Labarin jininka yana ba da labari - Komai game da Cikakken Kididdigar Jini (CBC)!

A yau za mu yi magana game da wani abu mai matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni da ku. Wannan gwaji ne da ake yi akan jinin da ke jikinmu. Wataƙila kun ji likita yana cewa, "Bari mu yi gwajin jini" lokacin da kuka je wurin likita? Ɗaya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen jini mafi yawa kuma mafi mahimmanci shine "Cikakken Ƙidayar Blood (CBC)". Wannan zai iya gaya mana abubuwa da yawa game da ƙananan ma'aikata da masu gadi a cikin jikinmu. Don haka, bari mu ga menene wannan gwajin 'CBC', dalilin da yasa ake yin sa, da kuma abin da yake gaya mana?

Menene jini, kuma me ya sa yake da tamani a gare mu?

Ka yi tunanin, jikinmu kamar babban birni ne. Akwai hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki, saƙonni, da sharar gida a ko'ina a cikin wannan birni, ko ba haka ba? Haka jinin da ke gudana ta cikin jijiyoyinmu yake. Akwai abubuwa masu ban mamaki da yawa a cikin wannan jinin, kamar ƙaramin duniya ne! Akwai sassa uku da muka fi mayar da hankali a kansu a cikin wannan gwajin 'CBC'.

Kwayoyin jinin ja - Jini na jikinmu

Shin kun san wanda ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen da ke shiga huhu lokacin da muke numfashi zuwa kowace ƙaramar ƙwayar halitta a jiki, daga ƙarshen yatsunmu zuwa ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa? Wannan babban aikin yana gudana ne ta hanyar ƙwayoyin jinin ja, ko kuma 'Kwayoyin jinin ja (RBCs). Waɗannan kamar ƙananan faifan diski ne, masu zagaye, waɗanda aka yi musu lanƙwasa. Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen a cikin jiki, suna rarraba shi zuwa kowace ƙwayar halitta, kuma suna dawo da sharar waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta, 'Carbon Dioxide', zuwa huhu. Muna samun kuzarin gudu, tsalle, aiki, da tunani saboda waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja suna yin aikinsu yadda ya kamata. Lokacin da waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja suka yi ƙasa, muna faɗin abubuwa kamar "rashin jini", "fale-fale", "ɗan gajiya". Likitoci kuma suna kiran wannan yanayin " anemia ".

Kwayoyin Jini Masu Fari - Sojojin Tsaron Jiki

Yanzu duba, lokacin da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da cututtuka, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da fungi, suka yi ƙoƙarin shiga jikinmu, shin akwai wanda zai yi yaƙi da su? Wannan shine abin da ƙwayoyin jinin fari, ko `White Blood Cells (WBCs), suke yi. Waɗannan mutane kamar sojoji da 'yan sanda ne a ƙasarmu. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin fari sune mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren garkuwar jikinmu.

Akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jinin fari da dama, kuma kowanne nau'i yana da takamaiman aiki da aka ba shi.

• Wasu fararen ƙwayoyin jini suna tafiya kai tsaye zuwa ga ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna 'cinye su' (wannan ana kiransa 'Phagocytosis').
• Wasu kuma suna yin sunadaran musamman da ake kira 'antibodies' akan waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna manne da ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna hana su aiki.

Don haka, idan jikinmu ya kamu da cuta, adadin waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin fari yana ƙaruwa don shirya yaƙi. Hakazalika, a wasu yanayi na rashin lafiyan, wasu nau'ikan waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin fari suma suna iya ƙaruwa.

Platelets - ƙananan jarumai waɗanda ke dakatar da zubar jini

Shin ka tuna lokacin da ka faɗi yayin wasa ko yanke hannunka da wuka yayin yanke kayan lambu, kuma jinin ya tsaya bayan wani lokaci? Wannan shine abin da platelets, ko 'Platelets' (wani suna shine 'Thrombocytes'), ke taimakawa. Waɗannan ba ƙwayoyin halitta gaba ɗaya ba ne, amma gutsuttsuran da ke karyewa daga manyan ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin bargo. Amma duk da cewa ƙanana ne, suna yin babban aiki. Idan jijiyar jini ta lalace a wani wuri kuma jini ya fara zubewa, waɗannan platelets ɗin sune waɗanda ke zuwa can da sauri su manne tare, suna samar da raga don rufe raunin. Kamar lokacin da rami ya haɗu a cikin magudanar ruwa a kan hanya, ana amfani da duwatsu da yashi don cike shi. Wannan ana kiransa clotting jini . Idan adadin waɗannan platelets ɗin ya ragu, yana iya zama da wahala a dakatar da zubar jini ko da daga ƙaramin rauni. Wani lokaci, danko na iya zubar jini, kuma jiki na iya juye shuɗi a wurare kawai (kamar dai an buge shi kawai).

To menene wannan gwajin Cikakken Kididdigar Jini (CBC)?

To, yanzu kuna da ɗan fahimta game da manyan sojoji da ma'aikata a cikin jininku. Don haka, wannan 'Cikakken Ƙidayar Jini (CBC)' gwaji ne da ke ƙididdige adadin waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja, ƙwayoyin jinin fari, da platelets da ke cikin samfurin jininku. Ba wai kawai wannan ba, yana iya auna wasu muhimman bayanai game da waɗannan ƙwayoyin, misali, girman ko ƙanƙanta (wato, girman) ƙwayoyin jinin ja, yadda siffarsu take, da kuma adadin haemoglobin `(Hemoglobin ko Hb)`, mafi mahimmancin furotin a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen. Hakanan yana duba adadin kowace nau'in ƙwayoyin jinin fari da ke wurin.

Likita zai iya yin odar wannan gwajin "CBC" saboda dalilai daban-daban.

• Gano ko kana da wata cuta: Idan kana da alamun kamar zazzabi, ciwon jiki, gajiya mai tsanani, faɗuwa, da kuma kamuwa da cuta akai-akai, wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance ko sanadin kamuwa da cuta ne, rashin jini, ko wata matsala.
• Duba yanayin wata cuta da ke akwai: A wasu cututtuka (misali cutar sankarar bargo, wasu cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki), canje-canje suna faruwa a cikin ƙwayoyin jini. Don haka, CBC kuma yana taimakawa wajen ganin ko cutar tana ƙarƙashin iko da kuma ko maganin yana aiki.
• Duba tasirin wasu magunguna: Wasu magunguna (misali, chemotherapy, maganin rigakafi) na iya shafar ƙashin ƙashi, wanda ke samar da ƙwayoyin jini. Don haka, idan aka ba ku waɗannan magungunan, ana yin wannan gwajin sau da yawa don ganin ko suna haifar da wata illa ko rage adadin ƙwayoyin jini.
• Kafin yin babban tiyata: Yana da muhimmanci a yi gwajin jini kafin a yi tiyata domin a duba ko adadin jinin ya isa, ko jinin zai iya yin ɗigon jini yadda ya kamata, da kuma ko akwai kamuwa da cuta.
• A matsayin wani ɓangare na duba lafiya na yau da kullun:Ko da babu rashin lafiya, wani lokacin ana iya yin gwajin CBC a matsayin wani ɓangare na duba lafiyarmu na shekara-shekara don tabbatar da cewa komai yana aiki yadda ya kamata a jikinmu. Akwai lokutan da zai iya taimaka mana mu gane da wuri, koda kuwa rashin lafiya ce da ke farawa a cikinmu ba tare da mun sani ba.

Me za mu iya koya daga gwajin CBC?

Idan ka ga lambobi da haruffa da yawa a cikin wannan rahoton 'CBC', za ka iya tunanin, "Kai, menene wannan?" Kada ka ji tsoro. Likitanka ne kawai zai iya fassara wannan rahoton yadda ya kamata kuma ya ba ka shawara ta musamman game da yanayinka. Amma don ƙarin bayani, bari mu duba wasu manyan abubuwan da ya ce.

Abubuwan da za a duba daga mahangar ƙwayoyin jinin ja (RBC):

• Adadin Kwayoyin Jini (RBC Count): Wannan shine jimillar adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja a jiki. Idan wannan ya yi ƙasa da yadda aka saba, yana iya nuna rashin jini.
• Haemoglobin (Hb): Wannan shine furotin da ke cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja wanda ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen. Rage wannan adadin shi ma babban alama ce ta rashin jini. Matsakaicin ƙima ya bambanta ga maza, mata, yara ƙanana, da mata masu juna biyu.
• Hematocrit (Hct) / Kunshin Ƙwayar Halitta (PCV): Wannan yana nuna maka kashi nawa na jininka ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin jinin ja. A taƙaice dai, yana kama da 'kauri' na ƙwayoyin jinin ja a cikin jininka. Wannan kuma yana taimakawa wajen tantance ko kana da rashin jini. Likitoci kuma suna mai da hankali kan yadda wannan ƙimar 'PCV' ke canzawa a cututtuka kamar dengue.
• MCV (Matsakaicin Girman Jiki), MCH (Matsakaicin Haemoglobin Jiki), MCHC (Matsakaicin Rarraba Jiki), RDW (Faɗin Rarraba Jiki): Waɗannan haruffan Turanci suna gaya muku matsakaicin girman ƙwayoyin jininku, adadin haemoglobin (Hb) a cikin ƙwayar jinin ja ɗaya, yadda haemoglobin yake da yawa a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja, da girman ƙwayoyin jinin ja (watau nau'ikan girma). Waɗannan su ne abubuwan da likitanku zai iya amfani da su don tantance ko kuna da rashin jini, ko saboda ƙarancin ƙarfe, rashin bitamin B12 ko ƙarancin folic acid (Megaloblastic Anemia), yanayin gado kamar thalassaemia, ko wani abu daban.

Abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su dangane da ƙwayoyin jinin fari (WBC):

• Adadin Kwayoyin Jini na Fari (WBC Count): Wannan shine jimillar adadin ƙwayoyin jinin fari a cikin jiki. Idan wannan ya fi yadda aka saba, sau da yawa yana faruwa ne saboda kamuwa da cuta ko kumburi a wani wuri a cikin jiki. Wani lokaci, wannan adadin na iya zama mai yawa ba daidai ba a cikin yanayin ciwon daji kamar cutar sankarar bargo. Hakanan matsala ce idan wannan adadin ya yi ƙasa da yadda aka saba. Yana iya faruwa ne saboda wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta (misali, farkon matakan dengue), matsalolin ƙashi, ko wasu magunguna.
• Ƙidaya Bambance-bambance (DC):Wannan yana nuna maka adadin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jinin fari daban-daban (galibi) da ke akwai a matsayin kashi ɗaya.
• Neutrophils: Waɗannan su ne manyan sojoji da ke yaƙi da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Kashi da adadinsu yana ƙaruwa yayin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Lymphocytes: Waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen yaƙi da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma gina garkuwar jiki. A cikin zazzabin ƙwayoyin cuta kamar dengue, kashinsu na iya ƙaruwa, yayin da kashi na neutrophils na iya raguwa (wannan ana kiransa 'Relative Lymphocytosis').
• Monocytes: Waɗannan kuma suna aiki akan kamuwa da cuta, suna 'tsaftace' ƙwayoyin halitta da ƙwayoyin cuta da suka mutu.
• Eosinophils: Waɗannan na iya ƙaruwa a cikin yanayin rashin lafiyan (misali asma, eczema, rashin lafiyar ƙura) da cututtukan parasitic (misali tsutsotsi).
• Basophils: Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci a cikin halayen rashin lafiyan da wasu yanayi na kumburi.

Abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su daga hangen nesa na platelets:

• Adadin Platelet: Wannan shine adadin platelet da ke taimakawa wajen toshewar jini. Idan waɗannan sun yi ƙasa da yadda aka saba (wannan ana kiransa 'Thrombocytopenia'), akwai yuwuwar zubar jini mafi girma. Wataƙila kun ji labarin raguwar waɗannan platelets yayin zazzaɓin dengue. Yana iya zama haɗari. Haka kuma, idan waɗannan sun fi yawa ('Thrombocytosis'), wani lokacin toshewar jini na iya samuwa a cikin jijiyoyin jini ba tare da wata matsala ba.

Muhimmi sosai: Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan lambobi yana da "Range na Al'ada." Amma ya kamata ka sani cewa waɗannan layukan na iya bambanta kaɗan daga dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, haka kuma ya danganta da abubuwa kamar shekarunka, jinsi, da tsayinka. Don haka, don samun cikakkun bayanai game da lambobin da ke cikin rahotonka, ya kamata ka yi magana da likitanka . Don Allah kada ka ɗauka cewa kana da wata cuta kawai ta hanyar kallon abubuwa a intanet ko kwatanta su da rahoton aboki. Wannan zai haifar da tsoro mara amfani kawai.

Yaya ake yin gwajin CBC? Shin abin tsoro ne?

Yanzu za ka iya mamakin ko wannan gwajin 'CBC' wani abu ne da ya kamata ka yi, ko kuma zai yi maka illa. Babu abin tsoro. Yana da sauƙi sosai, kuma yana ɗaukar mintuna kaɗan kawai.

Yawanci yana buƙatar ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin jini daga jijiyar da ke hannunka (yawanci a ƙasa da gwiwar hannunka, inda ake iya ganinsa cikin sauƙi). Likita, ƙwararren ma'aikacin jinya, ko kuma ƙwararren ma'aikacin dakin gwaje-gwaje na likitanci a dakin gwaje-gwaje ne ke yin hakan.

1. Da farko, za a tsaftace wurin da za a zubar da jinin sosai da maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta kamar barasa.

2. Sannan, a saka ƙaramin allura mai siriri (allura mara tsafta) a hankali a cikin jijiyar, sannan a tattara adadin jinin da ake buƙata (kimanin milliliters kaɗan) a cikin wani bututu na musamman. Wannan bututun yana ɗauke da wani sinadari (anticoagulant) wanda ke hana zubar jini.

3. Bayan cire allurar, a sanya ƙaramin siminti ko auduga a wurin sannan a riƙe shi na ɗan lokaci har sai jinin ya tsaya gaba ɗaya.

Idan aka saka allurar, tana iya jin kamar ƙaramin tururuwa ko sauro yana sa ka ji rauni . Amma tana ɗaukar ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Bayan haka, babu ciwo. Wasu mutane suna ɗan jin tsoron allurai, wanda hakan al'ada ce. Idan kai haka ne, za ka iya kallewa ka yi numfashi mai zurfi yayin da ake ɗaukar jinin. Wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen rage tsoro kaɗan. Riƙe hannunka na ɗan lokaci bayan an ɗauko jinin zai kuma taimaka wajen rage damar yankin ya koma shuɗi.

Daga nan sai a aika da wannan samfurin jini zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, inda ake ƙirga nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta da aka ambata a sama kuma a duba cikakkun bayanai. Yawanci yana iya ɗaukar 'yan awanni, wani lokacin a rana, kafin rahoton ya iso, ya danganta da aikin da dakin gwaje-gwajen ke yi.

To, menene muhimman abubuwan da ya kamata mu tuna game da wannan CBC? (Saƙon Gida)

To, mun yi magana sosai game da gwajin 'Cikakken Kididdigar Jini (CBC)'. Don haka, ga manyan abubuwan da ya kamata ku tuna daga duk waɗannan:

• `CBC` gwaji ne da aka saba yi kuma mai daraja wanda ke auna manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin jininka, wato ƙwayoyin jinin ja, ƙwayoyin jinin farin jini, da kuma platelets, da kuma sauran muhimman halayensu (kamar haemoglobin).
• Wannan gwajin yana taimaka maka wajen gano wasu cututtuka a jikinka (misali, rashin jini, kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban, wasu cututtukan daji), ganin halin da cutar ke ciki a yanzu, da kuma lura da tasirin magunguna.
• Kowace nau'in ƙwayar halitta a cikin jini tana da takamaiman aiki. Ƙwayoyin halitta ja suna ɗauke da iskar oxygen, fararen ƙwayoyin halitta suna kare kansu daga cututtuka, kuma ƙwayoyin platelets suna dakatar da zubar jini. Idan ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ya ɓace, lafiyarmu na iya shafar.
• Yana da mahimmanci a bar fassarar lambobi da haruffan da ke cikin rahoton 'CBC' ga likita. 'Rangwamen Al'ada' na iya bambanta kaɗan daga dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. Don haka, kada ku yi gaggawar yanke shawara kuma ku ji tsoro ko farin ciki ba tare da wata matsala ba.
• Ba da jini hanya ce mai sauƙi wadda ke ɗauke da ƙaramin ciwo na ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Babu abin tsoro.
• Idan kana rashin lafiya ko kuma kana da wasu alamu marasa dalili (misali, gajiya mai ɗorewa, zazzabi mai yawan gaske, zubar jini daga sassa daban-daban na jiki), ka nemi shawara nan da nan daga likita. Idan ya cancanta, zai iya yin odar "CBC" ko wasu gwaje-gwaje.

A ƙarshe, wannan gwajin 'CBC' kamar madubi ne wanda ke ba da labari mai yawa game da ƙaramin duniyar da ke cikin jikinmu, game da lafiyarmu. Saboda haka, babban taimako ne a gare mu mu yi wannan gwajin a lokacin da ya dace, mu yi amfani da bayanan da muka samu daga gare shi yadda ya kamata, kuma mu kula da lafiyarmu. Muna yi wa kowa fatan alheri!

Cikakken ƙidayar jini, CBC, gwaje-gwajen jini, ƙwayoyin jinin ja, ƙwayoyin jinin farin jini, platelets, haemoglobin, ganewar asali