Wanene wannan likitan binciken cututtuka? Bari mu yi bayani dalla-dalla game da wannan!

Shin kun taɓa jin labarin ' Likitan Binciken Laifuka'? Wataƙila kun taɓa ganin wannan sunan a wani shirin binciken laifuka a talabijin ko a jarida. Su waye waɗannan mutanen? Menene muhimmiyar rawar da suke takawa? A yau za mu yi magana game da duk wannan ta hanya mai sauƙi, kamar muna magana da aboki.

Wanene wannan likitan binciken cututtuka?

A taƙaice dai, likitan binciken cututtuka likita ne na musamman. Amma wannan likitan ba wai kawai yana maganin cututtuka ba ne. Babban aikinsu shine su binciki mutuwar da ba a zata ba, wadda ake zargi, wadda ba ta dace ba, ko kuma wadda ake zargi da ta'addanci. Ka yi tunanin, idan wani ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani kuma dalilin ba a fayyace ba, ko kuma idan akwai zargin cewa laifi ne, to a nan ne ake buƙatar taimakon wannan likitan binciken cututtuka.

Shin kun san yadda waɗannan mutanen suke yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen? A mafi yawan lokuta , suna yin gwajin gawar mamacin ta hanyar likita sannan su gano musabbabin mutuwar da kuma yadda ta faru. Don haka aikin waɗannan mutanen yana da alaƙa da magani da kuma doka.

To, menene "Pathology" da "Forensics"?

Bari mu fahimci waɗannan kalmomi biyu kaɗan.

"Pathology" wani reshe ne na musamman na magani. Ya ƙunshi ɗaukar samfuran kyallen jiki da kuma yin gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje don gano cututtuka ko samun bayanai don dalilai na bincike . Misali, idan kana da wata cuta, likita ya ɗauki ƙaramin yanki na kyallen daga gare ka (biopsy) ya aika shi don gwaji, ko ba haka ba? Wannan shine abin da cutar ke nufi.

Kalmar "Forensic" tana nufin "dangantaka da hanyoyin kimiyya don magance laifuka." Duk da haka, ba kowace mutuwa da likitan binciken cututtuka ya bincika dole ne ta zama laifi ba. Wani lokaci wani yana mutuwa sakamakon haɗari ko rashin lafiya da ba a gano ba. Waɗannan mutane suna taimakawa wajen bayyana duk wannan.

Wadanne fannoni ne likitan binciken cututtuka ya ƙware a kansu?

Waɗannan likitocin suna da ƙwarewa ta musamman da ilimi fiye da na likitocin gabaɗaya. Wasu daga cikin manyan fannoni na ƙwarewa sun haɗa da:

• Ilimin Guba: Wannan fanni na magani yana nazarin nau'ikan guba, yadda suke shafar jiki, da kuma yadda ake gane su . Misali, ana binciken gubar da iskar gas kamar carbon monoxide, cizon maciji, cizon kwari, da magunguna kamar opioids ko shan barasa fiye da kima ke haifarwa a wannan fanni.

• Nazarin harsasai da raunin da suke haifarwa (raunin ballistics da ballistics): A cikin wannanYana nazarin motsin abubuwa kamar harsasai da tasirinsu a jiki . Ta hanyar duba raunin mutumin da aka harba, za ku iya gano abubuwa da yawa, kamar irin bindigar da aka harba da kuma nisan da aka harba ta.

• Shaidar da aka gano: Wannan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Yana nufin ƙananan abubuwa da ake bari a baya lokacin da abubuwa biyu ko mutane biyu suka yi karo . Misali, zare a kan tufafi, ruwan jiki, ragowar foda, gashi, yatsan hannu, da sauransu. Waɗannan ƙananan abubuwa na iya taimakawa wajen magance manyan laifuka.

• Ilimin halittar jini: Wannan ya ƙunshi duba jini da sauran ruwan jiki ta hanyar amfani da na'urar hangen nesa (microscope), ko amfani da na'urori na musamman (analyzers) don yin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban akan waɗannan samfuran. Wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance nau'in jini da kuma ko akwai wasu cututtuka.

• Fasahar DNA: Wataƙila kun ji labarin DNA. Ya ƙunshi nazarin kayan kwayoyin halitta (DNA) da amfani da shi a binciken laifuka. Misali, ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen DNA don kwatanta samfurin DNA da aka samu a wurin aikata laifi da DNA na wanda ake zargi, ko kuma don tabbatar da asalin mamacin.

Me ainihin likitan binciken cututtuka yake yi?

Bari mu duba manyan ayyukansu. Idan wani ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani ko kuma da ƙarfi, babban aikinsu shine tantance musabbabin mutuwar, lokacin mutuwar, da kuma yadda mutuwar ta kasance (watau, ko kisan kai ne, kisan kai, haɗari, mutuwar halitta, ko wani abu da ba za a iya tantancewa da tabbas ba).

Don yin waɗannan abubuwa, likitan binciken cututtuka yana bin waɗannan matakai:

1. Tabbatar da asalin mamacin ko tattara bayanai da ake buƙata don tabbatar da asalinsa: Wani lokaci akwai lokutan da yake da wuya a gano ko wanene mamacin. A wannan lokacin, waɗannan mutanen suna taimakawa wajen gano asalinsa ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na kimiyya.

2. Nazarin tarihin lafiyar mamacin: Wannan yana nufin duba cututtukan da mamacin ya yi a baya da kuma magungunan da ya sha, domin wasu lokutan hakan na iya shafar mutuwa.

3. Idan laifi ne, a tantance shaidar da ke wurin da aka aikata laifin dangane da mutuwar: Waɗannan mutanen suna bincika yadda mutuwar take da alaƙa da shaidar da 'yan sanda suka tattara.

4. Gudanar da gwajin gawa don gano shaidar rauni ko rashin lafiya: Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin abin da yawancin mutane suka sani. Ana duba gawar, raunuka na ciki, alamun cutar,Ana samun irin waɗannan abubuwa. Ana buƙatar a rubuta wannan shaidar a hankali, domin zai zama da matuƙar muhimmanci a shari'ar kotu daga baya.

5. Tattara da kuma nazarin shaidun zahiri daga jiki: A wannan lokacin, abubuwan da muka yi magana a kansu a baya, kamar zare da gashi, ana tattara su a aika su don gwaji.

Bayan an kammala duk waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, likitan binciken cututtuka zai shirya rahoto a rubuce wanda ke bayanin musabbabin, lokaci, da kuma yadda mutuwar ta faru . Haka kuma ana iya buƙatar su bayar da shaida game da waɗannan binciken a matsayin ƙwararriyar shaida a kotu, idan ya cancanta.

Muhimmin bayani: Masana binciken cututtuka a wasu lokutan suna duba marasa lafiya da ke raye waɗanda aka yi musu fyade ko kuma aka ci zarafinsu.

Ina waɗannan likitocin binciken cututtuka suke aiki?

Sau da yawa, likitocin binciken cututtuka suna aiki a ofisoshin Likitoci ko Masu Binciken Gawarwaki a ƙarƙashin majalisar birni ko ta yanki. Wato, a cibiyoyin gwamnati. Bugu da ƙari, wasu suna ba da ayyukan binciken gawarwaki bayan mutuwa a asibitoci, makarantun likitanci, ko ta hanyar cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu ga lauyoyi da iyalai.

Waɗannan mutanen suna ɓatar da mafi yawan lokacinsu a wurin ajiye gawawwaki suna yin gwaje-gwajen bayan mutuwar wani ko kuma a dakin gwaje-gwaje suna duba samfuran nama. Duk da haka, wani lokacin dole ne su je wurin da aka mutu don yin aiki tare da masu binciken 'yan sanda.

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin Likitan Binciken Cututtuka, Likitan Binciken Gano Mutuwa, da Mai Duba Lafiya?

Waɗannan sunaye uku na iya ɗan ruɗani. Bari mu ga ma'anarsu.

• Ilimin Halayen Dabbobi wani reshe ne na musamman na likitanci. Wato, likitan halayya na shari'a mutum ne wanda dole ne ya sami digirin likitanci kuma ya sami horo na musamman.
• "Mai Binciken Lafiya" lakabi ne na aiki wanda galibi ake bai wa likitan binciken lafiya da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin gwamnati. Wato, mai binciken lafiya wataƙila ƙwararren likitan binciken lafiya ne.
• "Mai binciken gawar" jami'in gwamnati ne da aka naɗa ko aka zaɓa wanda ke tabbatar da musabbabin mutuwar. Masu binciken gawar sau da yawa ba likitoci ba ne. Saboda haka, yawanci suna aiki tare da likitan binciken gawar. Kuna iya ganin wannan tsarin a Sri Lanka ma.

A taƙaice dai, likitan binciken cututtuka na zamani mutum ne mai matakin koyo na likitanci. Sauran mukamai biyu na iya bambanta dangane da tsarin shari'a na wasu ƙasashe.

Ta yaya ake zama likitan binciken cututtuka?

Wannan ba tafiya ce mai sauƙi ba. Zama likitan binciken cututtuka yana buƙatar aiki tuƙuru da nazari mai yawa. Hanya ta gaba ɗaya da za a bi ita ce:

1. Kammala karatun kafin fara aikin likitanci a jami'a sannan ka sami digiri.

2. Yi rijista a makarantar likitanci kuma ka kammala digirin likitanci ("MD - Doctor of Medicine" ko "DO - Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine").Wannan yayi daidai da digirin 'MBBS' a Sri Lanka.

3. Kammala aƙalla shekaru uku na horon likitanci na digiri na biyu ('Shirin horar da zama'). Wannan ya shafi fannoni biyu na Ilimin Halittar Jiki da Ilimin Halittar Jiki.

4. Cin jarrabawar kwararru a hukumar gudanarwa. Misali, a Amurka, kana buƙatar samun wannan takardar shaidar daga wata ƙungiya kamar Hukumar Kula da Cututtuka ta Amurka.

5. Sannan, kammala horo na musamman na zumunci a fannin cututtukan ido. Wannan shine mafi girman matakin horo na ƙwararru a wannan fanni.

Ka gani, wannan tsari ne mai tsawo na ilimi da horo. Haƙuri, sadaukarwa, da kuma sha'awar da ake da ita ga wannan fanni suna da matuƙar muhimmanci.

Tsawon wane lokaci wannan tafiyar take ɗauka?

A matsakaici, yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 13 kafin a zama likitan binciken cututtuka. Wannan ya haɗa da ilimin kafin aikin likitanci, makarantar likitanci, horar da zama a wurin zama, da kuma horar da zumunci. Don haka babban aiki ne.

A ƙarshe, abin da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Likitocin da ke binciken cututtuka na asibiti rukuni ne na kwararrun likitoci waɗanda ke yin wani muhimmin aiki a bayan fage. Idan wani mutuwa da ba a zata ba ko kuma wanda ake zargi ta faru, iliminsu da ƙwarewarsu suna da mahimmanci don tantance ainihin dalilin da kuma tabbatar da an yi adalci. Kodayake wani lokacin ba mu jin labarin waɗannan mutanen sosai, gudummawar da suke bayarwa ga tsarin gudanar da adalci a cikin al'umma tana da matuƙar muhimmanci.

Ka yi tunani, idan wani ya mutu sakamakon haɗari, laifi, ko kuma saboda wani dalili, tambayoyi nawa ne 'yan uwa suke yi? "Me ya sa wannan ya faru?", "Wa ke da alhakin wannan?" Abubuwa kamar haka. Masana ilimin binciken laifuka suna yin babban aiki na samar da amsoshin kimiyya ga waɗannan tambayoyin, kuma wataƙila suna ba da shaidar da ake buƙata don gurfanar da wanda ya aikata laifin a gaban shari'a idan akwai.

Don haka, lokaci na gaba da ka ji labarin "Likitan Binciken Cututtuka" (forensic Pathologist), yanzu ka san su wanene kuma irin sabis mai mahimmanci da suke bayarwa.

` Ilimin Halayyar Bil Adama, Likitan Cututtuka, Gwajin Gawawwaki, Gwajin Bayan Gawawwaki, DNA, Toxicology, Likitan Shari'a, Likitan Cututtukan Bil Adama, Gwajin Gawawwaki