba nipadua no mu.

Nea ɛho hia: Tebea horow te sɛ pneumococcal meningitis (amemene mu atiridiinini) ne bacteremia (mogya mu awuduru) betumi ama amemene no asɛe, aso atew, na ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a wɔatwa no. Sɛ wɔansa no yiye a, ebetumi ama obi awu mpo.

Nyarewa a emu nyɛ den koraa (Noninvasive):

• Bronchitis: Yare a ɛba ahurututu mu ntini a efi menewa mu kɔ ahurututu mu no mu.
• Mfinimfini aso mu yare (Otitis Media): Aso mu yare a ɛtaa ba mmofra nkumaa mu.
• Aniwa yare (Conjunctivitis): Aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ na ɛyɛ wo yaw.
• Sinusitis: Mframa a ɛwɔ moma so (sinus) a ɛwɔ moma so ne afono mu no yare.

Hena na ɛda adi kɛse sɛ obenya ahurututu mu yare?

Nokwarem no, obiara betumi anya saa yare yi. Nanso, nnipa binom wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya bi.

Mmofra a wonnii mfe 2 no taa nya saa ɔyare yi. Afei nso, mmofra a wɔwɔ tebea horow a edidi so yi wɔ asiane kɛse mu:

• Wɔ mmofra a wɔde aso a wɔde ahyɛ wɔn mu no fam.
• Mmofra a wɔwɔ Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) a ɛretu.
• Mmofra a Wɔyare Asikreyare.
• Mmofra a wɔwɔ tebea horow a ɛfa asaabo ho, te sɛ Nephrotic Syndrome.
• Mmofra a wɔwɔ sickle cell yare, anaa wɔn a wɔasɛe wɔn akyi berɛmo anaa wɔayi wɔn.
• Mmofra a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw (te sɛ nea nnuru bi, akwaa a wɔde si ananmu, kokoram, anaa HIV/AIDS de ba).

Wɔn a wɔn mfe akɔ anim ne wɔn a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw nso wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya saa yare yi. Nso:

• Wɔn a wɔadi mfe 65 anaa nea ɛboro saa no fam no .
• Wɔ wɔn a nsanom (Alcohol Use Disorder) aka wɔn hɔ no fam.
• Wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ amemene mu nsu a ɛretu (CSF leak) fam.
• Nnipa a wɔwɔ ahurututu mu yare a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ (a enni sabea), komayare, mmerɛbo mu yare, anaa asaabo mu yare.
• Wɔn a wɔnom sigaret no fam.
• Wɔn a wɔde aso a wɔde ahyɛ wɔn mu no fam.

Afei nso, wim tebea nso betumi adi dwuma bi. Saa yare yi taa ba wɔ asram a awɔw wom na osu ntɔ mu.

Ahurututu mu yare abu so dɛn?

Eyi yɛ yare a abu so kakra ankasa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛnea U.S. Asoɛe a Ɛhwɛ Nyarewa So (CDC) kyerɛ no, wɔbɔ nnipa bɛyɛ 2,000 ho amanneɛ afe biara. Nea ɛka ho no, nnipa bɛboro 150,000 na wɔde ahurututu mu yare a ɛma ahurututu mu yare no kɔ ayaresabea.

Pneumococcal pneumonia ne yareɛ a ɛtaa ba a mmoawa `(Streptococcus pneumoniae) na ɛde ba. Ɛwom sɛ mmoawa na ɛde ahurututu mu yare dodow no ara ba mmofra nkumaa mu de, nanso ahurututu mu yare mmoawa no na ɛtaa de ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba mmofra mu.

So eyi yɛ yare a wɔde kɔ nnipa mu? Ɔkwan bɛn so ankasa na wɔde kɔ?

Yiw, ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa. Nnipa pii, titiriw mmofra nkumaa, tumi de ɔyare mmoawa `(Streptococcus pneumoniae)` kɔ wɔn hwene ne wɔn menewa mu a wɔmfa yare biara mma (yɛfrɛ wɔn ‘asoa’). Sɛ wonni yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara mpo a, wobetumi akɔ so atrɛw akɔ afoforo mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔde kɔ nnipa mu? Titiriw denam nnompe anaa nsu a ɛtɔ gu fam (nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ) so. Ɛyɛ:

• Bere a ɔfefe.
• Bere a wofefe.
• Sɛ yɛde yɛn nsa ka yɛn ho yɛn ho, sesa nneɛma a yɛde adi dwuma, anaa yɛfew yɛn ho ano.

Esiane sɛ nnipa pii kura saa mmoawa yi a wɔnyare nti, ɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛka bere pɔtee a ɛde ɔyare no ba. Nanso, sɛ wunya ahurututu mu yare na wufi ase sa yare a, ɛda adi sɛ wubegyae atrɛw akɔ afoforo mu wɔ da koro anaa nnanu ntam.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne no betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina faako a ɔyare no wɔ ne sɛnea emu yɛ den so.

Mpɛn pii no, nyarewa a ɛnyɛ den pii no, wubetumi ate ɛyaw, atiridii, anaa ɔfe wɔ baabi a ɔyare no wɔ no:

• Mfinimfini aso mu yare (Otitis Media) a pneumococcal mmoawa de ba no betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɔyare a ɛba aso akyi, aso mu yaw, ne ɔbrɛ aba. Fa no sɛ wo ba ketewa no nwiinwii mpofirim sɛ n’aso ayɛ no yaw, ɛte sɛ nea n’ani nnye ho, na ebia obenya atiridii mpo.
• Sinus infections (Sinusitis) betumi ama hwene ayɛ mmerɛw, ne ti ayɛ no yaw, na ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a ne hua ayera (Anosmia).

Nanso, ahurututu mu yare betumi de tebea horow a emu yɛ den a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu aba.

Sɛ wunya ahurututu mu yare a, ebia wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Koko mu yaw.
• Ɔfe (ebia ɛne phlegm).
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Atiridii anaa atiridiinini.

Wɔ tebea te sɛ meningitis mu no, wubetumi ahwɛ kwan sɛ wubenya sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ eyinom:

• Huraeɛ.
• Tiyɛ a emu yɛ den.
• Wɔ nkokoaa nkumaa fam no, aduan ho akɔnnɔ a wɔhwere, nufusu a wɔnom so tew, na wɔfe.
• Hann ho nkate (ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhwɛ akanea a ɛhyerɛn).

Sɛ wowɔ mmoawa wɔ wo mogya mu (Bacteremia) , nneɛma yi betumi asi:

• Awɔw a wɔte nka na wo ho popo.
• Huraeɛ.
• Kesereneeyɛ.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nipadua no betumi anya ɔhyew a emu yɛ den wɔ ahurututu mu yare a ɛma obi nya ahurututu mu yare no ho. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ sepsis . Ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no bi ne:

• Nhumu a wɔhwere.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ ɔhome a ɛyɛ tiaa (Dyspnea).
• Ɔhaw anaa ɛyaw a emu yɛ den.
• Atiridii anaa atiridiinini.
• Koma a ɛbɔ a ɛkɔ soro.
• Fifiri a ɛrefifi.
• Sɛ wɔansa no ntɛm a, owu mpo betumi aba.

Hwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu bere nyinaa! Sɛ wo anaa wo ba no atiridii boro digrii Celsius 38.06 (100.5 Fahrenheit), wo koko mu yaw, anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara anaa kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu yare yi?

Nnuruyɛfo yɛ nhwehwɛmu hwɛ sɛ ebia ɔyare mmoawa `(Streptococcus pneumoniae)`. Wɔsan nso hwehwɛ ayaresa mu tebea afoforo mu. Nea edi kan no, oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo na wabisa w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm ne mprempren sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho asɛm.

Ɛno akyi no, wobetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow te sɛ eyi:

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu (Complete Blood Count anaa CBC).
• Nsu mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Sputum test (sɛ ɛba sɛ obi anya ahurututu mu yare a).
• Koko so X-ray a wɔyɛ.
• Lumbar Puncture (sɛ wosusuw sɛ amemene mu akisikuru bi wɔ hɔ a).

So aduru bi wɔ hɔ a edi mũ ma eyi? Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow no?

Sɛ wohu ntɛm na wɔde nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa sa a, wobetumi asa ahurututu mu yare dodow no ara. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, mmoawa no tumi gyina nnuru bi a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ano. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ nnuru no nkum mmoawa no. Sɛ eyi ba a, ebia ɛsɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo no sɔ nnuru afoforo a ekum ɔyare mmoawa hwɛ.

Bere tenten a wɔde sa yare ne nnuru a wɔde kum ɔyare mmoawa ko a wɔde ma no betumi ayɛ soronko, a egyina beae a ɔyare no wɔ ne sɛnea emu yɛ den so.

Wɔ nyarewa a ɛtaa ba a ɛnyɛ den pii ho no, wo duruyɛfo betumi aka nea edidi so yi nso akyerɛ:

• Nom nsu ne nsu pii.
• Nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw.
• Home.

Wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den te sɛ meningitis mu no, ebia ebehia sɛ wotra ayaresabea hɔ kɔsa wo yare. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nyarewa a emu yɛ den betumi ama wayare bere tenten (a enni sabea), adi dɛm, anaa owu mpo.

So ahurututu mu yare betumi de nkwa ato asiane mu?

Pneumococcal yare dodow no ara nyɛ aniberesɛm saa. Nanso, saa mmoawa yi betumiEbetumi de nyarewa a emu yɛ den a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu aba. Sɛ wɔanhu yare no na wɔansa no ntɛm a, ebetumi ayɛ asiane. Enti, sɛ wunya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na woadi n’akwankyerɛ akyi yiye.

Yɛbɛyɛ dɛn atumi abɔ yɛn ho ban afi yare yi ho? Dɛn ne akwan a wɔfa so siw ano?

Ɔkwan a eye sen biara na etu mpɔn sen biara a wɔbɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya ahurututu mu yare no so ne sɛ wɔbɛbɔ wɔn ho ban. Mprempren, wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa pneumococcal vaccines mma:

• Wɔ mmofra nkumaa a wonnii mfe 2 fam. (Nokwarem no, eyi ka nhyehyɛe a wɔyɛ no daa a wɔde ma nkokoaa nkumaa a wɔwɔ Sri Lanka nso ho).
• Mmofra ne mpanyimfo a wɔwɔ nyarewa afoforo a enni sabea ne nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa a ebia ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobenya ahurututu mu yare.
• Wɔ mpanyimfo a wɔadi mfe 65 ne akyi fam no .
• Wɔ nnipa a wɔadi fi mfe 19 kosi 64 a wɔwɔ ayaresa tebea horow bi anaa asiane afoforo fam.
• Wɔn a wɔte anaa wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ nkwakoraa ne mmerewa afie anaa mmeae afoforo a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔn mfe akɔ anim bere tenten no fam.

Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa fa vaccine a ɛfata ma wo anaa wo ba ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wonya no ho. Ɛho hia nso sɛ wonya atiridiinini aduru no ma mprempren bere no. Wubetumi anya nnuru abien no nyinaa bere koro mu.

So saa nnuru a wɔde bɔ ahurututu mu yare yi yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho ankasa?

Yiw, pneumococcal vaccines yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho. Wɔmfa ahurututu mu yare mma. Nneɛma bɔne a efi mu ba no ntaa mma na mpɛn pii no ɛnyɛ den. Wɔkɔ wɔ nna abien ntam. Ebia wobɛte ɛyaw bi, wo ho ahonhon, na woayɛ kɔkɔɔ wɔ baabi a wɔde aduru no guu wo no. Ɛntaa mma sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ntini mu yaw, nkwaa mu yaw, ne atiridiinini betumi aba. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa ahobammɔ a ɛwɔ nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban mu ho a, bisa wo duruyɛfo.

Bere tenten ahe na ɛtaa gye na obi ho atɔ no afi yare yi mu?

Bere a wɔde bɛsan anya ahoɔden afi ahurututu mu yare no mu no gyina ɔyare mmoawa no ko ne sɛnea emu yɛ den so. Mpɛn pii no, wɔ nsɛm a emu nyɛ den mu no, wubefi ase ate nka bere a woafi nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ase akyi bere tiaa bi. Ɛntaa mma sɛ ɔyare mmoawa a emu yɛ den betumi ama obi anya yare a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ (a enni sabea) anaasɛ wadi dɛm.

Sɛ wo nsa ka saa yare yi pɛnkoro a, so ɛrensi bio?

Sɛ wunya ahurututu mu yare pɛnkoro a, ɛmmɔ wo ho ban na woanya bio. Vaccine a wobɛnya no ne ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so asiw yareɛ yi ano. Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ yɛkae sɛ vaccines mma ahobammɔ 100%.

So ɛyɛ adwene pa sɛ wobɛnom nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa esiane suro a wosuro sɛ wobɛyare nti?

Dabi, sɛ wo duruyɛfo kyerɛ wo nkutoo a, fa nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa. Ɛho hia yiye nso sɛ wobɛnom nnuru a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no nyinaa bere tenten no nyinaa. Ɛnyɛ obiara na ɔyare esiane sɛ ɔne obi a ɔwɔ ɔyare mmoawa bi bɛka ne ho nti.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi eyi mu ne:

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a asɛmfua pneumococcal disease betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ hu kakra. Nanso,Sɛ wuhu yare no ntɛm na wode nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa sa wo yare a, wubetumi ho atɔ wo ntɛm. Mpɛn pii no, wubetumi nso asiw nsɛnnennen a anibere wom ano. Sɛ wufi ase nya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara na nya ayaresa.

Afei nso, anammɔn baako a ɛho hia wɔ hɔ a wobɛtumi ayɛ de abɔ wo ho ne w’adɔfoɔ ho ban afiri saa ahurututu mu yareɛ yi ho - na ɛno ne sɛ wobɛnya ahurututu mu aduru no. Bisa oduruyɛfo sɛnea saa vaccine yi a wubenya no betumi aboa wo ne w’abusua ma moanya apɔwmuden ne ahobammɔ. Apɔwmuden a wobɛkɔ so atra hɔ ne nea ɛho hia!

` Ahurututu mu Yareɛ, Streptococcus pneumoniae, ahurututu mu yareɛ, mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba, ahurututu mu yareɛ, mmofra akwahosan, ɔhome mu yareɛ