Shin kana da jajayen ƙwayoyin halitta masu kama da ƙaya a cikin jininka? Bari mu koyi game da (Acanthocytosis)!

Shin kun taɓa jin labarin ƙwayoyin jinin ja a cikin jininku? Yawanci, suna zagaye, kamar ƙananan ƙwallo masu faɗi. Amma wani lokacin, waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja na iya canza siffa kuma su ɗauki siffar da ba a saba gani ba, mai kaifi, mai kama da ƙaya. Wannan shine abin da ake kira kalmar likitanci don wannan yanayin `(Acanthocytosis)`. Kawai ku yi tunani, kalmar Girkanci "acan" tana nufin ƙaya, wani abu kamar ƙaya. "Cyte" tana nufin ƙwayar halitta. Don haka, "ƙwayoyin masu kama da ƙaya" ita ce ma'anar wannan.

A gaskiya, duk muna da ƴan ƙwayoyin halitta masu ƙaya (Acanthocytes) a cikin jininmu. Yawanci ba babbar matsala ba ce. Amma, idan kuna da waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta masu ƙaya da yawa a cikin jininku, to a lokacin ne wasu ƙananan matsaloli suka fara tasowa. Shin kun san abin da ke faruwa? Muna da wani ɓoyayyen gabobi da ake kira spleen . Yana aiki kamar matattara wanda ke tsaftace jininmu. Abin da spleen ke yi shine gano tsoffin ƙwayoyin halitta da suka lalace a cikin jini sannan ya lalata su. Don haka, lokacin da waɗannan ƙwayoyin jini masu ƙaya suka ratsa ta cikin spleen, spleen yana tunanin, "Oh, waɗannan suna kama da datti, ba sa kama da ƙwayoyin halitta na yau da kullun." Sannan spleen ya fara lalata waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta masu ƙaya da sauri. Idan hakan ta faru, adadin ƙwayoyin jini masu lafiya a jikinku na iya raguwa. Wannan ana kiransa anemia ko "hemolytic anemia". Wato, rashin jini da ke faruwa sakamakon rugujewar ƙwayoyin jini ja. Ba wai kawai wannan ba, wannan yanayin da ake kira "Acanthocytosis" na iya zama alamar wasu cututtuka da rikitarwa da dama. Saboda haka, idan aka sami waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙaya a cikin jini, hakan na iya taimaka wa likitoci su gano wasu cututtuka da ke haifar da hakan.

To, waɗanne irin alamomi za mu iya samu saboda wannan `(Acanthocytosis)`?

Idan saifa ta lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja da sauri saboda cutar sickle cell, wata cuta da ake kira "hemolytic anemia" na faruwa. Kuna iya fuskantar alamu kamar:

• Rawaya a fata da idanu: Muna kuma kiran wannan "jaundice", kamar abin da ke faruwa idan wasu mutane suka kamu da zazzabin rawaya.
• Jin gajiya sosai: Ba wai kawai gajiya ba ne, har ma da jin gajiya komai yawan barcin da kake yi.
• Wahalar numfashi: Jin ƙarancin numfashi koda da ɗan motsa jiki (dyspnea).
• Saurin bugun zuciya: Jin bugun kirjinka da sauri ko da lokacin da kake tsaye kawai (tachycardia).
• Jini a cikin fitsari: Wani lokaci fitsarin na iya zama ja ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu (hematuria).
• Ciwon ciki: Wannan yakan faru ne sakamakon kumburin saifa.

Baya ga waɗannan alamomin, wasu alamomin na iya faruwa dangane da cutar da ke haifar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta masu ƙyalli a jikinka. Ka yi la'akari da haka, ga wasu mutane:

• Rage nauyi: Idan kai ƙarami ne, girma zai iya zama a hankali.
• Matsalolin daidaita ayyukan tsoka: Kamar rashin daidaito (ataxia).
• Motsin sassan jiki ba tare da son rai ba wanda mutum ba zai iya sarrafawa ba: misali, ƙiftawa ko juya wuya (tics).
• Wahalar tunani da tunawa: Jin kamar kwakwalwarka tana raguwa (rashin fahimta).
• Matsalolin narkewar abinci.
• Faɗin bayan gida: Wannan na iya faruwa idan kitse bai narke yadda ya kamata ba (steatorrhea).
• Fitsari mai launin duhu.

Idan kana da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan alamun, ya fi kyau ka ga likita da wuri-wuri.

Me yasa waɗannan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta masu yaɗuwa suke samuwa a cikin jininmu? Menene dalilan?

A taƙaice dai, babban abin da ke haifar da `(Acanthocytosis)` shine tasirin da ke kan membrane na waje na ƙwayoyin jinin ja, wato `(membrane na tantanin halitta).` Wannan membrane na tantanin halitta ya ƙunshi kitse `(lipids)` da furotin . Don haka, idan akwai wata cuta ko yanayi da ke shafar waɗannan muhimman abubuwan, siffar zagaye ta yau da kullun na ƙwayoyin jinin ja tana canzawa kuma suna fara ɗaukar wannan siffar kamar ƙaya.

Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta da aka gyara, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, ba a tace su cikin sauƙi lokacin da suka ratsa ta cikin maniyyi ba. Saboda haka, maniyyi yana lalata su. Wani lokaci, maimakon lalata waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta, maniyyi yana ɓoye wasu daga cikin kashin bayansu kuma yana mayar da su cikin jini. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta da aka gyara wani lokaci ana kiransu `(ƙwayoyin halitta masu ƙarfi)`.

Ga wasu daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke haifar da acanthocytosis:

• Mummunan ciwon hanta: Kwayoyin Spur galibi suna nuna wata mummunar cutar hanta, wani lokacin kuma suna barazana ga rayuwa. Wasu mutanen da ke fama da cutar hanta suna kamuwa da wata cuta da ake kira spur cell anemia (SPA). Wannan yana nufin suna da ƙwayoyin spur a cikin jininsu, kuma suna da ƙarancin adadin ƙwayoyin ja.
• Abetalipoproteinemia: Wannan cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta ba, wadda take faruwa a kwayoyin halitta. Wato, ana gadonta ne daga iyaye zuwa ga yara. Wannan cuta tana sa jiki ya kasa shan kitse da bitamin masu narkewar kitse yadda ya kamata (bitamin A, D, E, K).
• Neuroacanthocytosis: Wannan kuma wata cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta da ba kasafai ake samunta ba. Wannan yana haifar da rashin iya sarrafa motsin jiki. Misalan sun haɗa da chorea-acanthocytosis, cutar McLeod, pantothenate-kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), da kuma cutar Huntington's disease-like 2.

Baya ga waɗannan manyan dalilai, wasu cututtuka kuma na iya haifar da "Acanthocytosis":

• Rashin ci abinci (Anorexia nervosa) yanayi ne da ke faruwa sakamakon rashin cin abinci.
• Rage aikin glandar thyroid (Hypothyroidism).
• Ciwon Myelodysplastic cuta ce da ke shafar ƙashi.
• Ciwon koda.
• Cire spleen (splenectomy) ta hanyar tiyata.
• Wasu magunguna (misali, magungunan rage cholesterol kamar "statins").

Ta yaya likitoci ke gano cutar acanthocytosis?

Likitanka zai iya gano cutar acanthocytosis ta hanyar yin gwajin jini na gefe (PBS) . Wannan ya ƙunshi ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin jininka da duba shi a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa. Wannan zai nuna a sarari kasancewar waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta marasa kyau da suka yi kauri.

Sannan, domin gano ainihin abin da ke haifar da waɗannan kurajen sebaceous, za ku buƙaci a yi muku ƙarin gwaje-gwajen jini. Waɗannan su ne:

• Cikakken ƙidayar jini (CBC)
• Gwaje-gwajen aikin hanta
• Gwaje-gwajen aikin koda
• Gwaje-gwajen hormones na thyroid
• Gwajin matakin kitse a jini `(Lipid panel)`
• Gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta: Duba ko akwai sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta da ke da alaƙa da wasu cututtukan gado.

Bugu da ƙari, likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar gwaje-gwaje kamar na'urar daukar hoto don ganin ko akwai wata illa ga kyallen jiki ko gabobin jiki.

Menene hanyoyin magance wannan?

Maganin acanthocytosis ya dogara ne da dalilinsa. A mafi yawan lokuta, idan aka yi maganin matsalar da ta shafi wannan yanayin, ƙwayoyin jinin ja suna komawa yadda suke a da.

Ka yi tunani a kai, magungunan cututtukan hanta da cututtuka kamar "Neuroacanthocytosis" galibi ana yin su ne don magance alamun. Waɗannan cututtukan galibi suna da wahalar warkewa gaba ɗaya. Suna ƙara muni akan lokaci. Duk da haka, a cikin mummunan cututtukan hanta, akwai lokuta inda dashen hanta shine kawai maganin.

Idan kana da wata cuta ta kwayoyin halitta da ake kira abetalipoproteinemia, za ka iya buƙatar rage yawan kitsen da ba shi da kyau da kuma samun isasshen adadin kuzari. Haka kuma za ka iya buƙatar shan ƙarin bitamin don tabbatar da cewa kana samun isasshen bitamin (A, D, E, K) don gina ƙwayoyin jinin ja masu lafiya.

Idan acanthocytosis ya faru ne sakamakon rashin isasshen abinci mai gina jiki ko kuma rashin isasshen abinci mai gina jiki (hypothyroidism), yawanci yanayin zai inganta idan aka yi maganin matsalar. Haka kuma, idan aka tabbatar cewa magani ne ke haifar da acanthocytosis, yanayin zai tafi da zarar an daina shan maganin.

Idan ina da wannan yanayin, me zan zata?

A wasu lokuta, ana iya warkar da wata cuta da ake kira acanthocytosis gaba ɗaya ta hanyar magani. Wannan yana nufin cewa ƙwayoyin jinin ja suna komawa yadda suke a da.

Duk da haka, a mafi yawan lokuta, sakamakon lafiyarka ya dogara ne akan abin da ya haifar da girman waɗannan glandon sebaceous da kuma yadda kake fara magani da sauri.

Misali, cututtuka kamar `(Neuroacanthocytosis)` da `(Abetalipoproteinemia)` na iya haifar da lalacewar kyallen jiki na dogon lokaci. Duk da haka, idan aka gano cutar kuma aka yi mata magani da wuri,, zai iya rage ci gaban alamun.

Gabaɗaya, idan kana da "(Acanthocytosis)" tare da cutar hanta, zai iya zama ɗan tsanani. Mutane da yawa da ke da "anemia na ƙwayoyin halitta" da aka ambata a sama suna mutuwa cikin 'yan watanni. Saboda haka, hanya mafi kyau don sanin yanayinka ita ce daga likitan da ke kula da kai. Zai duba lafiyarka gaba ɗaya da kuma dalilin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta, sannan ya bayyana abin da ke faruwa da kai.

Akwai wata hanya da za a hana faruwar wannan `(Acanthocytosis)`?

A gaskiya ma, idan cutar kwayoyin halitta ce ke haifar da acanthocytosis, babu wata hanyar da za a iya hana ta. Domin wani abu ne da muke gado. Duk da haka, akwai abubuwan da za mu iya yi don rage haɗarin kamuwa da wannan yanayin saboda wasu dalilai.

• A guji ko iyakance shan barasa: Wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen hana kamuwa da cutar hanta da ke da alaƙa da barasa.
• Ku ci abinci mai gina jiki: Jikinku yana buƙatar samun sinadaran da suka dace don samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Idan kuna buƙatar taimako wajen zaɓar abincin da ya dace da ku, tuntuɓi likitan abinci.
• A nemi magani da wuri: Wasu yanayi da ke haifar da kumburin sebaceous na iya yin tsanani cikin sauri idan ba a yi maganinsu ba. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a ga likita da zarar alamun sun bayyana, a gano cutar, sannan a fara magani.

Ta yaya zan kula da lafiyata?

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine a bi maganin da likitanka ya umarta don magance matsalar da ke haifar da acanthocytosis.

Idan kana da wata cuta ta kwayoyin halitta da ake kira acanthocytosis, yi la'akari da samun shawarar kwayoyin halitta . Mai ba da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta zai iya ba ka shawara kan yadda wannan cuta za ta iya shafar ka da iyalinka, da kuma yiwuwar ka yada wannan kwayar halitta da ke haifar da ita ga 'ya'yanka.

Wadanne tambayoyi ya kamata in yi wa likitana?

Idan ka je ganin likita, kada ka yi jinkirin yin tambayoyi kamar haka:

• Shin ya kamata in damu da samun waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta masu ƙaya (Acanthocytes) a cikin jinina?
• Wadanne gwaje-gwaje zan buƙaci yi don gano musabbabin wannan?
• Wane irin magani kake ba ni shawara?
• Wane irin sakamako zan iya tsammani daga waɗannan jiyya?
• Ya kamata in ga mai ba da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta?

A ƙarshe, dole in ce... (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Idan likitoci suka gano cutar, suna kuma duba yanayin ƙwayoyin jinin ku. Idan aka gano kuna da ''Acanthocytosis'', yana nufin kuna da wasu ƙwayoyin jinin ja marasa kyau a cikin jinin ku. Kada ku damu. Wani lokaci, magani na iya dawo da ƙwayoyin jinin ku ja zuwa al'ada. Ko kuma, yana iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa cutar da ke haifar da ita. Duk da haka, wani lokacin, samun acanthocytes a cikin jinin ku na iya zama alamar wata mummunar cuta, kamar cutar hanta mai tsanani. Saboda haka, likitan ku shine mafi kyawun mutumin da zai yi bayani daidai yadda samun ''(Acanthocytosis)'' ke shafar lafiyar ku. Idan kun saurari abin da yake faɗa kuma kuka bi maganin daidai, sau da yawa ana iya sarrafa yanayin.

Acanthocytosis , Jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, Scutellaria, Kwayar jini, Rashin jini, Cutar Hanta