So wo ba kumaa no rehyia ɔhaw wɔ ahomegye mu? Momma yɛnka Reactive Airway Disease (RAD) ho asɛm!

So obi a ɔwɔ wo fie, ebia w’ankasa wo ba ketewa, anaa w’ankasa mpo, nya ɔfe a ɛkɔ so tra hɔ mpofirim a ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome, ɛte sɛ nea wo moma so twitwiw, na ɛtaa de ahurututu ba? Ɛtɔ da bi a oduruyɛfo betumi aka sɛ, "Eyi betumi ayɛ `Reactive Airway Disease` anaa `RAD`" bere a wohu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi. Enti ebia woredwen ho sɛ, "Oo, dɛn ne yare foforo yi?" Mma ɛnhaw wo, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka nea `RAD` yɛ, sɛnea ɛkɔ so, nea ɛyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow, ne nea ɛyɛ ayaresa ahorow, wɔ ɔkwan tiawa a wubetumi ate ase so.

Dɛn ankasa ne Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)` nyɛ yareɛ a wɔasi so dua sɛ ɛyɛ yareɛ, na saa ara nso na wɔmfa din pɔtee bi mma no. Ɛyɛ bere tiaa mu din kɛse. Nnuruyɛfo de asɛmfua yi di dwuma bere a wo anaa wo ba no wɔ ɔhome mu haw a ɛte sɛ ayamtu, nanso wontumi nhu nea ɛde ba ankasa.

Susuw ho hwɛ, yɛn ahurututu no wɔ nneɛma nketenkete a ɛte sɛ ntini a ɛde mframa kɔ mu na efi mu (yɛfrɛ saa ahurututu mu ntini yi), na sɛ saa ntini no hohoro na ɛyɛ teateaa a, ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛhome. Eyi ne nea ɛkɔ so wɔ RAD mu.

Ɛho hia sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow sɛ `Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)` ne `Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS)` yɛ tebea horow abien. Ɛwom sɛ edin ahorow no di nsɛ kakra de, nanso ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔma tebea abien yi frafra. `RADS` yɛ tebea a ɛtaa ba bere a obi anya mframa a awuduru wom mpofirim, kɛse akyi.

Enti, sɛ oduruyɛfo ka sɛ `RAD` a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ, "Yiw, biribi asɛe wɔ wo home nhyehyɛe no ho, na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii de hu nea ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ." Ɛtɔ da bi a wote sɛ nnuruyɛfo de nsɛmfua `RAD` ne `Asthma` di dwuma de sesa wɔn ho wɔn ho, nanso ɛnkyerɛ ade koro. `RAD` yɛ bere tiaa mu din a wɔde di dwuma kosi sɛ wobehu yare no yiye.

Dɛn ne RAD ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow? Wote nka dɛn?

Obi a ɔwɔ RAD betumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Ɔfe a ɛkɔ so tra hɔ: Ebia ɔfe yi nso de nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ bɛka ho.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ tiaa anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome (dyspnea): Nkate a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ontumi home na ɛsɛ sɛ ɔyɛ adwumaden na wahome.
• Wheezing: "Whooshing" anaa "whooshing" nnyigyei a efi koko mu ba bere a worehome.
• Koko a ɛyɛ den: Nkate a ɛma wo mu yɛ duru, te sɛ nea obi repiapia wo moma so.

Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ama woate nka sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ koraa. Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne koko a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛkanyan RAD?

Nneɛma pii nti na ebia nnuruyɛfo rehyia ɔhaw wɔ ahomegye mu, a wɔfrɛ no bere tiaa bi sɛ `RAD.' Ebi ne:

• Nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw:Nneɛma te sɛ mfutuma, pollen, nnuan bi, ne mmoa nhoma a ne ho yɛ no hyew. Susuw ho hwɛ, mmofra nkumaa binom ho yɛ wɔn yaw mpofirim bere a wɔte mfutuma hua anaasɛ wɔbɛn ɔkraman bi no, ɛnte saa? Saa na ɛte.
• Mmoawa anaa mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba: Nyarewa te sɛ atiridiinini, atiridiinini, ne ahurututu mu yare betumi ama mframa kwan no ahonhon.
• Nnuru wusiw, nnuhuam, anaa wusiw: Nneɛma te sɛ nnuhuam bi a ano yɛ den, wusiw a ekum nkoekoemmoa, ne nsu a efi nsu a wɔde tew nneɛma ho mu.
• Wusiw: Wusiw biara te sɛ sigaret wusiw, nnua fononoo wusiw, ne kar wusiw.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ: Ebia nnipa binom bɛte ahome tiaa bere a wɔreteɛteɛ wɔn apɔw mu.
• Wim nsakrae: Mframa a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛba mpofirim, ɔhyew a ano yɛ den, baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini, wim nsakrae a ɛba mpofirim.

Eyinom ne nneɛma a ɛde RAD ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ba titiriw.

RAD di bere tenten ahe? So wɔbɛsa no koraa?

Ɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛka eyi yiye. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ `RAD` yɛ bere tiaa mu din, na bere a wɔde bɛsan anya ahoɔden no gyina yare a ɛwɔ ase no so. Sɛ oduruyɛfo bi hu nea ɛde wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba ankasa na ɔkyerɛw wo aduru a ɛfata a, ɔbɛkyerɛ wo bere tenten a ebegye ansa na wo ho atɔ wo.

Henanom na RAD tebea yi ka no kɛse?

Nokwarem no, oduruyɛfo betumi afrɛ obiara a ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome, nanso nea ɛde ba no mu nna hɔ. Nanso, wɔtaa de asɛmfua yi di dwuma ma nkokoaa ne mmofra nkumaa a wɔyɛ mmofra dodo sɛ wɔbɛyɛ wɔn ahurututu mu dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu. Eyi te saa efisɛ abofra no hia ntease ne mmoa pɔtee bi na ama watumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi. Esiane sɛ ɛyɛ den ma nkokoaa nkumaa sɛ wɔbɛyɛ eyi nti, nnuruyɛfo gyina sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so frɛ no `RAD` bere tiaa bi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu RAD?

Sɛ wo anaa wo ba no rehyia ɔhaw wɔ ahomegye mu, anaasɛ wofefe bere nyinaa a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Oduruyɛfo no bebisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm te sɛ sɛ ebia obi wɔ w’abusua mu a wanya ayamtu ho abakɔsɛm anaa.

Afei, oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo. Ne titiriw no, ɔde afiri a wɔde tie asɛm (auscultation) betie w’ahurututu. Eyi bɛma oduruyɛfo no anya nnyigyei a wɔte wɔ ahurututu no mu ne sɛ ebia akwanside bi wɔ hɔ bere a mframa fa mu no ho adwene. Wɔ nhwehwɛmu a edi kan yi akyi no, oduruyɛfo no bɛkamfo nhwehwɛmu afoforo pii akyerɛ de akyerɛ sɛ wɔahu yare no.

Dɛn ne sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛwɔ eyi ho?

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na oduruyɛfo ahu nea ɛde ahome tiaa ba ankasa no, obetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow pii te sɛ:

• Spirometry: Eyi ne ahurututu mu dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu a wɔtaa yɛ. Ɛsusuw mframa dodow a wubetumi ahome na woafi mu ntɛmntɛm. Ebetumi aboa ma woahu sɛ ebia biribi asiw wo mframa kwan no mu anaa.
• Mfoninitwa sɔhwɛ ahorow:Eyinom yɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛnyɛ yaw. Wɔboa ma wohwɛ w’ahurututu, koma, ne nnompe mu.
• Chest X-ray: Wɔde hwɛ sɛ ahurututu mu yare ne ɔhaw afoforo wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Echocardiogram (echo): Ɛhwɛ sɛnea koma no yɛ adwuma. Ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa bi nso betumi afi komayare mu aba.
• CT scan (CT scan - Computed Tomography scan): Nya ahurututu ne koko ho mfonini a emu da hɔ na ɛkɔ akyiri.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Woyi mogya kakraa bi fi ade ketewaa bi mu na wɔsɔ hwɛ sɛ ɔyare mmoawa, akisikuru, anaa ɔfe ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ nipadua no mu anaa.
• Skin prick test: Wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi de hu sɛ ebia wo ho nyɛ wo hyew wɔ biribi ho anaa. Wɔde nneɛma ahorow a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew kakraa bi gu honam ani fã ketewaa bi na wɔsɔ honam ani hwɛbea hwɛ sɛ ebia ɛyɛ biribi.
• ECG (ECG anaa EKG - Electrocardiogram): Eyi sɔ wo koma no anyinam ahoɔden dwumadi hwɛ. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔabu komayare sɛ nea ɛde wo home tiaa ba.
• Pulse oximetry: Eyi yɛ afiri ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ clip a wode gu wo nsateaa so. Ɛkyerɛ oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyi hwɛ sɛ ebia oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no so tew bere a woteɛteɛ w’apɔw mu no.

Wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi nyinaa de hwehwɛ nea ɛde wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba ankasa .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa RAD?

Esiane sɛ `RAD` yɛ bere tiaa mu nkyerɛwde nti, wogyina nhwehwɛmu a ɛwɔ ase no so sa. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛho behia sɛ oduruyɛfo no di kan hu sɛ ebia ayamtu, ɔyare mmoawa, anaa tebea foforo na ɛde wo home mu haw no.

Nanso, wɔ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ mu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ sɛ home yɛ den yiye a, nnuruyɛfo betumi de ayaresa ahorow te sɛ eyinom adi dwuma:

• Bronchodilators: Eyinom ne nea yɛfrɛ no inhalers. Saa nnuru yi yɛ adwuma denam mframa kwan a ayɛ teateaa a ɛtrɛw, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛhome no so. Wɔtaa de di dwuma ma tebea horow te sɛ ayamtu ne COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease).
• Oxygen ayaresa: Eyi boa ma nipadua no nya oxygen dodow a ɛho hia bere a ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome no.
• Epinephrine a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no mu: Sɛ ɛba sɛ obi ho yɛ no yaw kɛse (anaphylaxis) anaasɛ ayamtu a emu yɛ den a, wɔde eyi ma.
• Corticosteroids: Saa nnuru yi brɛ ahurututu mu ɔfe ase. Wɔde sa ayamtu, COPD, ne akisikuru a emu yɛ den.

So Albuterol boa wɔ RAD ho?

Albuterol nso yɛ aduru bi a ɛma ahurututu mu trɛw. Ɛyɛ aduru a ɛma mframa kwan no trɛw. Wɔde sa ayamtu, COPD, ne ahurututu mu akisikuru a apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ de ba. Nanso, sɛ nea ɛde RAD ba no yɛ biribi foforo a, eyi nkutoo rentumi nsa. Ɛho hia sɛ wuhu nea ɛde ba ankasa na wosa.

So wobetumi asiw RAD ano?

Wubetumi ayɛ saa nneɛma yi de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya RAD ho sɛnkyerɛnne no so:

• Twe wo ho fi nneɛma a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew ne nneɛma a ɛkanyan wo a wonim sɛ epira wo no ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo den wɔ mfutuma ho a, tena mmeae a mfutuma nni hɔ na ma wo fie ho ntew yiye.
• Fa nnuru a esiw mframa kwan a ɛho ahonhon (sɛ oduruyɛfo kyerɛw ma no) di dwuma yiye.
• Sɛ wonom sigaret a, gyae koraa na kwati sɛ wode bere bɛkɔ mmeae a afoforo nom sigaret.
• Sɛ wode nnuru reyɛ adwuma a, hyɛ akatawia anaa nneɛma foforo a ɛbɔ wo ho ban wɔ ɔhome ho.

Sɛ wowɔ RAD a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan? Dɛn na ɛbɛba daakye?

Sɛ oduruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo sɛ wowɔ `RAD` a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome, nanso wonnya nhuu nea ɛde ba ankasa . Nha wo ho. Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo, ayɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia, na wabɔ mmɔden sɛ obehu nea ɛde ba. Ɛno ansa na wobetumi afi ayaresa a ɛfata ase.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia w’abusua oduruyɛfo de wo bɛkɔ ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo (ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo) nkyɛn .

Wo ho a wobɛsan atɔ wo ne sɛnea wobɛhwɛ yare no so no gyina sɛnea wobehu wo yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ so. Tebea horow bi betumi asa koraa. Afoforo (te sɛ COPD) betumi ayɛ nea enni sabea na ɛkɔ so nya nkɔso.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn? Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ Dwumadibea a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm (ETU) ?

Sɛ wowɔ RAD ho sɛnkyerɛnne (ɔfe, ahurututu, wo koko a ɛyɛ den), anaasɛ sɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne no ankɔ yiye ɛmfa ho ayaresa a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Nanso, wɔ tebea a ɛte saa mu no, kɔ Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) a ɛbɛn wo ntɛm ara , anaa frɛ 1990:

• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome (sɛ wohwɛ mpo a, wubetumi ahu sɛ ɛyɛ den yiye sɛ wobɛhome).
• Sɛ ahotɔ biara nni hɔ ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔde nnuru a wɔde sa ahome a ɛyɛ den di dwuma (e.g. inhaler).
• Sɛ ɛte sɛ nea oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no sua (te sɛ anofafa ne nsateaa nnadewa a ɛdan bruu).
• Sɛ woreda sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow adi sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew kɛse (anaphylaxis) a, eyi kyerɛ sɛ:
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den kɛse.
• Mogya mmoroso a ɛkɔ fam mpofirim.
• Anofafa a ɛho ahonhon.
• Mmerewa a ɛba mpofirim.
• Nhumu a ɛyera (syncope) anaasɛ ɔtotɔ piti.
• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa (nea woreyɛ anaa baabi a wowɔ a wonte ase).

Wɔ mmere a ɛte sɛɛ mu no, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase koraa. Hwehwɛ nnuruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa oduruyɛfo no?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wubetumi abisa nsɛm te sɛ eyinom sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi ate wo tebea no ase yiye.

• Dɛn na ɛde me `Reactive Airway Disease` tebea no ba?
• So tebea yi ano aduru koraa wɔ hɔ?
• Dɛn na metumi ayɛ na ama me home ayɛ mmerɛw?
• Nnuru bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so ankasa na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde saa aduru yi di dwuma? (e.g., sɛ ɛyɛ inhaler a, sɛnea wɔde bedi dwuma yiye).
• So ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda RAD, ayamtu, ne COPD ntam?

Saa din ahorow yi yɛ nea ɛyɛ basaa kakra. Momma yɛnkae yɛn ho bio sɛ:

• Mframa kwan so yare a ɛyɛ adwuma (RAD): Eyi yɛ bere tiaa mu din. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ biribi asɛe wɔ ɔhome nhyehyɛe no ho, nanso wonnya nhuu nea ɛde ba ankasa.
• Akisikuru: Eyi yɛ yare pɔtee bi. Ɛyɛ tebea a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ. Ɛma mframa kwan no hohoro na ɛyɛ teateaa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia nsu a ɛwɔ mu no bɛboro so.
• COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease): Eyi nso yɛ din a wɔde frɛ nyarewa kuw pɔtee bi. Nea ɛka ho ne nyarewa pii a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a ɛka ahurututu no, ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhome, na bere kɔ so no, ɛyɛ den nkakrankakra (e.g. ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea, ahurututu mu yare).

Enti, oduruyɛfo betumi mfiase no afrɛ `COPD` sɛnkyerɛnne `RAD`, kosi sɛ wobehu sɛnea ɛfata.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Ebia afei wobɛte ase sɛ `Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)` nyɛ ɔyare pɔtee bi a wɔde hu. Nanso, ɛnyɛ bɔne sɛ oduruyɛfo de asɛmfua yi bedi dwuma. Nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ wonnya nhuu nea ɛde wo home mu haw no ba, na wontumi nhu nea ɛyɛ nokware kosi sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow a ɛho hia no dwoodwoo .

Sɛ wo anaa wo ba no wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi a, mma wo ho nnpopo na kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Ɔbɛma wo akwankyerɛ a wuhia. Sɛ w’abusua oduruyɛfo ntumi nhu yare no a, bisa sɛ wɔmfa no nkɔ ahurututu mu oduruyɛfo (Pulmonologist) nkyɛn.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubehu yare no yiye na woafi ayaresa a ɛfata ase. Afei wubetumi ho atɔ wo ntɛm.

` Reactive Airway Disease, RAD, ahome a ɛyɛ den, ɔhome mu yare, ayamtu, ahurututu, mmofra akwahosan, ɔfe, ahurututu