So w’ahurututu mu ayɛ hyew? Eyi betumi ayɛ ahurututu mu yare!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nka sɛ wo home yɛ wo yaw kakra? Anaasɛ wote nka sɛ ɛyɛ nwonwa na ɛyɛ wo yaw wɔ wo moma so? Ebia efii ase sɛ atiridii ara kwa, nanso woda so ara wɔ ɔhaw wɔ ahome mu? Sɛ saa a, ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛhu saa tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no "pneumonitis", a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ. Mma ɛnhaw wo, yɛbɛka eyi ho asɛm tiawa, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu yare? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ahurututu mu yare yɛ tebea a mframa kotoku nketenkete (a wɔfrɛ no alveoli) a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu no ho hyehye, anaasɛ ɛho ahonhon esiane biribi foforo nti, sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa . Susuw ho hwɛ, te sɛ sɛ sɛ yɛnya akuru a, biribi a ɛte sɛɛ betumi asi wɔ yɛn ahurututu mu. Saa ɔfe yi betumi ama ayɛ den ama wo sɛ wobɛhome yiye, na ebetumi nso de ɔhaw afoforo aba wo nipadua mu.

Ahurututu mu yare ahorow wɔ hɔ:

• Tebea a emu yɛ den: Wɔ eyi mu no, ɔfe no ba mpofirim na ɛbrɛ ase wɔ bere tiaa bi akyi.
• Subacute stage: Ɛha yi, ɔfe no kɔ so nkakrankakra na ɛkɔ so nkakrankakra.
• Tebea a enni sabea: Eyi yɛ nea asiane wom kakra. Ɔfe no kyɛ, na ebetumi mpo atra hɔ daa.

So ahurututu mu yare yɛ tebea a asiane wom?

Yiw, ahurututu mu yare yɛ tebea a ɛsɛ sɛ wobu no aniberesɛm . Efisɛ sɛ wode wo ho hyɛ nneɛma a ɛde ba no mu kyɛ a , ebetumi asɛe w’ahurututu daa . Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wuhu eyi na sɛ wuhu yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu yare ahorow atitiriw?

Ahurututu mu yare ahorow wɔ hɔ a egyina nea ɛde ba no so. Momma yɛnhwɛ ahorow atitiriw no bi:

• Acute Interstitial Pneumonitis: Eyi fi ase mpofirim na sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den ntɛmntɛm. Nnuruyɛfo da so ara nnim nea ɛde ba ankasa.
• Chemical Pneumonitis: Eyi fi nnuru (`(inhalants)`) a yɛhome a yɛde di dwuma da biara, anaasɛ yɛde di dwuma wɔ adwumam no mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru a wɔde yɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow bi, chlorine gas, nnuru a wɔde kum mmoawa, pɛtro, ne wusiw.
• Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Eyi te sɛ akisikuru. Ɛnam nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa, te sɛ mmoawa, mfutuma, nsunsu, ne nneɛma nketenkete (dander) a efi mmoa were, aboa nhoma, anaa ntakra mu a wɔhome so na ɛba.
• Mframa a Ɛma Ahurututu Mu Yare:Saa tebea yi betumi aba bere a wɔde mframa a wɔde sa kokoram ayɛ no akyi.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Wɔ mfiase no, ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ te sɛ atiridiinini a ɛtaa ba no. Eyinom bi ne:

• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den (Dyspnea). Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo home yɛ wo yaw kakra.
• Koko mu yaw.
• Ɔfe a ɛyɛ dry a nsunsu nni mu.

Nea ɛka eyi ho no, sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo betumi ada adi:

• Ɔbrɛ.
• Huraeɛ.
• Wora a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ.
• Fifiri a ɛrefifi.

Nanso, wɔ ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea fam no, wobetumi ahu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ eyinom nso:

• Ahome ntiantiaa a emu nnɔ.
• Honam ani kɔla a ɛsakra bruu (Cyanosis). Eyi ba bere a nipadua no nnya mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso no.
• Mu duru a wɔtew so a wɔanhyɛ da.

Dɛn na ɛde ahurututu mu yare ba?

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi de ahurututu mu yare aba. Ma yɛnhwɛ nneɛma a ɛtaa de ba no bi:

• Mmoa: Nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew a ɛwɔ mmoa nhoma, ntakra, ne honam ani betumi ama ahurututu mu ayɛ hyew. Nnipa a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ mfuw mu, ne mmoa ho animdefo ne mmoa yɛmmea so ahwɛfo nso wɔ asiane mu.
• Mmoawa: Mmoawa ahorow bi, titiriw nea wohu wɔ mmeae a nsu boaboa ano, te sɛ mframa a wɔde yɛ adwuma, nneɛma a ɛma nsu yɛ hyew, ne nsu a ɛyɛ hyew no tumi nyin na ɛkɔhyɛn mframa a yɛhome no mu.
• Nnuru ne nnuru: Nnuru bi nso betumi de eyi aba. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne aspirin, nnuru bi a ekum ɔyare mmoawa (sɛ nhwɛso no, sulfonamides, nitrofurantoin), koma mu nnuru bi (sɛ nhwɛso no, amiodarone), ne nnuru a wɔde sa yare.
• Nwansena: Nkuku a enyin wɔ nneɛma te sɛ sare, aburow a ayow, kyiisi, nsenia, ne asikre so a wɔhome nso betumi de tebea yi aba. Wobetumi ahu saa nkuku yi wɔ afie dedaw a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini ne mmeae a wɔaboaboa nhoma ano.
• Radiation Therapy: Saa tebea yi betumi aba bere a wɔde radiation therapy ama nipadua no nyinaa anaa ne koko fã bere a wɔsa kokoram ahorow bi te sɛ nufu mu kokoram ne ahurututu mu kokoram akyi.

So ahurututu mu yare yi tumi kɔ nnipa mu?

Dabi, ahurututu mu yare nyɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba . Nanso, mmoawa anaa mmoawa bi a wɔde ba no betumi atrɛw afi onipa biako so akɔ foforo so. Nanso, ɔfe a ɛba ahurututu mu no nyɛ nea ɛde ɔyare no ba.

Hena na ɛda adi sɛ obenya ahurututu mu yare?

Obiara betumi anya ahurututu mu yare, nanso sɛ woyɛ adwuma wɔ mmeae a edidi so yi a, asiane kɛse wom kakra:

• Nnipa a wɔne mmoa yɛ adwuma (akuafo, mmoa ho animdefo, mmoa yɛmmea so ahwɛfo, afieboa tɔnfo).
• Nnipa a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ mfuw a wɔde nnuru a ekum mmoawa anaa aburow ne sare a ayɛ nwansena di dwuma mu.
• Nnipa a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ mmeae a wɔyɛ esiam, mmeae a wɔyɛ nkrataa, ne mmeae a wɔyɛ nnua.

Afei nso, sɛ wode humidifier di dwuma wɔ fie anaasɛ wode bere bi tra nsu a ɛyɛ hyew mu, sɛ wɔanhohoro ho yiye a, nsunsu ne mmoawa betumi anyin na sɛ wohome nsu a efi mu ba a, ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu yare no yɛ kɛse.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ebetumi afi ahurututu mu yare mu aba?

Sɛ obi de ne ho hyɛ nneɛma a ɛde ahurututu mu yare ba no mu kyɛ a , ebetumi ama ahurututu asɛe kɛse a wontumi nsakra . Wɔn titiriw ne:

• Pulmonary Fibrosis: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛma ahurututu no yɛ akuru na nkakrankakra ɛyɛ kɛse. Eyi betumi ama ahome ayɛ den yiye na ebetumi ama obi awu mpo.
• Pulmonary Hypertension: Eyi ne bere a mogya mmoroso (hypertension) a ɛwɔ mogya ntini (pulmonary arteries) a ɛde mogya fi wo koma mu kɔ w’ahurututu mu no kɔ soro.

Kae: Saa nsɛnnennen yi betumi de nkwa ato asiane mu, na ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wohu yare no ntɛm na wosa no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu ahurututu mu yare?

Oduruyɛfo betumi ahu ahurututu mu yare. Ɔbɛbisa wo yareɛ no ho nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ, agye w’aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm, na ɔde afiri a wɔde tie asɛm (`(auscultation)`) atie w’ahurututu. Nea ɛka ho no, ebia wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo pii de akyerɛ sɛ wɔahu yare no.

Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na wɔreyɛ ama eyi?

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na woakyerɛ sɛ ahurututu mu yare no, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu a edidi so yi:

• Mogya a Wɔyɛ no Ho Nhwehwɛmu: Wɔfa wo mogya no bi na wɔhwehwɛ mu hwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ nneɛma bi a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw ho anaa.
• Bronchoscopy: Wɔma wo dwo na wɔde adwinnade a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (bronchoscope) a mfoninitwa afiri wom fa w’anom anaa wo hwene mu de hwehwɛ w’ahurututu mu.
• Mfoninitwa Sɔhwɛ: Eyinom yɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛnyɛ yaw. Wobetumi ayɛ ne koko X-ray anaa CT scan.
• Lung Biopsy: Oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ de yi ntini nketenkete fi ahurututu no mu de yɛ nhwehwɛmu.
• Ahurututu mu Dwumadi Ho Sɔhwɛ: Eyinom susuw ahome dodow a wohome simma biara (ɔhome dodow), mframa dodow a ɛkɔ w’ahurututu mu na efi mu ba.
• Pulse Oximetry (Nantwi a Ɛma Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ):Afiri ketewaa bi a ɛbata wo nsateaa ho no susuw mframa pa dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa ahurututu mu yare?

Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a, ayaresa a eye sen biara ne sɛ wobɛtwe wo ho afi nneɛma a ɛde ba no ho . Bio nso, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo nnuru anaa ayaresa te sɛ:

• Corticosteroids anaa nnuru a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Saa nnuru yi brɛ ahurututu mu ɔfe ase. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi ama nnuru te sɛ `(prednisone)`, `(mycophenolate)`, anaa `(azathioprine)`.
• Nnuru a ekum fibrotic: Eyinom brɛ akuru a ɛba ahurututu mu no ase. Wobetumi de nnuru te sɛ `(pirfenidone)` anaa `(nintedanib)` ama.
• Ahurututu mu Nsiesiei: Wɔ eyi mu no, wo ne oduruyɛfo bi yɛ adwuma de yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ nhyehyɛe bi a ɛbɛma w’ahurututu mu ahoɔden ayɛ kɛse.
• Oxygen Therapy: Eyi boa ma nipadua no nya oxygen bere a ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome no. Wobetumi ama oxygen bere nyinaa, anaasɛ mmere bi nkutoo, te sɛ bere a wɔreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ anaa bere a wɔada.
• Ahurututu a Wɔde Si Ahurututu Mu: Sɛ ahurututu mu yare no mu yɛ den na ɛkɔ so kɔ tebea horow te sɛ ahurututu mu ntini mu a, nnuruyɛfo betumi akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wonyi ahurututu a asɛe no biako anaa abien no nyinaa mfi hɔ na wɔmfa ahurututu a ɛte apɔw nsi ananmu.

Me ho bɛtɔ me ntɛm dɛn wɔ ayaresa akyi?

Egyina nea ɛde wo ahurututu mu yare no ba ne sɛnea emu yɛ den no so ankasa. Ebetumi agye asram pii ansa na w’ahurututu no ayɛ yiye. Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, sɛnea w’ahurututu no sɛe no betumi ayɛ nea ɛtra hɔ daa .

So wobetumi asiw Pneumonitis ano?

Yiw, ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu yare no so ne sɛ wobɛtwe wo ho afi nneɛma a ɛma ahurututu mu ɔfe ho sɛnea wubetumi biara . Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woda nneɛma a ɛtete saa adi a, wubetumi ayɛ eyinom:

• Hyɛ Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) , titiriw N95 type akataso, na amma woanhome nneɛma nketenkete a epira wɔ mframa mu.
• Hohoro nneɛma te sɛ mframa a wɔde yɛ adwuma, nsu a wɔde yɛ hyew, ne nneɛma a ɛma nsu yɛ hyew ho na wukum mmoawa daa .
• Fa vacuum cleaner hohoro kapet ne rugs ho daa na ama mfutuma ne mmoa nhwi afi hɔ.
• Sɛ wode mframa a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye (HEPA) yiyi mu di dwuma wɔ fie a, ebetumi aboa ma wɔayi nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew afi mframa no mu.

Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ wohu ntɛm na wɔsa no yiye a, wobetumi asan ahurututu mu yare no kɛse. Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a emu yɛ den a, ebia wo sɛnkyerɛnne no befi hɔ wɔ nna kakraa bi mu bere a woayi nea ɛde ba no afi baabi a atwa wo ho ahyia no akyi.

Mpɛn pii no, nneɛma a epira kakraa bi a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu bere tenten na ɛde tebea horow a ɛba fam ba. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no betumi atra hɔ asram pii na ebehia sɛ wɔsa yare.

Nanso, mpɛn pii no, ɔsɛe a ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea de ba no yɛ nea ɛtra hɔ daa . Nanso, nnuru ne ayaresa betumi atew sɛnea yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den no so.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Ahurututu mu Yare ne Ahurututu mu Yare ntam?

Eyi yɛ biribi a ɛma nnipa pii adwene tu fra. Ma yɛnhwɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda abien no ntam:

• Ahurututu mu yare: Eyi yɛ ahurututu mu ntini a ɛyɛ hyew a ɔyare mmoawa biara nni mu . Saa ɔfe yi ka ntini a ɛwɔ ahurututu no afasu, nanso nsu anaa akisikuru biara nboaboa ano. Ahurututu mu yare ma ɔfe a ɛyɛ kusuu .
• Ahurututu mu yare: Eyi yɛ ɔyare mmoawa, mmoawa, anaa fungal yare a ɛba ahurututu mu. Eyi nso yɛ ahurututu mu yare bi, nanso wɔ eyi mu no, nea ɛka ɔfe ho no, nsu anaa akisikuru boaboa ano wɔ ahurututu mu ntini no mu. Eyi betumi ama ɔfe a ɛma nsu a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono, anaa mogya (ɔfe a ɛyɛ nsu) aba .

Awiei koraa no, nneɛma kakraa bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Ahurututu mu yare yɛ ahurututu mu ntini a ɛyɛ hyew. Sɛ obi de ne ho hyɛ nneɛma a ɛde ba no mu kyɛ a, ebetumi asɛe ahurututu no kɛse. Enti, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn bere a yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no da adi ara pɛ . Eyi betumi asiw ɔsɛe a wontumi nsakra no ano. Oduruyɛfo no betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu, ahu sɛnea wo tebea no mu yɛ den, na waboa ma wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so atew na ama ayɛ mmerɛw ama wo sɛ wobɛhome.

Sɛ wuhu sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a, mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wobɛkwati nneɛma a ɛde ba no, wobɛnom nnuru a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no, na woayɛ ahomegye apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ sɛnea wo duruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo no. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no nneɛma yi ho asɛm:

• Dɛn nti na minyaa ahurututu mu yare?
• So mewɔ acute anaasɛ chronic?
• Dɛn ne ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so atwe wo ho afi nneɛma a ɛde ba no ho?
• So m’ahurututu asɛe koraa?
• Aduru bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
• Bere tenten ahe na ebegye ansa na me ho atɔ me?
• Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mesan ba ma sɔhwɛ no?
• So ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wote nka sɛ wuntumi nhome a, kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo anaa frɛ nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara .

` Ahurututu mu yare, Ahurututu mu yare, Ahurututu mu yare, Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den, Ɔhome mu yare, Allergies, Ahurututu mu yare