Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte nka sɛ woayɛ basaa na woahaw bere a wɔahu sɛ wo ba no anya Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) no. Ebia wowɔ nsɛmmisa pii wɔ w'adwene mu, te sɛ "Dɛn na mɛyɛ mprempren?" "Me ba daakye bɛyɛ dɛn?" Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo. Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ ɛnyɛ wo nkutoo, na ayaresa pii wɔ hɔ nnɛ a ebetumi aboa mmofra yi ma wɔanya wɔn ahoɔden, adi wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma, na wɔabɔ bra pa.
Autism nyɛ tebea a ɛyɛ nea ɛfata obiara. Ɛte sɛ spectrum kɛse. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ mmofra binom betumi anya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu nyɛ den koraa, bere a afoforo nso betumi anya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den kɛse. Enti, ebia ayaresa koro no ara a wɔde ma abofra biako no remfata mma ɔfoforo. Wogyina wo ba no ankorankoro ahiade, nsɛnnennen, ne n’ahoɔden so na ɛpaw ayaresa. Botae titiriw a ɛwɔ saa ayaresa ahorow yi nyinaa mu ne sɛ ɛbɛtew wo ba no yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so na ama wanya mmoa kɛse ama ne adesua ne ne nkɔso nyinaa.
Ayaresa ahorow a ɛma nneyɛe ne nkitahodi tu mpɔn
Eyinom ne ayaresa atitiriw ne nea ɛho hia sen biara a wɔde sa autism. Wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛma abofra no fekubɔ ho nimdeɛ, nkitahodi ho nimdeɛ, ne ne nneyɛe atu mpɔn.
Suban Ho Nhwehwɛmu a Wɔde Di Dwuma (ABA) .
Eyi yɛ ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so wɔ sukuu ne ayaresabea ahorow mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛboa ma abofra suban pa yɛ kɛse na ɛtew nneyɛe bɔne so . Saa kwan yi tumi nya ahokokwaw ahorow, na akwan horow wɔ hɔ a wobetumi de adi dwuma a egyina abofra no ahiade so.
- Discrete Trial Training (DTT): Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wonya ahokokwaw denam adesua a ɛnyɛ den ne ahoɔden pa a wɔde hyɛ mu den bere a abofra no yɛ biribi yiye no.
- Pivotal Response Training (PRT): Eyi botae ne sɛ ɛbɛkanyan abofra no ma wasua ade na ɔne afoforo adi nkitaho.
- Early In TENS ive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI): Eyi ne ɔkwan a edi mu sen biara ma mmofra nkumaa a wonnii mfe 5.
- Verbal Behavior Intervention (VBI): Eyi twe adwene si abofra no kasa ne ɔkasa ho nimdeɛ a wɔbɛma anya nkɔso so titiriw.
| Ɔkwan a wɔfa so sa yare | Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a... |
|---|---|
| Fam bere (DIR format) . | Wɔ eyi mu no, awofo ne wɔn ba tra fam na wɔde agodie a wɔn ani gye ho di agoru. Botae no ne sɛ ɔbɛhyɛn abofra no wiase no mu na ɔne no adi agoru, na wanya nkate ne nkitahodi ho nimdeɛ. |
| TEACCH Ɔkwan a Wɔfa so Yɛ | Eyi yɛ ɔkwan a egyina nsɛnkyerɛnne a wɔde aniwa hu so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔde mfonini nkrataa di dwuma de kyerɛkyerɛ da biara da nnwuma a wɔyɛ no anammɔn biara te sɛ sɛnea wɔhyɛ atade. |
| PECS (Mfonini Nsesa Nkitahodi Nhyehyɛe) . | Eyi nso yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so hu ade. Nanso ɛha no, sɛ́ anka wɔde mfonini bedi dwuma no, wɔde agyiraehyɛde soronko na edi dwuma. Ɛdenam saa agyiraehyɛde ahorow yi so no, abofra no sua sɛnea obebisa nsɛm na wabisa nea ɔpɛ. |
| Adwumayɛ mu Ayaresa | Saa ayaresa yi kyerɛkyerɛ abofra no asetra mu nimdeɛ te sɛ sɛnea wɔn ankasa bedidi, asiesie wɔn ho, na wɔaguare. Botae no ne sɛ wɔbɛboa abofra no ma watra ase wɔ ahofadi mu sɛnea obetumi biara. |
| Nkate mu Nkitahodi Ayaresa | Mmofra binom mpɛ akanea a ɛhyerɛn, nnyigyei bi, anaa nea wɔde wɔn nsa ka, na wɔn ho yeraw wɔn. Saa ayaresa yi boa wɔn ma wogyina nkate mu nsɛm a ɛte saa ano na wotumi gyina ano. |
Mmoa a efi Nnuru a Wɔde Ma
Ade a edi kan a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae ne sɛ wonni aduru biara a wɔde sa autism, na aduru pɔtee biara nni hɔ a wɔde sa autism.
Enti, dɛn nti na nnuruyɛfo kyerɛw nnuru ma? Wɔde nnuru sa ɔhaw afoforo a ebetumi aba wɔ autism ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, abufuw a ɛtra so ne nneyɛe a ɛyɛ basabasa a mmofra binom nya, nna a wontumi nna, ne nea ɛkeka ho.Nnuru betumi aboa ma wɔadi tebea horow te sɛ adwene a ɛnteɛ, akisikuru, anaa adwenemhaw so.
Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ nea efi mu ba no di yiye kɛse bere a wɔde nnuru ka nneyɛe ho ayaresa a yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ho ma no.
Mprempren, FDA a ɛwɔ United States no apene nnuru ahorow abien pɛ a wɔde ma mmofra a wɔwɔ autism so.
1. Risperidone (Risperdal): Wɔkyerɛw eyi na ama abufuw ne basabasayɛ a ɛboro so so atew wɔ mmofra a wɔadi fi mfe 5 kosi 16 mu.
2. Aripiprazole (Abilify): Wobetumi de saa aduru yi ama mmofra a wɔadi fi mfe 6 kosi 17.
Eyinom akyi no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuruyɛfo betumi akyerɛw nnuru afoforo (e.g. SSRIs, nnuru a wɔde ko tia dadwen), nanso wɔmpene so pɔtee mma autism.
Enti, nea ɛho hia paa ne sɛ wo duruyɛfo nkutoo na ɛsɛ sɛ osi gyinae sɛ ebia wo ba hia nnuru, na sɛ ɛte saa a, nea ɔde bɛma wɔn. Mma wo ba no aduru biara da a wunni aduruyɛ mu afotu.
Momma Yɛn Nsusuw Aduandi Ho nso
Abenfo nkamfo aduan pɔtee bi mma mmofra a wɔwɔ autism, nanso ɛho hia yiye sɛ abofra nya aduan pa a ɛfata.
Awofo binom bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobeyi awi a gluten wom ne nufusu a casein wom afi wɔn mma aduan mu de ahwɛ sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no tu mpɔn anaa. Nanso nyansahu mu nhwehwɛmu biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nnuan yi a woyi fi hɔ no ma autism sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no nya nkɔso pefee.
Nokwarem no, nneɛma te sɛ nufusu a wɔto ano hye no betumi ama abofra anya aduannuru a ehia na ama nnompe anyin na ama ne nnompe ayɛ mmerɛw. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ mmofra a wɔwɔ autism no taa nya nnompe a ɛyɛ tratraa kakra sen mmofra a wɔtaa yɛ no, enti ɛho hia sɛ wɔma wɔn nnuan a calcium pii wom, a ɛhyɛ nnompe mu den.
Enti, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wubehu aduan ho ɔbenfo anaa aduan ho ɔbenfo bi na wayɛ aduan pa ho nhyehyɛe a ɛfata wo ba no ahiade. Afei wubetumi ahwɛ ahu sɛ wo ba no renya aduannuru a ohia nyinaa.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Autism nyɛ yare, na mmom ɛyɛ tebea a wobetumi de ayaresa adi ho dwuma. Mma ɛnhaw wo, akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so aboa wo ba.
- Ɛsono abofra biara, enti ayaresa nhyehyɛe no bɛyɛ soronko wɔ abofra biara mu. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa na paw nea ɛyɛ adwuma yiye ma wo ba no.
- Suban ne nkitahodi ho ayaresa ne akwan titiriw a wɔfa so sa yare. Eyinom de mmoa kɛse ma abofra no ahokokwaw nkɔso.
- Aduru pɔtee biara nni hɔ a wɔde sa autism. Wɔde nnuru ma de siw sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo a ɛfa ho (te sɛ abufuw, nna a wontumi nna) so nkutoo. Mfa aduru biara mma a wunni aduruyɛ mu afotu.
- Mma nsɔ nnuan a wonni ho adanse (te sɛ nea gluten nnim) nhwɛ. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo anaa aduannuru ho ɔbenfo nkasa mfa aduan a ɛkari pɛ ho.
💬 Comments (0)
Wɔnnya nyɛɛ nsɛm biara. Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho wɔ ha nea edi kan.
Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho