Mukan yi gumi duk tsawon yini, bakinmu yana yin dishi idan muka ci abinci, idanunmu kuma suna zubar da hawaye idan muka ji baƙin ciki. Ko da yake muna iya tunanin cewa duk waɗannan abubuwa abubuwa ne kawai da ke faruwa a jikinmu, a bayan duk waɗannan abubuwa akwai ƙananan 'masana'antu' a jikinmu. A fannin magani, muna kiran waɗannan da glandar exocrine. Don haka a yau, bari mu yi magana game da wannan tsarin glandular mai ban mamaki.
A taƙaice dai, menene glandar exocrine?
Glandan Exocrine tarin ƙwayoyin halitta ne waɗanda ke samar da abubuwa daban-daban a jikinmu (kamar gumi, yau, hawaye, madara, da ruwan narkewar abinci) sannan su sake su ta ƙananan bututu (man tub) zuwa saman jiki ko kuma cikin wani rami a cikin jiki. Ka yi tunanin hakan kamar tsarin bututun da ake amfani da shi don jigilar kayayyaki da aka yi a masana'anta zuwa inda aka nufa. Waɗannan gland ɗin suna yaɗuwa a cikin gabobin jikinmu daban-daban kuma suna yin ayyuka daban-daban a kowane wuri.
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin glandar endocrine da glandar exocrine?
Wataƙila kun ji labarin glandar endocrine. Duk da cewa dukkansu gland ne, akwai babban bambanci a yadda suke aiki. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci wannan bambancin.
| Halaye | Glandan Exocrine | Ciwon endocrine |
|---|---|---|
| Hanyar fitar da ruwa | Wannan yana da bututu daban-daban don ɗaukar fitar da maniyyi. | Wannan ba shi da bututun iska. Ana tattara ruwan da ke fita kai tsaye cikin jini . |
| Abubuwan da ake ji | Abubuwa kamar gumi, yau, hawaye, madara, enzymes. | Hormones kawai. |
| Misalai | Glandan gumi, glandan salivary, glandan tsagewa. | Ciwon thyroid, ciwon pituitary. |
Kawai ka tuna: Exocrine glands ne da ke da 'Fita' (mafita), wato bututun iska. Endocrine glands ne da ke fitowa kai tsaye cikin jini ('Endo' - ciki).
Waɗanne manyan nau'ikan glandar exocrine ne ke cikin jikinmu?
Akwai nau'ikan glandar exocrine da yawa waɗanda suke da mahimmanci ga aikin jikinmu. Bari mu dubi wasu daga cikinsu da kuma ayyukansu.
| Nau'in gland | Abin da ake yi (aiki) |
|---|---|
| Glandan gumi | Muna samar da gumi da kuma fitar da gumi. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen daidaita zafin jikinmu. |
| Sebaceous gland | Sebum sinadari ne mai mai wanda yake da mahimmanci ga fata da gashi. Yana kare fata da gashi. |
| Glandan hanci | Yana samar da yawu. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen tauna abinci, haɗiyewa, da kuma narke shi. Hakanan yana kare kyallen da ke cikin baki. |
| Lacrimal gland | Waɗannan glands ɗin, waɗanda suke a saman ido, suna haifar da hawaye. Duk lokacin da muka yi kiftawa, waɗannan hawayen suna yaɗuwa a cikin ido, suna sa shi ya kasance mai danshi da tsabta. |
| Glandan nono | Ana samar da madarar nono. Wannan madarar nono tana samar da sinadarai masu gina jiki da ake buƙata don ci gaban jariri da kuma ƙarfafa garkuwar jiki. |
| Glandan Cerumenous | Waɗannan gland, waɗanda ke cikin kunne, suna samar da kakin zuma (cerumen) , wanda ke kare kunne daga lalacewa da kamuwa da cuta. |
| Glandan ciki | Yana fitar da enzymes da acid da ake buƙata don narkewar abinci. |
Bugu da ƙari, hanta da pancreas ɗinmu gabobi ne na musamman guda biyu. Domin dukkansu suna aiki a matsayin glandar exocrine da glandar endocrine. Hanta tana fitar da ruwan narkewa kamar bile zuwa cikin bututun abinci (aikin exocrine). Hakazalika, pancreas yana fitar da enzymes na narkewa ta hanyar bututun (aikin exocrine). A lokaci guda, waɗannan gabobi biyu suna fitar da hormones kai tsaye zuwa cikin jini (aikin endocrine).
Wane irin hidima ne waɗannan gland suke yi wa jikinmu?
Glandar Exocrine kamar ƙungiyar ma'aikata marasa magana ne a jikinmu. Suna ba mu fa'idodi da yawa.
- Yana taimakawa wajen narkar da abinci da kuma shan sinadarai masu gina jiki.
- Yana kula da zafin jiki a matakin da ba ya canzawa.
- Yana kare fatarmu da gashinmu kuma yana sanya mana danshi.
- Yana kare kyallen gabobin ciki kamar idanu, kunnuwa, da baki.
glandar exocrine suna fitar da ruwa
Waɗannan gland suna fitar da samfuransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda uku. Wannan na iya yin kama da na kimiyya kaɗan, amma bari mu yi shi da sauƙi.
1. Tsarin Merocrine: Abin da ke faruwa a nan shi ne cewa ana fitar da abubuwan da ke fita daga cikin jiki ne kawai ba tare da haifar da wata illa ga ƙwayoyin gland ba. A takaice dai, ta hanyar wani tsari da ake kira "Exocytosis". Haka glandar guminmu ke aiki.
2. Tsarin Apocrine: A nan, ana fitar da ruwan da ƙaramin ɓangare na membrane ɗin tantanin halitta. Wato, ana fitar da ƙaramin yanki na tantanin halitta. Glandar mamanmu (waɗanda ke samar da madarar nono) misali ne na wannan tsarin.
3. Tsarin Holocrine: A cikin wannan, ana lalata dukkan ƙwayar halitta don fitar da fitar da fitar da fitar. Haka nan glandar sebaceous ɗinmu ke fitar da ...
Waɗanne cututtuka ne ake yawan samu waɗanda ke shafar glandar exocrine?
Tunda waɗannan gland suna cikin jikinmu, akwai yanayi da yawa da zasu iya shafar su. Bari mu kalli kaɗan daga cikinsu.
- Hyperhidrosis: Gumi mai yawa yana faruwa ne sakamakon yawan gumin da ke samar da gumi fiye da yadda jiki ke buƙata. Wannan yanayin na iya sa wasu mutane su ji rashin jin daɗi su yi mu'amala da mutane.
- Bromhidrosis: Wari yana faruwa ne sakamakon ƙwayoyin cuta da ke kan fata suna karya gumi idan ya bushe.
- Kuraje (Kurajen fata): Waɗannan glands sune ke haifar da matsalar kurajen da yawancinmu muke fuskanta a lokacin ƙuruciyarmu. Kuraje suna faruwa ne lokacin da glandar mai ke samar da sebum, wanda ke toshe hanyoyin glandar.
- Ciwon Sjögren: Wannan cuta ce ta "autoimmune", ma'ana tsarin garkuwar jiki yana kai hari ga ƙwayoyin halittarsa. Yana lalata glandar da ke fitowa daga hanci da kuma ta tsagewa, yana haifar da bushewar baki da idanu da yawa.
- Ciwon nonon uwa: A lokacin shayarwa ko wasu lokutan, yanayi kamar toshewar hanyoyin nono da kumburin hanyoyin nonon uwa na iya faruwa.
- Ciwon Fibrosis na Hanta: Wannan cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta. Sauye-sauye a cikin furotin da ke haifar da samar da majina, gumi, da ruwan narkewar abinci a jiki yana haifar da majina mai kauri da mannewa a cikin gabobin jiki kamar huhu da pancreas.
- Ciwon Pancreatitis: Kumburin pancreas, wanda zai iya dakatar da samar da enzymes da ake buƙata don narke abinci.
Za ka iya ganin muhimmancin waɗannan glandar exocrine don aikin jikinmu na yau da kullun. Don haka idan kana da wata damuwa game da wannan, misali, gumi mai yawa, bushewar baki, ko kuraje marasa iya sarrafawa, kada ka yi jinkirin yin magana da likitanka . Zai duba yanayinka kuma ya ba ka shawarar da ta dace.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Glandan Exocrine wani nau'in gland ne wanda ke samar da abubuwa kamar gumi, yau, da hawaye sannan ya sake su ta hanyar bututun da ke kan saman jiki ko kuma cikin ramuka.
- Glandan endocrine sune glandar da ba ta da bututu wanda ke samar da hormones kuma yana sakin su kai tsaye cikin jini.
- Waɗannan glandar exocrine suna yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa, kamar narkewar abinci, daidaita zafin jiki, da kuma kare fata.
- Canje-canje a cikin aikin waɗannan gland na iya haifar da matsaloli kamar gumi mai yawa, kuraje, da bushewar baki da idanu.
- Idan kana da wasu sabbin alamu ko alamu masu tayar da hankali, koyaushe ka nemi shawarar likita.
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