Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ka wā e maʻi ai kākou, ke loaʻa iā kākou ke anu, ke kaua nui nei i loko o ko kākou kino? Ke kaua nei nā pale o ko kākou kino ponoʻī i nā germs, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea hoʻouka kaua, mai waho mai ma ke ʻano ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO nā koa kūikawā a akamai loa i loko o kēia pūʻali pale, ʻo ia nā 'antibodies' a kākou e kamaʻilio nei i kēia lā. Me ka ʻole o kēia mau mea, hiki i kahi anu liʻiliʻi ke hoʻokomo iā kākou i loko o ka nui o ka pilikia.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha kēia mau antibodies?
I mea e hoʻomaopopo ai i kēia, e lawe kākou i kahi laʻana liʻiliʻi. E noʻonoʻo he ʻāina palekana maikaʻi kou kino. Hiki i nā ʻaihue a me nā ʻenemi ke hele mai ma waho o kēia ʻāina. ʻO ia hoʻi nā mea e like me ka bacteria, nā virus, nā fungi, a me nā mea ʻawahia. Kāhea mākou i nā mea āpau e hōʻino ana i ko mākou kino a hele mai ma waho he antigen . I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he antigen kahi mea hoʻouka kaua e komo i loko o ko mākou kino.
I kēia manawa, ke komo kēia mea hoʻouka kaua (Antigen) i loko o ke kino, ʻike kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻōnaehana pale. Hoʻouna koke ia i kahi hōʻailona e ʻōlelo ana, "Eia mai kekahi mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia!" I kēlā manawa, hana kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale i kahi ʻano protein kūikawā i kapa ʻia he antibody e hakakā i kēia mea hoʻouka kaua a luku iā ia. No laila, ua like ka antibody me kahi mākaʻi a koa paha i loko o ko mākou kino.
ʻO kekahi huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia no nā antibodies ʻo Immunoglobulin . Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēia inoa i hoʻopōkole ʻia e like me (Ig) ma kekahi o kāu mau hōʻike hoʻāʻo koko.
Pehea e hana ʻia ai kēia mau antibodies? Ma hea lākou e hana ai?
ʻO nā pūnaewele B, kahi ʻano pūnaewele koko keʻokeʻo i loko o ko mākou kino, hana ia ma ke ʻano he mau hale hana e hana ai i kēia mau antibodies. Ke hoʻopili ʻia kahi antigen, a i ʻole germ, me kahi pūnaewele B, māhele koke ka pūnaewele B a hana i nā tausani kope o ia iho. Kāhea mākou i kēia mau pūnaewele hou he mau pūnaewele plasma. ʻO kēia mau pūnaewele plasma e hana i nā miliona o nā antibodies a hoʻokuʻu iā lākou i loko o ke koko a me ka ʻōnaehana lymph.
A laila hele kēia mau antibodies i loko o ke kino, e ʻimi ana i kēlā mau mea hoʻouka kaua, hopu iā lākou, a luku iā lākou.
Loaʻa kēia mau antibodies ma nā wahi he nui i loko o ko mākou kino:
- I loko o ke koko
- ʻIli
- I loko o nā māmā
- Me ka waimaka
- I loko o ka lawai
- ʻOi loa aku hoʻi i ka waiū umauma
ʻAe, ʻo ka waiū mānoanoa i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka makuahine i nā lā mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o kahi pēpē, i kapa ʻia ʻo colostrum, aia i loko o ia mea kahi nui o nā antibodies. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻonui nui ai ka hānai waiū i ka pale ʻana o ka pēpē. Loaʻa i ka pēpē nā mea pale mai ke kino o ka makuahine pololei.
Aia he 5 mau ʻano antibodies - ʻaʻole hana like lākou a pau!
E like me nā pūʻali koa like ʻole i loko o kā mākou mau pūʻali koa palekana, ua māhele ʻia nā antibodies i 5 mau ʻano nui. He kuleana ko kēlā me kēia ʻano. E nānā kākou i ko lākou ʻano.
| ʻAno antibody | Ka hana nui a me ka ʻoihana kūikawā |
|---|---|
| ʻO ka Immunoglobulin G (IgG) | ʻO kēia ke ʻano i nui loa i loko o ko kākou koko. ʻO ia mau mea e hoʻomanaʻo i nā maʻi ma mua a ua mākaukau e kaua aku iā lākou inā hoʻi mai ka germ like. Ke hele pū nei kēia mau antibodies IgG ma waena o ka placenta a pale i ka pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū. |
| ʻO ka Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | Loaʻa pinepine kēia mau mea i loko o nā membrane mucous o ka ihu, ka puʻu, nā māmā, a me ke ala ʻai. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻo ia nā puka e komo ai nā germs i ke kino. Nui nō hoʻi lākou i ka waiū umauma. |
| ʻO ka Immunoglobulin M (IgM) | Ke pā mai kahi maʻi hou i ke kino, ʻo kēia mau koa IgM ka poʻe mua e hele i ke kaua. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻāʻo ʻia ai nā pae IgM e hoʻoholo ai inā ua loaʻa kahi maʻi hou. |
| ʻO ka Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | ʻO kēia nā mea nui i nā maʻi allergies. Hoʻonui ka pae IgE ke pane ke kino i nā mea e like me ka lepo, ka pollen, a me kekahi mau meaʻai. Kaua pū lākou i nā parasites. |
| ʻO ka Immunoglobulin D (IgD) | Loaʻa kēia mau mea i loko o ke koko i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa. ʻOiai ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia e kōkua lākou i ka hana ʻana o nā pūnaewele B, ke noiʻi ʻia nei kā lākou kuleana pololei. |
Nā antibodies i hana ʻia ma ka lab? He aha kēia mau antibodies monoclonal?
I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole hiki i nā antibodies a ko mākou kino e hana maoli ai ke kaua aku i kahi maʻi. I ia mau hihia, hana nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahi ʻano antibody kūikawā i loko o ka hale hana. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he Monoclonal Antibodies .
Ua like kēia me ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi missile i kāna pahuhopu. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau antibodies e kuhikuhi a hoʻouka wale i kahi cell kikoʻī (e.g., kahi cell kanesa) a i ʻole protein e hoʻoulu ai i kahi maʻi kikoʻī. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano lapaʻau he immunotherapy .
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano lapaʻau no kekahi mau maʻi i kēia manawa.
| ʻO kekahi mau kūlana e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka monoclonal antibody therapy |
|---|
|
E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kekahi mau hanana kūikawā.
I ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā antibodies, aia kekahi mau hihia kikoʻī a mākou e lohe pinepine ai.
COVID-19 a me nā antibodies
Me ka maʻi ahulau COVID-19, ua hoʻomaka mākou a pau e lohe e pili ana i nā antibodies.
- Inā ua hoʻōla ʻia ʻoe mai COVID-19, ua hoʻomohala kou kino i nā antibodies i hiki ke hakakā i ka maʻi.
- Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lāʻau pale COVID-19, e hoʻoulu pū ia i ka hana ʻana o kou kino i nā antibodies.
- ʻO ka mea nui loa: Ke loaʻa i kahi mea i ho'ōla ʻia mai COVID-19 ka lāʻau pale, e ikaika loa ka pane antibody o kēlā kanaka. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka palekana e hāʻawi ai.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi hoʻāʻo antibody e ʻike ai inā he mau antibodies COVID i loko o kou kino. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kēia mau antibodies i loko o ke kino.
Nā Antibodies Thyroglobulin (Nā Antibodies e hoʻouka i ka thyroid gland)
I kekahi manawa, hoʻomaka hewa kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale e hoʻouka i nā ʻāpana olakino o ko mākou kino ponoʻī. He nui ka poʻe me nā pilikia thyroid he mau antibodies e hoʻouka i kā lākou kelepa thyroid ponoʻī. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he Thyroglobulin antibodies .Hiki i kēia ke hoʻoulu i ka hana nui o ka thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) a i ʻole ka hana ʻole (hypothyroidism).
Inā kānalua kāu kauka i kahi pilikia thyroid, hiki iā lākou ke kauoha i kahi hoʻāʻo koko e nānā i nā pae o kēia mau antibodies.
Nā Autoantibodies
ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana nui o ka manaʻo "hoʻouka kaua ponoʻī" a mākou i kamaʻilio ai ma mua. Kuhi hewa kā mākou mau antibodies i nā protein ma kā mākou mau cell olakino ponoʻī no nā "mea hoʻouka kaua" a hoʻomaka e hoʻouka iā lākou. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau antibodies he autoantibodies .
Kāhea mākou i nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e kēia ʻano he mau maʻi autoimmune .
- Lupus
- ʻO ka ʻāʻī rheumatoid
- Ka maʻi o Hashimoto
- ʻAno 1 Diabetes
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ia mau maʻi: ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) ka hoʻāʻo nui i hana ʻia ke kānalua ʻia kekahi maʻi.
ʻOiai ua maikaʻi ka hoʻāʻo ANA, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo he maʻi autoimmune kou. ʻO ia hoʻi, pono i kāu kauka ke noiʻi hou aku. No laila, mai hopohopo i kahi hōʻike e like me ia. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ia mea.
Leka Lawe-Home
- ʻO nā antibodies he mau protein i hana ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko mākou kino e pale iā mākou mai nā germs, nā maʻi, a me nā toxins.
- ʻO kahi mea e ʻino ana i ko kākou kino mai waho mai ua kapa ʻia he antigen, a ʻo kahi mea e hoʻāʻo nei e hakakā iā ia ua kapa ʻia he antibody.
- ʻO ka waiū umauma, ʻoiai ka colostrum, he palekana koʻikoʻi ia no nā pēpē no ka mea he waiwai ia i nā antibodies.
- I kekahi manawa hiki i kā mākou mau antibodies ponoʻī ke hoʻouka i nā ʻāpana olakino o ko mākou kino. Ua kapa ʻia kēia maʻi he mau maʻi autoimmune.
- Inā he mau nīnau a hopohopo paha kāu e pili ana i nā antibodies, ka pale ʻana, a i ʻole kekahi o nā kūlana i ʻōlelo ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻoluʻolu e kūkākūkā me kāu kauka.
💬 Comments (0)
ʻAʻohe manaʻo i kau ʻia. Hoʻohui i kāu manaʻo ma ʻaneʻi no ka manawa mua.
Hoʻohui i kāu manaʻo