Shin ka san game da wannan ƙaramin manzo a jikinka? (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - ACTH)

Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin abin da ke faruwa a cikin jikinka idan kana cikin damuwa ko kuma kana jin matsin lamba sosai? Jikinmu yana da ƙaramin aboki wanda ba za mu iya gani ba wanda ke taimaka mana a irin waɗannan lokutan. Ana kiransa ACTH. A yau, za mu yi magana game da wannan ACTH.

Menene ACTH?

A taƙaice dai, ACTH wani sinadari ne da glandar pituitary ke samarwa. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a yadda jikinka ke mayar da martani ga damuwa . Idan aka saki ACTH, yana nuna wa glandar adrenal ɗinka alamar samar da cortisol, wanda duk muka sani a matsayin "hormone na damuwa," da kuma wani rukuni na hormones na jima'i da ake kira androgens.

Yanzu wataƙila kana mamakin menene waɗannan hormones ɗin, ko ba haka ba? Hormones sinadarai ne da ke daidaita ayyuka daban-daban a jikinka. Suna kama da manzanni. Waɗannan saƙonnin suna tafiya ta cikin jininka zuwa ga gabobin jikinka, fata, tsokoki, da sauran kyallen jiki. Waɗannan sigina suna gaya wa jikinka abin da za ka yi da kuma lokacin da za ka yi su.

Glandar pituitary ɗinka ƙarami ne, girman wake, wanda yake a gindin kwakwalwarka, a ƙasa da hypothalamus. Yana cikin tsarin endocrine ɗinka. Glandar pituitary tana da sassa biyu: gaban goshi da bayan goshi. Glandar pituitary ɗinka na gaba shine abin da ke yin ACTH da kuma fitar da shi.

Me ke faruwa da ACTH a zahiri?

Babban aikin ACTH shine ƙarfafa glandar adrenal ɗinka don fitar da hormone cortisol. Ka yi tunanin ACTH kamar kwamandan da ke gaya wa glandar adrenal ɗinka su samar da cortisol ne.

Cortisol wani muhimmin hormone ne da jikinmu ke buƙata. Yana shafar kusan kowace gabobi da kyallen jiki. An san Cortisol da "hormone na damuwa," amma a zahiri yana da wasu muhimman ayyuka da yawa a jikinmu.

Ga wasu muhimman abubuwa game da cortisol:

• Kai ne ke da iko kan yadda jikinka ke amsawa ga damuwa .
• Yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa yadda jikinka ke amfani da mai, furotin, da carbohydrates, wato, metabolism ɗinka.
• Kumburi , wanda ke nufin kumburi da ja a sassa daban-daban na jiki, yana raguwa.
• Yana daidaita hawan jini .
• Yana daidaita matakan sukari a jini .
• Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen daidaita zagayowar barci da farkawa .

Ba wai kawai wannan ba, ACTH tana yin wani abu daban. Wato, tana motsa glandar adrenal don fitar da hormones na jima'i da ake kira androgens. Bugu da ƙari, ACTH tana taimakawa wajen samar da sinadarai waɗanda ke ƙarfafa samar da ƙarin hormones, kamar adrenaline da noradrenaline.

Ta yaya ake sarrafa matakan ACTH?

Matakan ACTH na jikinka suna da iko ta hanyar wani tsari mai ban sha'awa. Ana kiransa tsarin amsawa. Ya ƙunshi hypothalamus ɗinku, glandar pituitary, glandar adrenal, da wasu hormones. Muna kiran wannan tsarin gaba ɗaya da axis na Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) . Yana kama da ɗan rikitarwa, ko ba haka ba? Amma abu ne mai sauƙi.

Ka yi tunanin cewa glandar pituitary ɗinka tana da alaƙa da hypothalamus ɗinka ta hanyar ƙaramin jijiyar jini da jijiyoyi. Wannan ana kiransa da tsinken pituitary. Ta wannan tsinken ne hypothalamus ke magana da glandar pituitary kuma yana gaya mata ta saki wasu hormones. Hypothalamus ɗinka wani ɓangare ne na kwakwalwarka wanda ke sarrafa abubuwa kamar hawan jini, bugun zuciya, zafin jiki, da narkewar abinci.

Glandan adrenal ƙananan gland ne guda biyu masu siffar triangular waɗanda ke saman kodanku.

Yanzu bari mu ga yadda wannan tsarin ra'ayi wanda ke sarrafa matakan ACTH yake aiki:

• Idan matakan cortisol na jikinka suka ragu, hypothalamus ɗinka yana fitar da wani hormone da ake kira Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) .
• Wannan CRH yana motsa gaban pituitary lobe don sakin ACTH.
• Daga nan ACTH yana motsa glandar adrenal ɗinku, musamman adrenal cortex, don sakin cortisol da androgens.
• Idan matakan cortisol suka ƙaru haka, yana aika sigina zuwa hypothalamus don rage matakan CRH. Kuma haka ake kammala zagayowar. Kamar 'kunnawa a kashe' ne .

Ba wai kawai wannan ba, idan kana cikin damuwa , wato, damuwa ta hankali, samar da ACTH yana ƙaruwa kuma matakan cortisol suna ƙaruwa.

Duk da haka, idan akwai matsala da hypothalamus, glandar pituitary, ko glandar adrenal, daidaiton hormones da ke cikin wannan tsari, wato ACTH, na iya lalacewa.

Yadda ake duba matakan ACTH?

Ana yin gwajin jini don duba matakan ACTH ɗinka. Wannan ya ƙunshi ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin jini daga jijiyar hannu.

Likitoci kan yi odar gwajin cortisol tare da gwajin ACTH don tantance ko akwai matsaloli tare da glandar pituitary ko glandar adrenal.

Haka kuma, likitoci na iya yin wani abu da ake kira gwajin motsa jiki na ACTH . Wannan yana gwada yadda glandar adrenal ɗinku ke amsawa ga ACTH. Wannan kuma zai iya taimakawa wajen gano matsalolin da ke tattare da glandar pituitary da/ko adrenal.

Menene matakin ACTH na yau da kullun?

Kamar cortisol, matakin ACTH a cikin jininka yawanci yana ƙaruwa da sassafe. Yana raguwa a hankali yayin da rana ke ci gaba, yana kaiwa ga mafi ƙanƙanta a kusa da tsakar dare. Duk da haka, idan kana aiki a lokacin dare kuma kana barci a lokuta daban-daban na yini, wannan yanayin na iya canzawa.

Saboda haka, gwaje-gwajen ACTH yawanci suna buƙatar a ɗauki jini da safe. Gabaɗaya, matsakaicin adadin ACTH tsakanin 7:00 na safe zuwa 10:00 na safe shine 7.2 zuwa 63.3 picograms a kowace millilita (7.2 zuwa 63.3 pg/mL) .

Amma ku tuna abu ɗaya. Waɗannan mizanin na yau da kullun na iya bambanta daga dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, lokaci zuwa lokaci, da kuma daga mutum zuwa mutum. Idan kuna da gwajin ACTH, likitanku ne zai karanta sakamakon ku kuma ya gaya muku ko ana buƙatar ƙarin gwaji ko a'a.

Me zai faru idan matakan ACTH suka ƙaru?

Idan matakan ACTH ɗinku sun yi yawa, akwai yiwuwar matakan cortisol ɗinku suma suna da yawa. Saboda cortisol yana shafar jiki ta hanyoyi da yawa, kuna iya fuskantar illolin cortisol mai yawa maimakon alamun ACTH mai yawa. A wasu lokuta, lokacin da glandar adrenal ɗinku ba ta samar da isasshen cortisol ba, matakan ACTH na iya ƙaruwa. A irin waɗannan yanayi, kuna iya fuskantar alamun ƙarancin cortisol, ba yawan ACTH ba.

Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke haifar da hauhawar matakan ACTH:

• Cutar Cushing: Wannan ita ce babbar sanadin ƙaruwar matakan ACTH. Wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon ciwon da ba na ciwon daji ba (adenoma) a cikin glandar pituitary wanda ke samar da ACTH da yawa. Wannan yana sa matakan cortisol su ƙaru. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci bambanci tsakanin cutar Cushing da cutar Cushing . Cutar Cushing tana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar Cushing.
• Ciwon hormone na Ectopic adrenocorticotropic: Ba kasafai ake samun ciwon da ke tasowa a wajen glandar pituitary ba, wanda zai iya fitar da ACTH da yawa. Ciwon da zai iya samar da ACTH ta wannan hanyar (kodayake ba kasafai ake samunsa ba) ya haɗa da ciwon daji marasa ciwon daji na huhu, ciwon daji na islet cell na pancreas, ciwon daji na medullary thyroid, ciwon daji na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na huhu, da ciwon daji na glandar thymus .
• Babban rashin isasshen adrenal : Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne lokacin da wani abu ya lalata glandar adrenal ɗinku kuma ba sa iya samar da cortisol yadda ya kamata.Wannan shine babban dalilin da ke haifar da rashin isasshen adrenal. Sakamakon haka, glandar pituitary ɗinka tana fitar da ƙarin ACTH saboda tana son ta motsa glandar adrenal.

Me zai faru idan matakan ACTH suka ragu?

Idan matakan ACTH sun yi ƙasa saboda matsala da glandar pituitary, matakan cortisol suma yawanci za su yi ƙasa. Duk da haka, idan matakan cortisol sun yi yawa saboda matsala da glandar adrenal, matakan ACTH na iya zama ƙasa.

Akwai dalilai da yawa da yasa matakan ACTH zasu iya zama ƙasa:

• Ciwon Cushing: Ciwon Cushing, wanda ciwon adrenal zai iya haifarwa ko kuma amfani da magungunan corticosteroid na dogon lokaci don wasu yanayi, na iya haifar da ƙarancin matakan ACTH. Wannan ya faru ne saboda glandar pituitary ɗinka ba ta iya fitar da ACTH yadda ya kamata saboda yawan cortisol.
• Rashin isasshen sinadarin pituitarism: Wannan yanayi ne da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba. Wannan shine lokacin da glandar pituitary ɗinka ke samar da ƙarancin sinadarin daya, da yawa, ko dukkan sinadaran. ACTH yana ɗaya daga cikin sinadaran da za a iya shafawa. Duk wani lahani da ya faru ga glandar pituitary ɗinka, kamar ƙari, tiyata, ko maganin radiation, na iya haifar da rashin isasshen sinadarin pituitarism.

A yanzu wataƙila ka fahimci cewa ACTH yana da mahimmanci don daidaita matakan cortisol ɗinka. Idan kana fuskantar alamun hauhawar jini ko raguwar matakan cortisol, kamar ƙaruwar nauyi ko raguwar jini, hawan jini ko raguwar jini, tabbatar da ganin likitanka. Zai iya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen jini na cortisol da ACTH don tantance ko glandar adrenal ɗinka ko glandar pituitary sune ke haifar da alamun.

To mene ne abubuwan da muke buƙatar tunawa?

ACTH wani muhimmin hormone ne da glandar pituitary ke samarwa wanda ke taimakawa wajen daidaita damuwa a jikinmu.

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- Wannan shine abin da ke motsa glandar adrenal don samar da "hormone na damuwa" cortisol .

- Cortisol yana sarrafa abubuwa da yawa, kamar yadda muke sarrafa metabolism, hawan jini, da kuma matakan sukari a cikin jini.

- Matakan ACTH ana sarrafa su ta hanyar wani tsari mai rikitarwa wanda ya shafi hypothalamus, glandar pituitary, da glandar adrenal .

- Idan matakan ACTH suka ƙaru ko suka ragu, hakan na iya haifar da cutar Cushing, wato cutar Addison.Matsalolin lafiya daban-daban na iya faruwa.

- Idan kana da wata alama a wannan fanni, ya fi kyau ka ga likita ba tare da tsoro ba kuma ka nemi shawara.

ACTH , Hormone na Adrenocorticotropic, Cortisol, glandar pituitary, glandar adrenal, Hormones, damuwa