So owia a wobɛbɔ no nyɛ osuahu a ɛyɛ nwonwa? Ɔhyew a wote nka, freshness a wunya... Mpɛn pii no, yepue kɔ owia mu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a yebenya honam ani hwɛbea fɛfɛ a ɛhyerɛn. Nanso ɛmfa ho sɛnea yɛdɔ owia no, owia no nyɛ papa mma yɛn honam ani kɛse. Saa owia yi na ɛma w’anim nwi ne nsensanee a ɛba bere a woanyin no dodow no ara. Wo de susuw eyi ho hwɛ: mmea baanu a wɔadi mfe 40 na wɔwɔ hɔ. Wɔn mu biako bɔ ne honam ani ho ban fi owia ho bere nyinaa. Ɔfoforo no ansusuw ho pii. Nea ɔbɔ ne honam ani ho ban fi owia ho no honam ani betumi ayɛ te sɛ obi a wadi mfe 30 de. Saa na owia a yɛde bɛto yɛn ho so no kyɛ yɛn honam ani.
Yɛtaa susuw honam ani a ɛyɛ fɛ na ɛhyerɛn ho sɛ ɛyɛ akwahosan ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Nanso honam ani honam ani hwɛbea, sɛ́ ebia efi owia mu anaasɛ wɔde afiri a wɔde yɛ honam ani hwɛbea di dwuma no, ma onyin no yɛ ntɛmntɛm ankasa na ɛma honam ani kokoram ho asiane no yɛ kɛse. Bere kɔ so no, UV hann sɛe elastin nhama a ɛwɔ yɛn honam ani no. Sɛ saa nhama yi mu paapae a, honam ani fi ase sɛe na ɛtrɛw. Egye bere tenten nso ansa na honam ani akuru asa. Enti, sɛ owia no sɛe bere a woyɛ abofra mpo a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wubehu nea efi mu ba bere a worenyin no.
Dɛn na owia hann yɛ wo honam ani ankasa?
Owia a wɔde di dwuma dodo betumi asɛe honam ani nneɛma ahorow. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ebetumi ama:
| Tebea horow a owia hann de ba | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛnyɛ den |
|---|---|
| Tebea horow a ɛba ansa na kokoram aba ne kokoram | Honam ani nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛso tew no betumi ama kokoram a enyin (Actinic Keratosis) ne honam ani kokoram (Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Melanoma) aba . |
| Akisikuru a ɛnyɛ hu | Nkuruwankuruwa nketenkete a asiane biara nni ho anaa akisikuru a epue wɔ honam ani. |
| Nwi a ɛyɛ nsensanee | Nwi a ɛyɛ fɛ na emu dɔ wɔ honam ani. |
| Freckles a ɛyɛ mmerɛw | Nsonsonoe nketenkete a ɛyɛ bruu wɔ anim ne nsa so. |
| Wora kɔla a ɛsakra (Mottled pigmentation) . | Wora a ɛyɛ tuntum anaasɛ ɛyɛ nsensanee wɔ mmeae bi. |
| Wora a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ (Sallowness) . | Wora no hwere ne kɔla a ɛfata na ɛbɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ. |
| Mogya ntini nketenkete a ɛda adi wɔ soro (Telangiectasias) . | Mogya ntini nketenkete kɔkɔɔ fi ase pue wɔ honam ani. |
| Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (Elastosis) . | Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ba esiane elastin ne collagen nhama a ɛma honam ani yɛ den no sɛe nti. |
Dɛn ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde honam ani kokoram ba?
Honam ani kokoram ne kokoram a abu so sen biara wɔ wiase. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, honam ani kokoram ne honam ani nkwammoaa a enyin wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so a wontumi nni so. Nkwammoaa a enyin yi ma akisikuru ba. Eyinom bi betumi ayɛ nea ɛnyɛ hu (ɛnyɛ kokoram) na ebi nso betumi ayɛ nea ɛyɛ hu (a ɛnyɛ kokoram).
Honam ani kokoram ahorow atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ:
1. Basal Nkwammoaa mu Kokoram
2. Squamous cell kokoram a ɛma obi nya kokoram
3. Melanoma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
Eyinom mu no, ahorow abien a edi kan (basal cell ne squamous cell) na ɛtaa ba. Wɔsan frɛ eyinom sɛ kokoram a ɛnyɛ melanoma . Wɔnnyɛ aniberesɛm saa na sɛ wohu ntɛm a, wobetumi asa wɔn yare koraa.
Nanso, nea wɔfrɛ no Melanoma no yɛ aniberesɛm kakra. Melanocytes , a ɛma honam ani kɔla, .Saa kokoram yi fi nkwammoaa a wɔfrɛ no s) mu na ɛno na ɛma honam ani kokoram a wowuwu no mu 75%. Sɛ wɔansa a, ebetumi atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo.
Nea ɛde honam ani kokoram ba titiriw ne ultraviolet (UV) mframa a efi owia mu ba. Saa ara na ɛte wɔ UV mframa a efi mpa a wɔde yɛ honam ani hwɛbea mu no ho. UV mframa da so ara kɔ asase so wɔ osutɔ anaa mununkum nna mpo mu, enti ɛyɛ hu sɛ obi bepue a onni ahobammɔ, a wususuw sɛ owia no ano nyɛ den.
Hena na asiane kɛse wom sɛ obenya honam ani kokoram?
Ɛwom sɛ obiara betumi anya honam ani kokoram de, nanso nnipa binom wɔ asiane kɛse mu.
- Wɔn a wɔn honam ani yɛ fitaa yiye a ɛnyɛ den sɛ owia hyew wɔn no.
- Wɔn a wɔn honam ani nsensanee pii wɔ wɔn honam ani no.
- Wɔn a wɔn ani yɛ kɔla yɛ hann no fam no .
- Wɔn a wɔn ti nhwi yɛ bruu anaa kɔkɔɔ no fam no .
- Sɛ wo anaa obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu anya honam ani kokoram pɛn a.
- Wɔn a wɔtaa yɛ adwuma wɔ abɔnten (te sɛ akuafo, adansi adwumayɛfo).
- Wɔn a wɔte mmeae a owia hann pii nya no fam no .
- Sɛ obi nya owia hyew denneennen bere a ɔyɛ abofra a, ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obenya melanoma kokoram no yɛ kɛse.
- Sɛ wowɔ awo agyiraehyɛde akɛse bɛboro 30 a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ wo nipadua so a.
Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ nnipa a wɔn honam ani yɛ tuntum te sɛ yɛn nso betumi anya honam ani kokoram . Ɛwom sɛ asiane no sua de, nanso ɛho da so ara hia sɛ yɛhaw yɛn ho wɔ eyi ho.
Dɛn ne honam ani kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne? Woyɛ dɛn hu no?
Kɔkɔbɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba wɔ honam ani kokoram ho ne nsakrae a ɛba honam ani. Eyi betumi ayɛ akisikuru foforo, nsensanee, anaa akisikuru, anaasɛ nsakrae a ɛba akisikuru a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw mu.
- Basal Cell Carcinoma: Ebetumi afi ase sɛ akuru ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ, a ɛhyerɛn wɔ anim, aso, anaa kɔn mu.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Ebetumi ada adi sɛ akuru kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ ɛyɛ beae a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ɛyɛ mmerɛw, na mogya tu.
- Melanoma: Mpɛn pii no, ɛda adi sɛ bruu/tuntum anaa akuru, nanso ebetumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa fitaa nso. Ɛwom sɛ ɛte sɛ awo agyiraehyɛde a ɛfata de, nanso ne nsusuwii nyɛ nea ɛkɔ so daa.
Mmara bi wɔ hɔ a ɛho hia yiye a wɔfrɛ no ABCDE mmara a wɔde hu melanoma. Ma eyi ntra w’adwenem bere a worehwehwɛ wo honam ani sɛ ebia akisikuru wɔ hɔ anaa.
| ABCDE mmara | Nea ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ so yiye |
|---|---|
| Asɛm a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ | Awo agyiraehyɛde no fã biako ne ɔfã foforo no nyɛ pɛ. Sɛ wokyekyɛ mu abien a, afã abien no nyɛ pɛ. |
| B nhyehyɛe (edge) . | N’ano no bɛyɛ nea emu nna hɔ, ɛyɛ mmerɛw, na ɛyɛ kusuu. |
| Ahosuo | Kɔla ahorow pii a ɛwɔ awo agyiraehyɛde koro mu, te sɛ bruu, tuntum, kɔkɔɔ, fitaa, anaa bruu. |
| Ntrɛwmu | Ne kɛse boro mm 6 (ne kɛse te sɛ pɛnsere a wɔde popa nneɛma). Afei nso, sɛ awo agyiraehyɛde a ne kɛse te biara yɛ kɛse a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. |
| Nsakrae a ɛkɔ so | Nsonsonoe foforo biara anaasɛ nsakrae a ɛba wɔ kɔla, ne nsusuwii, anaa ne kɛse mu wɔ baabi a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no mu, ɛyaw, anaa mogya a ɛretu. |
Sɛ wuhu nsakrae a ɛte sɛɛ a, dɛn na woyɛ?
Mma wo ho nnpopo koraa. Nanso nkyɛ nso. Fa kyerɛ w’abusua oduruyɛfo anaa honam ani yare ho ɔyaresafo ntɛm ara. Ɔbɛhwehwɛ mu na wama wo afotu a ɛho hia.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu honam ani kokoram na wɔsa?
Sɛ oduruyɛfo hu baabi a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ wɔ wo honam ani a, mpɛn pii no wɔbɛfa honam ani fã ketewaa bi (biopsy) de asɔ ahwɛ . Eyi yɛ mmerɛw yiye. Wɔde aduru bi a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw bɛhyɛ beae hɔ, afa were ketewaa bi na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete ahwɛ mu. Eyi bɛboa wɔn ma wɔahu sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram anaasɛ ɛnte saa, ne kokoram ko.
Wɔnam kokoram no su, ne kɛse, beae a kokoram no wɔ, ne nea ɔyarefo no pɛ so na ɛkyerɛ akwan a wɔfa so sa yare no.
- Wɔ kokoram a ɛnyɛ melanoma ho: Nea ɛka ayaresa ahorow ho ne oprehyɛn a wɔde yi honam ani kokoram no ne ntini kakraa bi a ɛte apɔw a atwa ho ahyia, twitwa kokoram nkwammoaa no na wɔde anyinam ahoɔden hyew, awɔw a ano yɛ den a wɔde bɛsɛe nkwammoaa no (cryosurgery), anaasɛ nnuru a wɔde sa yare a wɔde gu nipadua no so.
- Wɔ melanoma ho: Wɔtaa fa oprehyɛn kɛse so yi kokoram no fi hɔ. Wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu ahwɛ sɛ kokoram no atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛma mogya tu no mu anaa. Sɛ kokoram no atrɛw a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔde nnuru te sɛ nnuru a wɔde sa yare sa yare.
Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ eyinom nyinaa mu akyerɛ wo na waboa wo ma woapaw ayaresa a eye ma wo.
Dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ de abɔ yɛn ho ban afi honam ani kokoram ho?
Ɛwom sɛ wontumi nsakra nneɛma a owia sɛe no koraa de, nanso honam ani ho ban a wɔbɛbɔ ho ban daa no betumi aboa ma nneɛma a asɛe no bi asan aba bio. Enti, ɛnka akyi dodo da sɛ wubefi ase abɔ wo honam ani ho ban.
- Ɛsɛ sɛ wode aduru a ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi owia ho: Fa aduru a ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi owia ho a ne SPF yɛ 30 anaa nea ɛboro saa gu so simma 20 ansa na woakɔ abɔnten. Sɛ wo ho fifiri anaasɛ woguare a, san fa gu so nnɔnhwerew abien biara.
- Hyɛ ntade a ɛbɔ wo ho ban: ntade a nsa tenten, kyɛw a ɛtrɛw, ne ahwehwɛ a ɛbɔ wo ho ban wɔ UV ho.
- Kwati owia a ano yɛ den: Bere biara a ɛbɛyɛ yiye no, kwati sɛ wobɛkɔ owia a ano yɛ den no mu tẽẽ wɔ anɔpa 10 kosi awia 2 ntam.
- W’ankasa hwɛ wo honam ani: Anyɛ yiye koraa no, pɛnkoro ɔsram biara, kɔ ahwehwɛ anim kɔhwɛ wo nipadua nyinaa. Hwehwɛ nsensanee foforo, nsensanee, anaa nsakrae a ɛba nsensanee dedaw mu.
- Bɔ wo mma ho ban: Obi nkwa nna nyinaa mu owia a ɔde di dwuma no mu 80% ba ansa na wadi mfe 18. Enti sɛ awofo no, kyerɛkyerɛ mo mma sɛnea wɔbɛbɔ wɔn ho ban afi owia ho fi wɔn mmofraase. Yɛ nhwɛso pa.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Ultraviolet (UV) mframa a efi owia mu no ne ade titiriw a ɛde honam ani kokoram ba. Saa hann yi du asase so nna a mununkum wɔ hɔ mpo.
- Hwɛ wo honam ani daa, titiriw denam ABCDE mmara a wobɛkae na woahwɛ nsakrae a ɛba wo honam ani ntini mu no so.
- Sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ wɔ wo honam ani, baabi foforo anaa akuru foforo a, mma wo ho nnpopo anaasɛ ntwentwɛn wo nan ase, na mmom kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.
- Fa yɛ wo su sɛ wode SPF 30+ aduru a ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi owia ho bedi dwuma, hyɛ kyɛw, ne ntade a ɛbɔ wo ho ban bere biara a wobɛkɔ abɔnten.
- Sɛ wohu ntɛm a, honam ani kokoram dodow no ara tumi sa koraa, enti sɛ́ wobɛma wo ho ada hɔ na woabɔ ho ban no ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara.
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