Bari mu koyi game da Aldosterone, wanda ke shafar hawan jini a ɓoye.

Matsalar da mutane da yawa a Sri Lanka ke fuskanta ita ce hawan jini. Ga wasu, yana da matuƙar wahala a shawo kan wannan ko da bayan shan magani. Amma akwai wani a cikin jikinmu wanda ba ma magana sosai a kansa, amma a ɓoye yana shafar hawan jini. Wannan shine abin da za mu tattauna a yau. Sunansa Aldosterone.

A taƙaice dai, wanene wannan aldosterone?

Aldosterone wani sinadari ne a jikinmu. Hormones kamar postmen ne a jikinmu. Suna isar da saƙonni zuwa ga kowace gabobi, suna gaya mata ta yi haka, a daina hakan.

Don haka wannan hormone da ake kira aldosterone an yi shi ne ta hanyar ƙananan gland guda biyu masu siffar triangular waɗanda suke kama da murfin da ke saman kodanmu. Muna kiran waɗannan gland ɗin adrenal. Waɗannan gland ɗin wani ɓangare ne na tsarin endocrine ɗinmu.

Babban aikin wannan hormone shine kiyaye hawan jininmu a daidai matakin . Yana yin hakan ta hanyar daidaita matakan ma'adanai a cikin jininmu wanda ake kira sodium (wato gishiri) da potassium. Waɗannan sodium da potassium nau'i biyu ne na electrolytes . Su ne waɗanda ke daidaita matakan ruwan jiki kuma suna taimaka wa jijiyoyi da tsokoki su yi aiki yadda ya kamata.

Ta yaya aldosterone ke sarrafa hawan jini?

Wannan tsari ne mai ban sha'awa sosai. Aldosterone galibi yana shafar hawan jini ta hanyoyi kamar haka:

1. Rike Sodium: Aldosterone yana nuna wa kodanmu da hanjinmu alama don "ƙara sodium (gishiri) a cikin jini da kuma ƙara yawan potassium da ake fitarwa a cikin fitsari."

2. Rike ruwa: Idan aka ƙara sodium a cikin jini, ruwa ma yana nan a jiki. Kamar ruwa yana jan hankali ga gishiri.

3. Ƙara yawan jini: Idan muka riƙe ruwa a jikinmu, jimlar yawan jininmu yana ƙaruwa. Kamar yadda cika bututun ruwa da ƙarin ruwa ke ƙaruwa da matsin lamba, idan yawan jini ya ƙaru, hawan jini ma yana ƙaruwa.

Ta wannan hanyar, idan hawan jininmu ya ragu, aldosterone yana shiga ciki kuma yana taimakawa wajen dawo da shi zuwa matakin lafiya. Wannan hormone kuma yana taimakawa a kaikaice wajen daidaita pH (watau, daidaiton acid-base) da matakan electrolyte na jini.

Ta yaya ake sarrafa waɗannan matakan aldosterone? - Wani tsari mai ban mamaki!

Aldosterone ba ya aiki shi kaɗai. Yana cikin ƙungiyar da ke aiki tare. Muna kiran wannan tsarin da Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) . Kamar tseren relay ne.

Ka yi tunani a kai ta wannan hanyar.

• Mataki na farko: Hawan jininka (BP) yana raguwa. Kodanmu suna jin haka. Sannan kodan suna fitar da wani enzyme da ake kira renin cikin jini.
• Mataki na biyu: Wannan renin yana raba furotin da ake kira angiotensinogen, wanda hantarmu ke yi, zuwa wani abu da ake kira angiotensin I. Amma har yanzu yana nan a kwance, wanda ke nufin ba shi da ƙarfi sosai.
• Mataki na Uku: Yanzu, yayin da wannan angiotensin na ke tafiya ta cikin jini, enzyme mai canza angiotensin (ACE) daga huhunmu yana rushe shi, yana ƙirƙirar wani hormone mai ƙarfi da ake kira angiotensin II . Wannan shine ainihin gwarzo.
• Mataki na Huɗu: Wannan angiotensin II yana yin manyan abubuwa biyu.

1. Yana sa ƙananan jijiyoyin jini (jijiyoyin jini) su takura. Wannan yana sa hawan jini ya ƙaru nan take.

2. Yana zuwa ga glandar adrenal ya ce musu, "Gaggawa! Da sauri samar da aldosterone!"

• Mataki na ƙarshe: Yanzu aldosterone ya shigo ya gaya wa kodan su riƙe gishiri (sodium) da ruwa sannan su fitar da ɗan sinadarin potassium. Wannan yana ƙara yawan jini kuma yana dawo da hawan jini zuwa al'ada.

Da zarar an kammala wannan tsari gaba ɗaya, kuma hawan jini ya koma daidai, wannan tsarin zai kashe ta atomatik. Wannan tsarin sarrafawa ne mai matuƙar rikitarwa, amma mai ban mamaki.

Ta yaya ake auna matakan aldosterone?

Idan likitanka yana fuskantar matsala wajen daidaita hawan jini, ko kuma idan kana da canje-canje a matakan potassium a cikin jininka, zai iya zargin cewa aldosterone ne. Babban gwajin da za a yi don wannan shine gwajin rabon aldosterone: renin .

Saboda aldosterone da renin suna aiki tare, auna matakan duka biyun zai iya taimakawa wajen gano ainihin wurin da matsalar take. Yawanci ana yin hakan ta hanyar ɗaukar ƙaramin jini daga jijiyar hannu.

Bugu da ƙari, ana iya auna matakan aldosterone daban-daban a cikin jini ko fitsari da aka tattara a cikin awanni 24.

Me zai faru idan matakan aldosterone suka ƙaru?

Idan matakin aldosterone a jiki ya fi yadda aka saba, muna kiransa hyperaldosteronism . Babban dalilin wannan shine yanayin da ake kira primary aldosteronism . WannanAna kuma kiranta da ciwon Conn.

Wannan yanayin yakan faru ne sakamakon ƙaramin ciwon daji (marasa cutar kansa) wanda ke tasowa a cikin glandar adrenal. Wannan ciwon yana sa glandar ta samar da aldosterone da yawa. Wannan yana haifar da ƙaruwar sodium (gishiri) a cikin jini, raguwar potassium, da rashin daidaituwar electrolyte.

Me zai faru idan matakan aldosterone suka ragu?

Haka kuma, idan matakin aldosterone a jiki ya yi ƙasa da na al'ada, muna kiransa hypoaldosteronism . Wannan shine lokacin da aka samar da hormone na aldosterone kaɗan ko kuma aikinsa ya lalace. Wannan na iya haifar da ƙarancin sinadarin sodium (gishiri) a cikin jini, yawan sinadarin potassium, da kuma yanayin da ake kira metabolic acidosis (ƙarin acidity a cikin jini) .

Mene ne dalilan hakan?

• Cutar Addison:Wannan cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta a jikin mutum ba. Wannan yana nufin cewa tsarin tsaron jiki yana juya kansa ya lalata glandar adrenal. Wannan yana rage samar da hormones na aldosterone da cortisol.
• Ciwon Haihuwar Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH): Wannan yanayi ne na kwayoyin halitta wanda ke faruwa a lokacin haihuwa. Yana haifar da ƙarancin wasu enzymes da ake buƙata don samar da hormones a cikin glandar adrenal.
• Sauran cututtuka: Wannan yanayin na iya faruwa ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon suga, cututtukan koda, da kuma waɗanda ke fama da rashin lafiya mai tsanani.
• Wasu magunguna: Wannan yanayin yana iya faruwa ne ta hanyar magungunan rage radadi (NSAIDs) , magungunan rage radadi kamar heparin, da wasu magungunan zuciya.

Idan kana da waɗannan alamomin, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ka yi alƙawari don ganin likitanka ka yi magana game da wannan.